STATE OF LOUISIANA COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT
17-339
DAVID LEGER
VERSUS
B.O.P. CONTROLS, INC. & LWCC
************
APPEAL FROM THE OFFICE OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION DISTRICT 4, NO. 16-05691 HONORABLE SHARON MORROW, WORKERS’ COMPENSATION JUDGE
************ SYLVIA R. COOKS JUDGE ************
Court composed of Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux, Chief Judge, Sylvia R. Cooks and Shannon J. Gremillion, Judges.
AFFIRMED.
William J. Casanova Miller & Associates P. O. Drawer 1630 Crowley, LA 70527 (337) 785-9500 COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE: David Leger
M. Jeremy Berthon 2237 S. Acadiana Thruway Baton Rouge, LA 70808 (225) 231-0925 COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT: B.O.P. Controls, Inc. and LWCC COOKS, Judge.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
The pertinent facts surrounding this appeal are not in dispute. On June 9,
2014, while in the course and scope of his employment with B.O.P. Controls, Inc.,
David Leger severely injured his left thumb. The parties submitted to a mediation
wherein they agreed to a full and final settlement of $60,000.00 on Mr. Leger’s
claims.
On July 21, 2016, a fully executed “Joint Petition for Approval of
Compromise Settlement” was submitted to the Office of Workers’ Compensation
(OWC) for an order of approval as required by La.R.S. 23:1272(B). There was no
dispute that the settlement conformed to the procedural requirements set forth in
La.R.S. 23:1272(B). The following day, on July 22, 2106, Mr. Leger tragically
and unexpectedly passed away due to circumstances unrelated to his work
accident. As of the date of Mr. Leger’s death, the workers’ compensation judge
(WCJ) had not yet signed the order approving of the settlement. Counsel for Mr.
Leger immediately notified the employer and the OWC of Mr. Leger’s death. On
July 26, 2016, the employer withdrew from the settlement agreement.
Due to the employer’s withdrawal from the settlement, suit was filed on
behalf of Mr. Leger’s son and heir, Eddy Leger (hereafter Plaintiff), seeking
approval and enforcement of the July 21, 2016 submitted settlement. On
November 10, 2016, after a hearing on the matter, the WCJ approved the parties’
settlement. The WCJ, in oral reasons for judgment, explained that it was her belief
that the plain wording of La.R.S. 23:1272(B) mandated that she approve the
settlement. A final judgment was signed reflecting that ruling on November 29,
2016. This appeal followed, wherein the employer and its workers’ compensation
insurer, LWCC (hereafter Defendants), assert the following assignments of error:
2 1. The WCJ committed legal error in approving the workers’ compensation settlement of David Leger after he died.
2. The WCJ committed manifest error in finding a lump sum payment was in the best interest of the parties and that the employer consented to the settlement.
ANALYSIS
At issue in this case is whether the WCJ committed legal error in approving
the parties’ settlement following the unexpected death of Mr. Leger. When a
settlement in a workers’ compensation claim involves a represented party, as is the
case herein, the applicable statute is La.R.S. 23:1272(B), which provides:
When the employee or his dependent is represented by counsel, and if attached to the petition presented to the workers’ compensation judge are affidavits of the employee or his dependent and of his counsel certifying each one of the following items: (1) the attorney has explained the rights of the employee or dependent and the consequences of the settlement to him; and, (2) that such employee or dependent understands his rights and the consequences of entering into the settlement, then the workers’ compensation judge shall approve the settlement by order, and the order shall not thereafter be set aside or modified except for fraud or misrepresentation made by any party.
There is no dispute that the settlement met the two procedural requirements set
forth in the statute. The statute clearly mandates that when these procedural
requirements are satisfied, the WCJ “shall approve the settlement by order.” The
only exception to that clear mandate is if there are instances of fraud or
misrepresentation. There are no allegations of fraud or misrepresentation herein,
and counsel for the employer/insurer acknowledged before this court that the
settlement was a “good” one.
As noted by our supreme court in Louisiana Federation of Teachers v. State
of Louisiana, 13-120, p. 26 (La. 5/7/13), 118 So.3d 1033, 1051, “[u]nder well-
established rules of interpretation, the word ‘shall’ excludes the possibility of being
‘optional’ or even subject to ‘discretion,’ but instead ‘shall’ means ‘imperative, of
similar effect and import with the word ‘must.’” (Citations omitted.) In her oral
3 reasons for judgment, the WCJ specifically noted the legislature’s inclusion of the
word “shall” in the 2001 amendment of the statute removed any discretion a WCJ
had in signing the agreement:
When this statute was [amended], the Workers’ Copensation judges at a meeting, discussed, I guess, and it was, I think, in my mind everyone was in agreement that, yes, any discretion was taken away. The “approval” is – is “proforma” the correct word?
So if the positions were reversed, if the claimant wanted to back out of the settlement, I think you would be making the same argument that Mr. Casanova [counsel for Plaintiffs] is making, Mr. Berthon [counsel for the employer/insurer]. The statute says, “it shall be approved.” It does not say, “If the judge finds it to be providing substantial justice to the parties.”
...
So it is my finding that the settlement documents do comply with 23:1272(B), and it is further my determination and finding that the workers’ comp judge upon finding compliance with that provision has no discretion whatsoever as to the execution of the settlement. Therefore, the “approval” was in form only, and therefore, I do find that [Plaintiffs are] entitled to enforce the settlement.
We agree that the mandatory of language of La.R.S. 23:1272(B) removed any
discretion from the WCJ as to signing the order of approval in the absence of any
evidence of fraud or misrepresentation.
Moreover, as counsel for Plaintiff notes, the settlement was presented to the
WCJ on July 21, 2016, the day before Mr. Leger died. On that date, the employer
had already received a signed “Receipt and Release” from Mr. Leger. Thus, we
agree by that date, which was prior to Mr. Leger’s passing, there was a “meeting of
the minds,” and the parties clearly intended for the claim to be resolved on July 21,
2016. All that needed to occur was the “ceremonial” signing of the order of
approval, which, as the WCJ stated, she had no discretion to refuse.
Defendants have cited two cases which they contend hold that an order of
approval can be set aside due to the subsequent death of Mr. Leger. In support of
vacating the WCJ’s signing of the order of approval, the employer/insurer cites
4 Ryder v. Industrial Const. Co., 616 So.2d 857 (La.App. 3 Cir.), writ denied, 619
So.2d 1068 (La.1993). The court in Ryder, 616 So.2d at 858, set forth the
following facts in that case:
A Joint Petition for Approval of Worker’s Compensation Compromise Settlement was forwarded to the OWC on October 4, 1990, for judicial approval as required by La.R.S. 23:1272. Plaintiff died from causes unrelated to his work injury on October 18, 1990. Neither the defendants nor the OWC were notified of plaintiff’s death.
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STATE OF LOUISIANA COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT
17-339
DAVID LEGER
VERSUS
B.O.P. CONTROLS, INC. & LWCC
************
APPEAL FROM THE OFFICE OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION DISTRICT 4, NO. 16-05691 HONORABLE SHARON MORROW, WORKERS’ COMPENSATION JUDGE
************ SYLVIA R. COOKS JUDGE ************
Court composed of Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux, Chief Judge, Sylvia R. Cooks and Shannon J. Gremillion, Judges.
AFFIRMED.
William J. Casanova Miller & Associates P. O. Drawer 1630 Crowley, LA 70527 (337) 785-9500 COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE: David Leger
M. Jeremy Berthon 2237 S. Acadiana Thruway Baton Rouge, LA 70808 (225) 231-0925 COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT: B.O.P. Controls, Inc. and LWCC COOKS, Judge.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
The pertinent facts surrounding this appeal are not in dispute. On June 9,
2014, while in the course and scope of his employment with B.O.P. Controls, Inc.,
David Leger severely injured his left thumb. The parties submitted to a mediation
wherein they agreed to a full and final settlement of $60,000.00 on Mr. Leger’s
claims.
On July 21, 2016, a fully executed “Joint Petition for Approval of
Compromise Settlement” was submitted to the Office of Workers’ Compensation
(OWC) for an order of approval as required by La.R.S. 23:1272(B). There was no
dispute that the settlement conformed to the procedural requirements set forth in
La.R.S. 23:1272(B). The following day, on July 22, 2106, Mr. Leger tragically
and unexpectedly passed away due to circumstances unrelated to his work
accident. As of the date of Mr. Leger’s death, the workers’ compensation judge
(WCJ) had not yet signed the order approving of the settlement. Counsel for Mr.
Leger immediately notified the employer and the OWC of Mr. Leger’s death. On
July 26, 2016, the employer withdrew from the settlement agreement.
Due to the employer’s withdrawal from the settlement, suit was filed on
behalf of Mr. Leger’s son and heir, Eddy Leger (hereafter Plaintiff), seeking
approval and enforcement of the July 21, 2016 submitted settlement. On
November 10, 2016, after a hearing on the matter, the WCJ approved the parties’
settlement. The WCJ, in oral reasons for judgment, explained that it was her belief
that the plain wording of La.R.S. 23:1272(B) mandated that she approve the
settlement. A final judgment was signed reflecting that ruling on November 29,
2016. This appeal followed, wherein the employer and its workers’ compensation
insurer, LWCC (hereafter Defendants), assert the following assignments of error:
2 1. The WCJ committed legal error in approving the workers’ compensation settlement of David Leger after he died.
2. The WCJ committed manifest error in finding a lump sum payment was in the best interest of the parties and that the employer consented to the settlement.
ANALYSIS
At issue in this case is whether the WCJ committed legal error in approving
the parties’ settlement following the unexpected death of Mr. Leger. When a
settlement in a workers’ compensation claim involves a represented party, as is the
case herein, the applicable statute is La.R.S. 23:1272(B), which provides:
When the employee or his dependent is represented by counsel, and if attached to the petition presented to the workers’ compensation judge are affidavits of the employee or his dependent and of his counsel certifying each one of the following items: (1) the attorney has explained the rights of the employee or dependent and the consequences of the settlement to him; and, (2) that such employee or dependent understands his rights and the consequences of entering into the settlement, then the workers’ compensation judge shall approve the settlement by order, and the order shall not thereafter be set aside or modified except for fraud or misrepresentation made by any party.
There is no dispute that the settlement met the two procedural requirements set
forth in the statute. The statute clearly mandates that when these procedural
requirements are satisfied, the WCJ “shall approve the settlement by order.” The
only exception to that clear mandate is if there are instances of fraud or
misrepresentation. There are no allegations of fraud or misrepresentation herein,
and counsel for the employer/insurer acknowledged before this court that the
settlement was a “good” one.
As noted by our supreme court in Louisiana Federation of Teachers v. State
of Louisiana, 13-120, p. 26 (La. 5/7/13), 118 So.3d 1033, 1051, “[u]nder well-
established rules of interpretation, the word ‘shall’ excludes the possibility of being
‘optional’ or even subject to ‘discretion,’ but instead ‘shall’ means ‘imperative, of
similar effect and import with the word ‘must.’” (Citations omitted.) In her oral
3 reasons for judgment, the WCJ specifically noted the legislature’s inclusion of the
word “shall” in the 2001 amendment of the statute removed any discretion a WCJ
had in signing the agreement:
When this statute was [amended], the Workers’ Copensation judges at a meeting, discussed, I guess, and it was, I think, in my mind everyone was in agreement that, yes, any discretion was taken away. The “approval” is – is “proforma” the correct word?
So if the positions were reversed, if the claimant wanted to back out of the settlement, I think you would be making the same argument that Mr. Casanova [counsel for Plaintiffs] is making, Mr. Berthon [counsel for the employer/insurer]. The statute says, “it shall be approved.” It does not say, “If the judge finds it to be providing substantial justice to the parties.”
...
So it is my finding that the settlement documents do comply with 23:1272(B), and it is further my determination and finding that the workers’ comp judge upon finding compliance with that provision has no discretion whatsoever as to the execution of the settlement. Therefore, the “approval” was in form only, and therefore, I do find that [Plaintiffs are] entitled to enforce the settlement.
We agree that the mandatory of language of La.R.S. 23:1272(B) removed any
discretion from the WCJ as to signing the order of approval in the absence of any
evidence of fraud or misrepresentation.
Moreover, as counsel for Plaintiff notes, the settlement was presented to the
WCJ on July 21, 2016, the day before Mr. Leger died. On that date, the employer
had already received a signed “Receipt and Release” from Mr. Leger. Thus, we
agree by that date, which was prior to Mr. Leger’s passing, there was a “meeting of
the minds,” and the parties clearly intended for the claim to be resolved on July 21,
2016. All that needed to occur was the “ceremonial” signing of the order of
approval, which, as the WCJ stated, she had no discretion to refuse.
Defendants have cited two cases which they contend hold that an order of
approval can be set aside due to the subsequent death of Mr. Leger. In support of
vacating the WCJ’s signing of the order of approval, the employer/insurer cites
4 Ryder v. Industrial Const. Co., 616 So.2d 857 (La.App. 3 Cir.), writ denied, 619
So.2d 1068 (La.1993). The court in Ryder, 616 So.2d at 858, set forth the
following facts in that case:
A Joint Petition for Approval of Worker’s Compensation Compromise Settlement was forwarded to the OWC on October 4, 1990, for judicial approval as required by La.R.S. 23:1272. Plaintiff died from causes unrelated to his work injury on October 18, 1990. Neither the defendants nor the OWC were notified of plaintiff’s death. In fact, plaintiff continued to receive weekly benefit checks through November 26, 1990. On November 14, 1990, the OWC approved the compromise settlement.
It was not until January, 1991 that defendants were notified of plaintiff’s death. At this time, they filed a motion to set aside the order of approval. The matter was heard on April 18, 1991. The hearing officer found that the failure to notify defendants of plaintiff’s death was a misrepresentation under La.R.S. 23:1272.
This court affirmed the WCJ’s judgment, finding “no error in the hearing officer’s
determination that the failure to notify defendants of the relevant fact of plaintiff’s
death was a misrepresentation sufficient to justify setting aside the order of
approval.” Id. at 859.
The Ryder case is clearly distinguishable from the instant case. The WCJ in
Ryder specifically set aside the order of approval because of the failure to inform
the employer of the plaintiff’s death. The WCJ in Ryder found this was a
misrepresentation, and required that the order of approval be set aside. In this case
there is no allegation of any fraud or misrepresentation on the part of Plaintiffs, the
only two grounds listed in La.R.S. 23:1272(B) which allow for setting aside an
order of approval. The facts establish Mr. Leger’s counsel immediately notified
both the OWC and counsel for the employer/insurer upon learning of Mr. Leger’s
death. Therefore, the circumstances do not exist in this case, as they did in Ryder,
to set aside an order of approval under La.R.S. 23:1272(B).
More importantly, the Ryder case predated the amendment of La.R.S.
23:1272(B) in 2001, which, in effect, makes a settlement agreement duly made in
5 compliance with the requirements therein self-activating absent fraud or
misrepresentation.
Defendants also cite Trahan v. Liberty Mutual Ins. Co., 188 So.2d 435
(La.App. 3 Cir. 1966), in support of its contention that the WCJ’s approval of the
settlement following Mr. Leger’s death was improper. In Trahan, the settlement
had not been fully executed between the parties prior to the claimant’s death. The
WCJ specifically noted in her oral reasons for judgment that Trahan was
distinguishable from the instant case because in Trahan “there was an agreement
reached, but not to the point where the settlement’s been submitted for approval.”
Again, we note Trahan was decided well before the 2001 amendment to La.R.S.
23:1272(B), which removed the WCJ’s discretion to make a determination as to
whether the settlement was “fair and equitable.”
In their second assignment of error, Defendants assert the WCJ committed
manifest error in finding a lump sum payment was in the best interest of the parties
and that the employer consented to the settlement. We find no merit in this
argument.
This argument by Defendants is premised on the requirement in La.R.S.
23:1271(A)(1) that there can only be settlement of a workers’ compensation claim
“upon agreement between the parties, including the insurer’s duty to obtain the
employer’s consent.” However, as Plaintiff notes, Paragraph 8 of the “Joint
Petition for Approval of Compromise Settlement,” states, “[t]he Employer has
been notified of the terms of this settlement and consents thereto.” (Emphasis
added.) Further, Paragraph 11 states, “[a]ll petitioners show that this settlement is
fair and equitable and is made subject to the approval of this Honorable Court.”
Defendants cannot now, in a blatant attempt to renege on their agreement, ignore
the provisions of the settlement they bargained for and signed off on.
6 DECREE
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Office of Workers’
Compensation is affirmed. All costs of this appeal are assessed to appellants,
B.O.P. Controls, Inc. and LWCC.