Daubenspeck v. Textron Aviation Incorporated

• Court: District Court, D. Arizona
• Decided: October 13, 2021
• Docket: 2:20-cv-00465
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 WO 2 3 4 5 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA

9 Joshua Daubenspeck, No. CV-20-00465-PHX-ROS

10 Plaintiff, ORDER

11 v.

12 Textron Aviation Incorporated,

13 Defendant. 14 15 Defendant Textron Aviation Inc. employed Plaintiff Joshua Daubenspeck, an 16 officer in the United States Coast Guard Reserve, (Doc. 1 at 3), from October 2015 to July 17 2019. (Doc. 48 at 1, 9). On July 27, 2019, Defendant terminated Plaintiff’s employment 18 as Regional Sales Director. (Doc. 47 at 7). Plaintiff subsequently filed this suit, asserting 19 the termination was motivated by his obligations to the Coast Guard Reserve in violation 20 of the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA), 38 21 U.S.C. § 4301, et seq., and a similar Arizona statute, codified at A.R.S. §§ 23-1501 and 26- 22 168. (Doc. 1 at 4-6). Defendant contends it terminated Plaintiff’s employment due to 23 Plaintiff’s inadequate performance as sales director, not as a result of Plaintiff’s service in 24 the Coast Guard Reserve. (Doc. 47 at 7). Summary judgment will be denied on both 25 claims. 26 BACKGROUND 27 Unless otherwise noted, the following facts are undisputed. Plaintiff Joshua 28 Daubenspeck (“Daubenspeck”) served in the United States Coast Guard for over fourteen 1 years. (Doc. 1 at 3). At all times relevant to this suit, he was a Lieutenant Commander in 2 the Coast Guard Reserve. (Doc. 1 at 3). In October 2015, Defendant Textron Aviation 3 Incorporated (“Textron”) hired Daubenspeck as a Regional Sales Associate responsible for 4 generating leads that could lead to airplane sales. (Doc. 48 at 1). At the time of his hiring, 5 Daubenspeck disclosed his status as an officer in the Coast Guard Reserve to his then- 6 supervisor, William Harris. (Doc. 48 at 1). Harris responded favorably to Daubenspeck’s 7 military commitments. (Doc. 48 at 1). In January 2017, Daubenspeck was promoted to 8 Regional Sales Director and relocated from Manhattan Beach, California to Scottsdale, 9 Arizona. (Doc. 51 at 2). 10 Steve Sperley replaced Harris as Daubenspeck’s supervisor in November 2018. 11 (Doc. 48 at 3). Daubenspeck informed Sperley about his Coast Guard Reserve status and 12 his associated duties at the time Sperley assumed his role as Daubenspeck’s supervisor. 13 (Doc. 48 at 3). 14 While employed with Textron, Daubenspeck participated in monthly drills with the 15 Coast Guard Reserve that occupied one weekend per month and, in each year prior to 2019, 16 he performed a two-week active duty service commitment with the Coast Guard. (Doc. 48 17 at 2). The parties agree, “Daubenspeck experienced no problems from Textron regarding 18 his Coast Guard duties in 2017 and 2018” and “Daubenspeck’s duties with the Coast Guard 19 Reserve did not impact his performance at Textron.” (Doc. 48 at 2-3). 20 Each year, Harris or Sperley gave Daubenspeck a sales quota he was expected to 21 meet. In 2017, Daubenspeck sold five aircraft against a quota of four. (Doc. 51 at 2). The 22 sales in that year were made on May 12, June 28, September 18, September 23, December 23 28. (Doc. 52 at 9). In 2018, Daubenspeck sold four aircraft against a quota of five. (Doc. 24 48 at 2). Those sales were completed on July 13, August 3, September 25, and September 25 27. (Doc. 48 at 7). In 2019, Daubenspeck had a quota of five airplane sales. (Doc. 48 at 26 3). 27 On February 20, 2019, President Donald J. Trump issued Proclamation 9844 28 “Declaring a National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States.” 1 84 Fed.Reg. 4949. On June 7, 2019, Daubenspeck was notified he would be mobilized to 2 active duty to the U.S. border in support of President Trump’s declaration. (Doc. 1 at 3). 3 Daubenspeck spoke with Sperley regarding his upcoming deployment on June 7 and, on 4 June 10, emailed Sperley and Danielle Cooper of Textron’s Human Resources department 5 explaining that he would be deployed from August 13 to October 11, 2019. (Doc. 48 at 5). 6 According to Daubenspeck, after he notified Sperley of his upcoming deployment, 7 “the tone of all conversations and dialogue with Mr. Sperley turned particularly critical and 8 focused on negative consequences.” (Doc. 52-2 at 4). When Daubenspeck first told 9 Sperley of his service obligations, Daubenspeck claims to have had the “immediate 10 impression that Mr. Sperley had an unfavorable view of Mr. Daubenspeck’s service in the 11 Coast Guard.” (Doc. 51 at 3; Doc. 52-2 at 3). In his declaration, Daubenspeck explains 12 Sperley’s questions involved whether service in the Coast Guard would mean Daubenspeck 13 was unavailable for “customer engagement and outreach” or if he would be “off the grid 14 and unresponsive.” (Doc. 52-2 at 3). Beyond Daubenspeck’s recital of Sperley’s reaction, 15 Daubenspeck offers two pieces of documentary evidence in support of his assertion that 16 his relationship with Sperley soured because of his military commitments. 17 First, Daubenspeck notes the tone of comments in his internal “Performance 18 Management Profile” changed after he notified Sperley of his deployment:

19 On June 3, 2019, before he was aware of Mr. Daubenspeck’s upcoming deployment, Mr. Sperley noted, “Josh continues to seek opportunities to both 20 learn from his peers and obtain feedback from his RVP. Additionally, Josh is working from a combined RSD/RSA sales plan that will provide a 21 structure from which to improve his effectiveness.” But then, on July 3, 2019, after learning of Mr. Daubenspeck’s upcoming deployment, Mr. Sperley 22 concluded, “While Josh puts forward a lot of energy, his communication, technical, and business acumen skills are lacking. Josh is has [sic] been 23 underperforming in 2019.” 24 (Doc. 51 at 8 quoting Doc. 52-2 at 17-18). For its part, Textron argues Daubenspeck takes 25 the comments out of context. (Doc. 53 at 4-5). It says the June 3 comment appeared “under 26 the heading ‘Development Plan’” which it suggests “clearly related to how Textron is 27 expecting Daubenspeck to develop as a salesperson—obviously, that expectation would 28 never be negative.” (Doc. 53 at 5). The July 3 comment Daubenspeck cites came under a 1 “General Summary” heading, “which was visible only to Sperley, not Daubenspeck.” 2 (Doc. 53 at 5). Textron notes there were no prior comments in the General Summary 3 section, which it suggests means that “Daubenspeck’s inference that Sperley was suddenly 4 flip-flopping from positive to negative comments after learning of the upcoming 5 deployment is not reasonable.” (Doc. 53 at 5). It also notes that, under the Development 6 heading, Sperley on July 3 described Daubenspeck in relatively positive terms. (Doc. 53 7 at 5). 8 Second, Daubenspeck points to a July 9 email sent by Zachary Lyons, a Textron 9 human resources partner. In the email, Lyons wrote: “Josh did not produce a sale through 10 the end of quarter. Performance discussion about needing to see sales results. Manager set 11 multiple goals including that he expects Josh to sell 2 aircrafts within 30 days (by July 24th) 12 which Josh has not made any progress towards. Josh also sent e-mail to manager on June 13 10th saying he will be required to join coast guard between August 13th-October 11th.” 14 (Doc. 51 at 16) (emphasis omitted). Daubenspeck argues a “plain reading of this 15 paragraph, in context, leads to the conclusion that Mr. Daubenspeck’s upcoming 16 deployment was a consideration in the decision to terminate Mr. Daubenspeck.” (Doc. 51 17 at 16). Daubenspeck believes that the presence of the word “also” in Lyons’s email 18 indicates that Daubenspeck’s service obligations were a motivating factor in his dismissal 19 in addition to his poor performance. 20 Textron fired Daubenspeck on July 27, 2019. At that time, Daubenspeck had made 21 no sales in the 2019 calendar year. (Doc. 48 at 7; Doc. 52 at 9). The parties disagree over 22 how to interpret Daubenspeck’s performance in 2019. Daubenspeck suggests that he 23 “developed a number of sales opportunities in the first and second quarter of 2019 that 24 were prospects for aircraft sales in the third or fourth quarter of 2019.” (Doc. 51 at 3). He 25 suggests that a deal he “had diligently worked on with a colleague since early 2017 booked 26 in August 2019, less than a month and a half after his termination.” (Doc. 52 at 10). He 27 downplays the significance of his lack of sales at the end of 2018 and during the first seven 28 months of 2019 on the ground that he ordinarily made most of his sales in the third and 1 fourth quarter of the year, noting repeatedly that seven of his previous nine sales came in 2 Q3 or Q4. (See, e.g., Doc. 52 at 9). Textron states Daubenspeck did not “have any likely 3 prospects in his sales pipeline as of July.” (Doc. 48 at 7). Textron also notes it fired two 4 other employees, neither of whom were service members, at around the same time for 5 inadequate sales performance. (Doc. 53 at 7-8). Daubenspeck argues Textron’s comparisons between himself and the other Textron 6 sales personnel fired around the same time (neither of whom were service members) are 7 inapt. One of the fired employees was a Regional Sales Associate who failed to generate 8 enough sales leads. (Doc. 51 at 11). Regional Sales Associates at Textron are not 9 responsible for closing sales. (Doc. 51 at 11). Daubenspeck argues it is inappropriate to 10 compare a Regional Sales Associate to a Regional Sales Director because “generating sales 11 leads cannot be equated with selling an aircraft.” (Doc. 51 at 11). The other employee 12 held the same position as Daubenspeck. But Daubenspeck argues that the comparison to 13 him is unsuitable because the other employee had a worse sales record in previous years: 14 “[the employee] only sold two aircraft in all of 2018, and he only sold one aircraft in 2019, 15 whereas Mr. Daubenspeck sold four aircraft in 2018.” (Doc. 51 at 11). 16 LEGAL STANDARD 17 Summary judgment may be granted if there is no genuine issue of material fact 18 and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Fed. R.Civ. P. 56(c); Celotex 19 Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 321 (1986). Material facts are those which may affect the 20 outcome of the case and a dispute as to a material fact is “genuine” only if there is 21 sufficient evidence for a reasonable trier of fact to decide in favor of the nonmoving 22 party. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986). On a motion for 23 summary judgment, the Court draws all reasonable inferences that may be taken from the 24 underlying facts in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. See Matsushita Elec. 25 Indus. Co., Ltd. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574 (1986). And, on a motion for 26 summary judgment, “the district court does not assess credibility or weigh the evidence, 27 but simply determines whether there is a genuine factual issue for trial.” House v. Bell, 28 1 574 U.S. 518, 559–560 (2006). 2 The moving party has the initial burden of production for showing the absence of 3 any material fact. Celotex Corp., 477 U.S. at 331. In circumstances where the non- 4 moving party would bear the burden of persuasion at trial, the moving party can satisfy its 5 initial burden in one of two ways: “First, the moving party may submit affirmative 6 evidence that negates an essential element of the nonmoving party's claim. Second, the 7 moving party may demonstrate to the Court that the nonmoving party's evidence is 8 insufficient to establish an essential element of the nonmoving party's claim.” Id. On the 9 other hand, if the moving party bears the burden of persuasion at trial, under Celotex 10 Corp., “that party must support its motion with credible evidence . . . that would entitle it 11 to a directed verdict if not controverted at trial.” Celotex Corp., 477 U.S. at 331 12 (Brennan, J., dissenting); Anderson, 477 U.S. at 251. In other words, the question is 13 whether a reasonable juror could properly find for the non-movant. See Anderson, 477 14 U.S. at 252 (citing Improvement Co. v. Munson, 14 Wall. 442, 448 (1872)). If the 15 moving party satisfies its initial burden, the burden of proof shifts to the nonmovant to 16 show that there exists a genuine issue of material fact. 17 18 ANALYSIS 19 I. Legal Standard 20 USERRA prohibits employment discrimination motivated by uniformed service 21 obligations. See Leisek v. Brightwood Corp., 278 F.3d 895, 898 (9th Cir. 2002). An 22 employer violates USERRA if an employee’s service status, application for service, or 23 service obligations are a “motivating factor in the employer’s action, unless the employer 24 can prove that the action would have been taken in the absence of such membership, 25 application for membership, service, application for service, or obligation for service.” 38 26 U.S.C. § 4311(c)(1). This statutory language represents a decision by Congress to override 27 a previous Supreme Court decision. 28 Congress enacted USERRA to strengthen veterans’ employment and reemployment 1 rights in response to the Supreme Court’s decision in Monroe v. Standard Oil Co., 452 2 U.S. 549 (1981). Leisek, 278 F.3d at 898. In Monroe, the Supreme Court held a 3 predecessor statute to USERRA required that an employee’s service status must be the sole 4 motivation for an employer’s action. Id. (citing Monroe, 452 at 559). “USERRA replaced 5 the ‘sole motivation’ test with a more lenient standard that requires only that the 6 employee’s military status was a ‘motivating factor’ in the employer’s action.” Id. (citing 7 Sheehan v. Dep’t of Navy, 240 F.3d 1009, 1012-13 (Fed. Cir. 2001); Gummo v. Vill. of 8 Depew, 75 F.3d 98, 105 (2d Cir. 1996)). 9 Courts applying USERRA use a burden-shifting standard. See Huhmann v. Federal 10 Express Corp., 874 F.3d 1102, 1107 (9th Cir. 2017); Leisek, 278 F.3d at 898-9; Sheehan, 11 240 F.3d at 1013. Relying on USERRA’s legislative history, courts have applied the 12 burden of proof allocations approved by the Supreme Court in NLRB v. Transportation 13 Management Corp., 462 U.S. 393, 401 (1983).1 Leisek, 278 F.3d at 898-99; Sheehan, 240 14 F.3d at 1013. The employee bears the initial burden to demonstrate, by a preponderance 15 of the evidence, that the employee’s military service was a “substantial or motivating 16 factor” in the adverse employment action. Sheehan, 240 F.3d at 1013. Discriminatory 17 intent can be proved by circumstantial evidence and may be inferred from a variety of 18 factors, “including proximity in time between the employee’s military activity and the 19 adverse employment action, inconsistencies between proffered reason and other actions of 20 the employer, an employer’s expressed hostility toward members protected by the statute 21 together with knowledge of the employee’s military activity,” and disparate treatment of 22 service member employees compared with non-service member employees. Leisek, 278 23 F.3d at 900 (citing Sheehan, 240 F.3d at 1014). If the initial requirement is satisfied, “the 24 burden shifts to the employer to prove the affirmative defense that legitimate reasons, 25 standing alone, would have induced the employer to take the same adverse action” without 26 1 The Ninth Circuit has noted that, although Transportation Management has been partially 27 overruled on other grounds, courts continue “to recognize the validity of the Transportation Management burden-shifting scheme, because it places the burden of persuasion on the 28 employer as to the affirmative defense only after the employee has first met the requirement of showing that the employer’s decision was discriminatory.” Leisek, 278 F.3d at 899 n.1. 1 regard to the employee’s military service. Sheehan, 240 F.3d at 1014. 2 The evidentiary burdens under Transportation Management are different from those 3 in discrimination cases under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as interpreted by 4 the Supreme Court in McDonnell Douglas Corp v. Green, 411 U.S. 792 (1973) and 5 subsequent cases, including Texas Department of Community Affairs v. Burdine, 450 U.S. 6 248 (1981). See Sheehan, 240 F.3d at 1014. The McDonnell Douglas framework, “while 7 allocating the burden of production of evidence, does not shift the burden of persuasion to 8 the employer.” Id. (citations omitted). USERRA shifts the burden of persuasion and the 9 burden of production. See id. 10 The Arizona Employment Protection Act (AEPA) provides that employees 11 terminated as a result of their service in the armed forces have the right to bring a tort claim 12 for wrongful termination in violation of public policy. A.R.S. § 23-1501(A)(3)(c)(vii). 13 Under the statute, employers must allow members of “the United States armed forces 14 reserves to take leaves of absence from employment for the purpose of complying with 15 competent orders . . . for active duty or to attend camps, maneuvers, formations or armory 16 drills.” A.R.S. § 26-168(A).2 In 2018, the Arizona legislature amended AEPA to provide:

17 When ordered to perform active duty or training by the competent orders of any state or the United States, members of the national guard or United States 18 armed forces reserves shall have the protections afforded to persons under federal active duty by the soldiers and sailors civil relief act of 1940 (54 Stat. 19 1178; 50 United States Code App. §§ 501 through 548 and 560 through 591) and by the uniformed services employment and reemployment rights act of 20 1994 (108 Stat. 3149; 38 United States Code §§ 4301 through 4333). 21 A.R.S. § 26-168(D); 2018 Ariz. Legis. Serv. Ch. 118 (H.B. 2421). No court has yet decided 22 what it means for § 26-168 to guarantee “the protections afforded to persons under” 23 USERRA. Because the legislature amended the statute to bring § 26-168’s protections in 24 line with USERRA after Sheehan, Leisek, and Huhmann were decided, the Court infers

25 2 This Arizona legislature amended this provision in 2021. See 2021 Ariz. Legis. Serv. Ch. 193 (H.B. 2297). The 2021 amendment largely relates to the way the maximum amount 26 of protect military leave is calculated. See id. Because the present dispute does not concern the maximum permissible length of Daubenspeck’s military leave, the Court need not 27 decide whether the 2021 amendment applies retroactively. But cf. United States v. $80,180.00 in U.S. Currency, 303 F.3d 1182, 1184 (9th Cir. 2002) (noting “the general rule 28 that ‘a court is to apply the law in effect at the time it renders its decision’”) (quoting Bradley v. School Bd. Of Richmond, 416 U.S. 696, 711 (1974)). 1 that it intended to adopt the USERRA balancing framework discussed above. The 2 protections of USERRA and AEPA are thus coextensive and the analysis is identical. 3 II. Plaintiff’s burden Daubenspeck bears the initial burden of showing that his upcoming two-month 4 deployment was a “substantial or motivating factor” in Textron’s decision to terminate his 5 employment. See Huhmann, 874 F.3d at 1108. Daubenspeck makes three arguments to 6 satisfy his burden. 7 First, he notes the close temporal proximity between when he notified Sperley of 8 his deployment and when Textron terminated his employment. On June 7 and 10, 9 Daubenspeck told Sperley he would be deployed for two months, beginning on August 13. 10 (Doc. 48 at 5). On June 24, Sperley spoke with Lyons. (Doc. 48 at 5). On June 25, Sperley 11 set a goal for Daubenspeck to sell two planes within 30 days. (Doc. 48 at 7). Textron fired 12 Daubenspeck on July 27. (Doc. 48 at 9). Daubenspeck argues the 30-day goal was an 13 unrealistic target Sperley created as a pretextual justification for Daubenspeck’s 14 termination. 15 Textron argues the temporal proximity between the deployment notification and his 16 termination is a coincidence. It notes, “[a]t his deposition, Daubenspeck admitted that by 17 late spring or May 2019 he knew that Sperley was critical of his job performance,” and “in 18 May 2019, he actually knew that Sperley didn’t think he had enough deals in his pipeline.” 19 (Doc. 53 at 3; Doc. 48-1 at 22-23) (emphasis omitted). Textron argues Daubenspeck 20 received the 30-day sales goal not because of the recent notification that he would be 21 deployed, but because it was baked into his annual midyear performance review. (Doc. 48 22 at 5). Textron notes Sperley also gave a 30-day performance target to a Regional Sales 23 Associate around the same time. That associate was required to generate six leads within 24 30 days. (Doc. 48 at 11). Textron fired the associate on July 25. (Doc. 48 at 10). On June 25 25, Sperley told a different Regional Sales Director that Sperley was counting on him to 26 sell a second plane that quarter. (Doc. 48 at 11). Textron fired the other sales director on 27 August 19. (Doc. 48 at 11). 28 Second, Daubenspeck points to a July 9 email sent by Lyons to Emry Woelk, a 1 Textron “employee relations specialist,” concerning the plan to terminate Daubenspeck’s 2 employment if he failed to meet the 30-day goal set by Sperley. (Doc. 52 at 10). In the 3 email, Lyons wrote: “Manager set multiple goals including that he expects Josh to sell 2 4 aircrafts within 30 days (by July 24th) which Josh has not made progress towards. Josh 5 also sent e-mail to manager on June 10th saying he will be required to join coast guard 6 between August 13th-Octover 11th.” (Doc. 52 at 10). In his statement of facts submitted in 7 opposition to summary judgment, Daubenspeck italicized the word “also” in the email to 8 indicate that his service obligations were a motivation for his termination in addition to his 9 sales performance. (Doc. 52 at 10). 10 Textron suggests that Lyons included the reference to Daubenspeck’s service status 11 because “Lyons considered it important that the employee relations team had the complete 12 record for when a termination decision is recommended so that they can evaluate the entire 13 situation. Given Mr. Daubenspeck’s military status, it was particularly important to Lyons 14 that the employee relations team knew that he had received deployment orders.” (Doc. 48 at 8). They argue “Lyons attached the deployment orders only for Woelk’s reference and 15 not because they had any role in the decision to terminate.” (Doc. 48 at 9). 16 Third, Daubenspeck argues that the tone of his conversations with Sperley changed 17 after he notified Sperley of his deployment. (Doc. 51 at 14). Daubenspeck insists “all 18 discussions [he] had with Mr. Sperley regarding sales activity and strategies, until late June, 19 were cordial, upbeat, and positive, with no mention of any repercussions for lack of sales.” 20 (Doc. 51 at 14). But, starting in late June, “the tone of all dialogue with Mr. Sperley turned 21 particularly critical and focused on negative consequences.” (Doc. 51 at 14). 22 Textron argues Daubenspeck’s interpretation of Sperley’s response is immaterial. 23 (Doc. 53 at 1-2). It argues that Daubenspeck’s assertion “is insufficient to create a genuine 24 issue of material fact because Daubenspeck has no corroborating evidence, just his 25 subjective impression. There are no voice recordings to present to a trier of fact.” (Doc. 26 53 at 2). Textron correctly notes that the Ninth Circuit has held that an employee’s claim 27 that a supervisor used a different tone of voice is insufficient, by itself, to satisfy the 28 plaintiff’s initial burden to prove a showing of discriminatory motive under the first prong 1 of the McDonnell Douglas balancing framework. (Doc. 53 at 2) (citing Carmen v. North 2 Cent. Ctys. Consortium, 605 F.3d 740, 753-54 (9th Cir. 2010). But, unlike in Carmen, 3 Daubenspeck’s impression of Sperley’s tone and nonverbal behavior is not his only 4 evidence of discrimination. Indeed, it is perhaps the least probative evidence Daubenspeck 5 offers. 6 The question, therefore, is whether the close temporal proximity, an email 7 referencing Daubenspeck’s upcoming service in the context of possible termination, and 8 Daubenspeck’s description of Sperley’s behavior is sufficient evidence to create a dispute 9 of material fact regarding whether his 2019 deployment was a motivating factor in 10 Textron’s decision to terminate his employment. Viewed in the light most favorable to 11 Daubenspeck, it is. Textron offers evidence that it was a downsizing at the time, and that 12 struggling sales employees were merely casualties of company-wide trends. It notes, 13 “Textron terminated 241 employees in 2019 as part of workforce reduction, excluding 14 terminations for performance or retirements.” (Doc. 48 at 11). Textron may have had motivations for terminating Daubenspeck’s employment other than his service status. But 15 Daubenspeck has sufficient evidence to create a genuine dispute of fact for the jury to 16 decide whether one motivating factor in Textron’s decision to terminate Daubenspeck, as 17 opposed to some other employee, was the fact that he would be on leave for two months 18 during the summer and fall of 2019. Daubenspeck has thus satisfied his initial burden 19 under USERRA. The burden then shifts to Textron to show there is no dispute that it would 20 have terminated Daubenspeck without regard to his service. 21 III. Defendant’s burden 22 Textron argues “Daubenspeck’s military service played no role in the decision to 23 terminate” Daubenspeck’s employment. (Doc. 53 at 1). This is a stronger position than 24 what Textron must actually show at this point to obtain summary judgment. That is, 25 Textron is not required to show the military service played no role. Rather, Textron need 26 only show that, even assuming the military service played a role in Daubenspeck’s 27 termination, Textron would have made the same decision without considering his military 28 service obligations. It offers three arguments to show it would have fired Daubenspeck 1 regardless of his upcoming deployment. 2 First, Textron notes Daubenspeck had not sold a plane since September 2018, ten 3 months before he was fired. (Doc. 48 at 5). The parties vigorously dispute how strong 4 Daubenspeck’s sales prospects were at the time of his firing and appear to disagree when 5 Sperley began to communicate displeasure with Daubenspeck’s performance to 6 Daubenspeck. Textron claims Daubenspeck did not “have any likely prospects in his sales 7 pipeline as of July.” (Doc. 48 at 7). In his Response in Opposition to the Motion for 8 Summary Judgment, Daubenspeck discusses at length the sales prospects he felt he had in 9 the wings at the time he was fired. (Doc. 52 at 3). At the core of the disagreement, 10 however, the parties seem to agree that, despite Daubenspeck’s efforts, in the two months 11 leading up to Daubenspeck’s termination, Sperley clearly communicated displeasure with 12 Daubenspeck’s lackluster sales performance. (Doc. 48-1 at 22) 13 Second, Textron points out it gave two other employees in Arizona, a Regional Sales 14 Associate and a Regional Sales Director, quotas similar to Daubenspeck’s and fired those employees around the same time. Sperley told the associate to produce six leads for aircraft 15 sales in thirty days. (Doc. 53 at 7-8). After he failed to do so, Textron fired the employee. 16 (Doc. 53 at 8). Sperley told the sales director in June that he wanted another sale. (Doc. 17 48 at 11). The other sales director was fired three weeks after Daubenspeck. (Doc. 48 at 18 11). While these comparisons have some weight, Daubenspeck argues the comparisons 19 may be inapt. 20 Daubenspeck argues the comparison to the sales associate is inapposite because 21 “generating sales leads cannot be equated with selling an aircraft.” (Doc. 51 at 11). He 22 also suggests the associate had been a poor performer in the past. (Doc. 51 at 14; Doc. 52- 23 5). Daubenspeck seeks to distinguish himself from the other sales director by pointing out 24 that the other sales director “had very poor sales results in 2018.” (Doc. 52 at 14). The 25 other sales director sold two planes in 2018 and one in 2019, (Doc. 52 at 14); Daubenspeck 26 sold four planes in 2018 and none in 2019. (Doc. 52 at 9; Doc. 48 at 2). Moreover, 27 Daubenspek notes Sperley said on a call with Lyons that the other director would be let go 28 1 as a result of reduction, not a termination due to performance. (Doc. 52-3).3 And Sperley 2 and Lyons had discussed whether it would be appropriate to move the other director to 3 another role due to market conditions. (Doc. 52 at 15). Daubenspeck alleges he was not 4 given similar consideration. (Doc. 51 at 11). 5 Third, Textron argues it was merely engaged in company-wide downsizing at the 6 time. It notes, “Textron terminated 241 employees in 2019 as part of workforce reduction 7 excluding terminations for performance or retirements.” (Doc. 48 at 11). Heading G of 8 Textron’s Reply in Support of its Motion for Summary Judgment says, “Textron terminated 9 all of the regional sales directors and associates covering Arizona, not just Daubenspeck.” 10 (Doc. 53 at 7). If it is true that Textron fired every employee in those positions in the state, 11 that would be highly probative of their argument that Daubenspeck’s service status played 12 no role in Textron’s decision. But Textron failed to provide admissible evidence to support 13 its factual assertion and did not make this assertion in its statement of facts. Thus, 14 Daubenspeck was not afforded an opportunity to dispute it. The record, then, does not support the Court using it as a basis for summary judgment.4 15 IV. Summary judgment is not appropriate 16 Taking all the facts in the light most favorable to Daubenspeck, the Court finds 17 summary judgment is not appropriate. Because Daubenspeck satisfied his initial burden, 18 the burden of persuasion shifts to Textron. Where, as here, the “the moving party would 19 bear the burden of persuasion of trial, that party must support its motion with credible 20 evidence . . . that would entitle it to a directed verdict if not controverted at trial.” Celotex 21 Corp., 477 U.S. at 331 (Brennan, J., dissenting). 22 Textron argues Daubenspeck was fired, just like two other Arizona salespeople, due 23 to inadequate sales performance amid company-wide layoffs. Nevertheless, a reasonable 24 25 3 However, Textron ultimately terminated the other regional sales director due to 26 performance. (Doc. 47 at 9). 4 Interestingly, if Textron did indeed fire all such employees, it would lend credence to the 27 notion that the sales quotas given to Textron employees were pretextual. But rather than demonstrating pretext for firing Daubenspeck on the basis of his service status, it would 28 show that the quotas were pretext for Textron clearing house within the state (which would not support either of Daubenspeck’s claims in the present litigation). 1 factfinder could interpret the close proximity between Daubenspeck’s deployment and his 2 termination, along with the July 9 email from Zachary Lyons, showed Daubenspeck was 3 chosen for termination because he would be taking two months’ leave. And assuming 4 Daubenspeck’s deployment was a motivating factor in Textron’s decision to terminate him, 5 rather than some other Textron employee, Textron has not established as a matter of law 6 that it would have made the same decision regardless. Daubenspeck’s claims must proceed 7 to trial. Cf. Sheehan, 240 F.3d at 1014. 8 This matter is now ready for trial. 9 Accordingly, 10 IT IS ORDERED Defendant’s motion for summary judgment (Doc. 47) is 11 DENIED. 12 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED all Motions in Limine are due no later than April 13 19, 2022. Responses are due no later than April 29, 2022. No replies are permitted unless 14 ordered by the Court. Prior to filing any Motion in Limine, the parties must confer and 15 discuss the contents of each proposed motion. No Motion in Limine shall be filed if 16 opposing party does not dispute the relief requested. 17 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED the Joint Proposed Pretrial Order is due no later than 18 May 2, 2022. 19 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED the parties shall review the Court’s standard Juror 20 Questionnaire (available on the Court’s website) and each party is to file NO MORE 21 THAN FIVE PROPOSED QUESTIONS to be added to the standard Juror Questionnaire 22 no later than May 2, 2022. Each proposed question shall stand alone and shall not contain 23 sub-parts. 24 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED the parties shall file a very brief Joint Statement of 25 the Case, that will be incorporated into the Juror Questionnaire, no later than May 2, 2022. 26 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED the parties shall file a second Joint Statement of the 27 Case, of no more than two short paragraphs that will be read to the jury, no later than May 28 16, 2022. 1 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED no later than May 16, 2022, the parties shall file 2 and submit via email (silver_chambers@azd.uscourts.gov) in Word format proposed Jury 3 Instructions in compliance with the procedures available on the Court’s website, including 4 but not limited to: 1) a joint set of proposed jury instructions where they agree; 2) a separate 5 set of instructions (one for each party) where the parties do not agree; and 3) legal authority 6 supporting all proposed instructions whether the parties agree or not. Where the parties do 7 not agree, the opposing party shall clearly state its objection to the proposed instruction 8 and the proponent of the instruction shall provide a response in support of the proposed 9 instruction. 10 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED the parties shall jointly file a proposed form of 11 verdict, or if the parties do not agree, they are to separately file proposed forms of verdict 12 no later than May 16, 2022. 13 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED no later than May 16, 2022, the parties shall deliver 14 to chambers excerpts of the deposition testimony they propose to present as witnesses at 15 trial, in compliance with the procedures available on the Court’s website (found in 16 Deposition Designation Procedure for Judge Silver). The Plaintiffs are to highlight in 17 yellow the portions they wish to offer. and the Defendants are to highlight in blue those 18 portions they wish to offer. If either party objects to any proposed testimony, a specific 19 and concise objection (e.g., “Relevance, Rule 402”) shall be placed in the margin adjacent 20 to the proposed testimony. The party proposing the testimony to which there is an objection 21 is to respond to the objection that has been placed in the margin by the objecting party. 22 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED a final pretrial conference is set for June 8, 2022 at 23 10:00 a.m. at which time the Court will review with counsel the Juror Questionnaires. The 24 parties shall meet and confer prior to the pretrial conference regarding the Juror 25 Questionnaires and email to the Courtroom Deputy no later than noon on June 7, 2022 a 26 list of the jurors they agree should be stricken for cause, and any objections to jurors they 27 do not agree should be stricken for cause. The parties shall not file this list. The Court 28 will rule on any disputed jurors at the final pretrial conference. 1 The parties will be supplied a disk containing the questionnaires approximately || one week prior to the final pretrial conference. Counsel shall bring a copy of the || questionnaires to the conference for review. Counsel are required to return the disk 4|| to the Courtroom Deputy and destroy all copies of the questionnaires no later than 5 || the last day of trial. 6 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED trial to a jury is set for June 15, 2022 at 8:30 a.m. || Estimated length of trial is 3 days. 8 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED the parties shall comply with the Exhibit Procedures 9|| found on the Court’s website at www.azd.uscourts.gov / Judges’ Information / Orders, || Forms & Procedures for Hon. Roslyn O. Silver. 11 Dated this 12th day of October, 2021. 12 fo -

14 Honorab e Roslyn ©. Silver 15 Senior United States District Judge 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

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