IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DANIEL J. WATSON and KETWARIN No. 69352-2-I ONNUM, husband and wife, DIVISION ONE Respondents, ORDER GRANTING MOTION v. TO PUBLISH OPINION
NORTHWEST TRUSTEE SERVICES, INC., C=3
Petitioner, IK —>_. 3S» zo o-~ T,^--,.. CITIMORTGAGE, INC.; NATIONAL CO
LEGAL HELP CENTER, INC.; and S>~g-„,, 3»>
JOHN DOES 1-10, ~'cp Defendants.
The respondents, Daniel J. Watson and Ketwarin Onnum, having filed a motion
to publish opinion, and the hearing panel having reconsidered its prior determination
and finding that the opinion will be of precedential value; now, therefore it is hereby:
ORDERED that the unpublished opinion filed January 21, 2014, shall be
published and printed in the Washington Appellate Reports.
DATED this Ifl^davof MflrcVl .2014. For the Court:
Judge lj Cr>':U\ HI- Am.? u> niv t c uiv i STATE Or ViASHJHGfO!-;
2QIUAH21 PH Is 26
DANIEL J. WATSON and KETWARIN No. 69352-2- ONNUM, husband and wife, DIVISION ONE Respondents, PUBLISHED OPINION v.
NORTHWEST TRUSTEE SERVICES, INC., FILED: January 21, 2014 Petitioner,
CITIMORTGAGE, INC.; NATIONAL LEGAL HELP CENTER, INC.; and JOHN DOES 1-10,
Defendants.
Leach, C.J. — Northwest Trustee Services Inc. (NWTS) seeks
discretionary review of the superior court's denial of NWTS's motion for
summary dismissal of the claim by Daniel Watson and Ketwarin Onnum (the
Watsons) for damages allegedly caused by NWTS's breach of the foreclosure
fairness act, chapter 61.24 RCW (FFA). The Watsons cross petition, seeking
review of the superior court's dismissal of their claims under the Consumer
Protection Act, chapter 19.86 RCW (CPA). Because the trial court committed
probable error and substantially altered the status quo when it dismissed the
Watsons' CPA claims, we grant the Watsons' petition and reverse the trial court's
decision. Because the trial court did not commit error when it denied NWTS's No. 69352-2-1 / 2
motion for summary dismissal of the Watsons' FFA claims, we deny NWTS's
petition.
Background
In April 2003, Daniel Watson and his wife, Ketwarin Onnum, financed the
purchase of a home by executing a promissory note payable to ABN AMRO
Mortgage Inc. and a companion deed of trust. Through various mergers and
business transactions, CitiMortgage acquired the note and a beneficial interest
under the deed of trust. It later appointed NWTS as successor trustee.
On February 5, 2011, NWTS sent the Watsons a notice of default. On
March 22, 2011, NWTS recorded a notice of trustee's sale, with the sale
scheduled for June 24, 2011. On June 20, 2011, the Watsons filed for
bankruptcy, which caused the trustee sale to be postponed and then canceled.
On July 22, 2011, the FFA amended the deeds of trust act, chapter 61.24
RCW (DTA).1 Among other changes, the FFA changed the requirements for
preforeclosure notice2 and allowed recovery of damages for violations of the
CPA.3
On September 22, 2011, the bankruptcy court discharged the Watsons'
debts, including the note. On November 8, 2011, NWTS recorded an amended
notice of trustee's sale, with a new sale date of December 23, 2011. NWTS
mailed a copy of the notice by certified and first class mail to the Watsons and
1 RCW61.24.005-.177 (Laws of 2011, ch. 364, § 3). 2 RCW 61.24.030, .031, .040. 3 RCW 61.24.135. No. 69352-2-1 / 3
posted a copy of the notice at the premises. NWTS did not send a new notice of
default or otherwise contact the Watsons before recording this notice.4 A third
party purchased the Watsons' house at a trustee's sale on December 23, 2011.
The trustee's deed recorded by NWTS on January 10, 2012, referred to the
March 22, 2011, notice of trustee's sale, which described the notice of the sale
that was ultimately canceled, but did not mention the notice recorded November
8,2011.
The Watsons filed a lawsuit against NWTS and CitiMortgage, alleging
wrongful foreclosure and to quiet title. They later amended the complaint to
include additional claims for violation of the CPA. The amended complaint also
added National Legal Help Center as a defendant. NWTS and CitiMortgage filed
an amended joint motion for summary judgment. The court dismissed all claims
against CitiMortage and requested additional briefing on the claims against
NWTS, which the parties provided. The trial court dismissed the Watsons' CPA
claim, but not their claim for wrongful foreclosure for failure to comply with the
FFA.
Both NWTS and the Watsons seek discretionary review.
Analysis
Discretionary review is available in the following circumstances:
4 The Watsons attempted to seek legal help by contacting a California entity called the "National Legal Help Center," but this entity is apparently not an attorney or counsel approved by HUD (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development), and contrary to its representations to the Watsons, it did not stop the foreclosure. No. 69352-2-1/4
(1) The superior court has committed an obvious error which would render further proceedings useless;
(2) The superior court has committed probable error and the decision of the superior court substantially alters the status quo or substantially limits the freedom of a party to act;
(3) The superior court has so far departed from the accepted and usual course of judicial proceedings, or so far sanctioned such a departure by an inferior court or administrative agency, as to call for review by the appellate court; or
(4) The superior court has certified, or all the parties to the litigation have stipulated, that the order involves a controlling question of law as to which there is substantial ground for a difference of opinion and that immediate review of the order may materially advance the ultimate termination of the litigation.151 NWTS contends that by denying its motion for summary judgment as to
the wrongful foreclosure claim, the trial court "committed an obvious error which
would render further proceedings useless." The Watsons argue that the court
committed error warranting review by dismissing their CPA claims.
Wrongful Foreclosure under the FFA
The trial court denied NWTS's motion to dismiss the Watsons' wrongful
foreclosure claims on two alternative grounds. First, the court ruled that the FFA
is a remedial statute and, as such, should be applied retroactively. Alternatively,
the trial court ruled that it did not need to apply the FFA retroactively because the
"precipitating event" triggering the statute's application was not the February
2011 notice of default but the amended notice of trustee's sale, recorded in
November 2011, after the effective date of the FFA.
RAP 2.3(b). No. 69352-2-1 / 5
Courts presume that statutory amendments operate prospectively and
generally disfavor retroactive application because "'individuals should have an
opportunity to know what the law is and to conform their conduct accordingly.'"6 A statute applies retroactively if it changes the legal effect of "'prior facts or
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DANIEL J. WATSON and KETWARIN No. 69352-2-I ONNUM, husband and wife, DIVISION ONE Respondents, ORDER GRANTING MOTION v. TO PUBLISH OPINION
NORTHWEST TRUSTEE SERVICES, INC., C=3
Petitioner, IK —>_. 3S» zo o-~ T,^--,.. CITIMORTGAGE, INC.; NATIONAL CO
LEGAL HELP CENTER, INC.; and S>~g-„,, 3»>
JOHN DOES 1-10, ~'cp Defendants.
The respondents, Daniel J. Watson and Ketwarin Onnum, having filed a motion
to publish opinion, and the hearing panel having reconsidered its prior determination
and finding that the opinion will be of precedential value; now, therefore it is hereby:
ORDERED that the unpublished opinion filed January 21, 2014, shall be
published and printed in the Washington Appellate Reports.
DATED this Ifl^davof MflrcVl .2014. For the Court:
Judge lj Cr>':U\ HI- Am.? u> niv t c uiv i STATE Or ViASHJHGfO!-;
2QIUAH21 PH Is 26
DANIEL J. WATSON and KETWARIN No. 69352-2- ONNUM, husband and wife, DIVISION ONE Respondents, PUBLISHED OPINION v.
NORTHWEST TRUSTEE SERVICES, INC., FILED: January 21, 2014 Petitioner,
CITIMORTGAGE, INC.; NATIONAL LEGAL HELP CENTER, INC.; and JOHN DOES 1-10,
Defendants.
Leach, C.J. — Northwest Trustee Services Inc. (NWTS) seeks
discretionary review of the superior court's denial of NWTS's motion for
summary dismissal of the claim by Daniel Watson and Ketwarin Onnum (the
Watsons) for damages allegedly caused by NWTS's breach of the foreclosure
fairness act, chapter 61.24 RCW (FFA). The Watsons cross petition, seeking
review of the superior court's dismissal of their claims under the Consumer
Protection Act, chapter 19.86 RCW (CPA). Because the trial court committed
probable error and substantially altered the status quo when it dismissed the
Watsons' CPA claims, we grant the Watsons' petition and reverse the trial court's
decision. Because the trial court did not commit error when it denied NWTS's No. 69352-2-1 / 2
motion for summary dismissal of the Watsons' FFA claims, we deny NWTS's
petition.
Background
In April 2003, Daniel Watson and his wife, Ketwarin Onnum, financed the
purchase of a home by executing a promissory note payable to ABN AMRO
Mortgage Inc. and a companion deed of trust. Through various mergers and
business transactions, CitiMortgage acquired the note and a beneficial interest
under the deed of trust. It later appointed NWTS as successor trustee.
On February 5, 2011, NWTS sent the Watsons a notice of default. On
March 22, 2011, NWTS recorded a notice of trustee's sale, with the sale
scheduled for June 24, 2011. On June 20, 2011, the Watsons filed for
bankruptcy, which caused the trustee sale to be postponed and then canceled.
On July 22, 2011, the FFA amended the deeds of trust act, chapter 61.24
RCW (DTA).1 Among other changes, the FFA changed the requirements for
preforeclosure notice2 and allowed recovery of damages for violations of the
CPA.3
On September 22, 2011, the bankruptcy court discharged the Watsons'
debts, including the note. On November 8, 2011, NWTS recorded an amended
notice of trustee's sale, with a new sale date of December 23, 2011. NWTS
mailed a copy of the notice by certified and first class mail to the Watsons and
1 RCW61.24.005-.177 (Laws of 2011, ch. 364, § 3). 2 RCW 61.24.030, .031, .040. 3 RCW 61.24.135. No. 69352-2-1 / 3
posted a copy of the notice at the premises. NWTS did not send a new notice of
default or otherwise contact the Watsons before recording this notice.4 A third
party purchased the Watsons' house at a trustee's sale on December 23, 2011.
The trustee's deed recorded by NWTS on January 10, 2012, referred to the
March 22, 2011, notice of trustee's sale, which described the notice of the sale
that was ultimately canceled, but did not mention the notice recorded November
8,2011.
The Watsons filed a lawsuit against NWTS and CitiMortgage, alleging
wrongful foreclosure and to quiet title. They later amended the complaint to
include additional claims for violation of the CPA. The amended complaint also
added National Legal Help Center as a defendant. NWTS and CitiMortgage filed
an amended joint motion for summary judgment. The court dismissed all claims
against CitiMortage and requested additional briefing on the claims against
NWTS, which the parties provided. The trial court dismissed the Watsons' CPA
claim, but not their claim for wrongful foreclosure for failure to comply with the
FFA.
Both NWTS and the Watsons seek discretionary review.
Analysis
Discretionary review is available in the following circumstances:
4 The Watsons attempted to seek legal help by contacting a California entity called the "National Legal Help Center," but this entity is apparently not an attorney or counsel approved by HUD (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development), and contrary to its representations to the Watsons, it did not stop the foreclosure. No. 69352-2-1/4
(1) The superior court has committed an obvious error which would render further proceedings useless;
(2) The superior court has committed probable error and the decision of the superior court substantially alters the status quo or substantially limits the freedom of a party to act;
(3) The superior court has so far departed from the accepted and usual course of judicial proceedings, or so far sanctioned such a departure by an inferior court or administrative agency, as to call for review by the appellate court; or
(4) The superior court has certified, or all the parties to the litigation have stipulated, that the order involves a controlling question of law as to which there is substantial ground for a difference of opinion and that immediate review of the order may materially advance the ultimate termination of the litigation.151 NWTS contends that by denying its motion for summary judgment as to
the wrongful foreclosure claim, the trial court "committed an obvious error which
would render further proceedings useless." The Watsons argue that the court
committed error warranting review by dismissing their CPA claims.
Wrongful Foreclosure under the FFA
The trial court denied NWTS's motion to dismiss the Watsons' wrongful
foreclosure claims on two alternative grounds. First, the court ruled that the FFA
is a remedial statute and, as such, should be applied retroactively. Alternatively,
the trial court ruled that it did not need to apply the FFA retroactively because the
"precipitating event" triggering the statute's application was not the February
2011 notice of default but the amended notice of trustee's sale, recorded in
November 2011, after the effective date of the FFA.
RAP 2.3(b). No. 69352-2-1 / 5
Courts presume that statutory amendments operate prospectively and
generally disfavor retroactive application because "'individuals should have an
opportunity to know what the law is and to conform their conduct accordingly.'"6 A statute applies retroactively if it changes the legal effect of "'prior facts or
transactions"'7 or "'attaches new legal consequences to events completed before
its enactment.'"8 But a statute does not apply retroactively "merely because it is
applied in a case arising from conduct antedating the statute's enactment or
upsets expectations based in prior law."9 "A statute operates prospectively when the precipitating event for operation of the statute occurs after enactment, even
when the precipitating event originated in a situation existing prior to
enactment."10
NWTS argues that under the FFA, the preforeclosure requirements are
linked to the original notice of default sent in February 2011, before the FFA took
effect. NWTS contends that the process that culminated in the trustee's sale was
one continuous transaction. Therefore the trial court erred by applying the July
2011 FFA amendments to the sale process.
6 Loeffelholz v. Univ. of Wash., 175 Wn.2d 264, 272, 285 P.3d 854 (2012) (quoting Landqrafv. USI Film Prods., 511 U.S. 244, 265, 114 S. Ct. 1483, 128 L Ed. 2d 229 (1994)); In re Pers. Restraint of Flint, 174 Wn.2d 539, 546, 277 P.3d 657(2012). 7 Flint, 174 Wn.2d at 547 (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting State v. Varna, 151 Wn.2d 179, 195, 86 P.3d 139 (2004)). ""Flint. 174 Wn.2d at 548 (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting State v. Pillatos. 159Wn.2d459.471, 150 P.3d 1130 (2007)). ^Tandgraf, 511 U.S. at 269 (citation omitted). 10 In re Estate of Burns, 131 Wn.2d 104, 110-11, 928 P.2d 1094 (1997). No. 69352-2-1 / 6
Because the DTA eliminates many protections enjoyed by borrowers
under judicial foreclosures, "lenders must strictly comply with the statutes and
courts must strictly construe the statutes in the borrower's favor."11 Under the
FFA it "shall be requisite to a trustee's sale" that a written notice of default
containing specific information set forth in the statute first be transmitted by the
beneficiary or the trustee to the borrower.12 A trustee, beneficiary, or authorized
agent may not issue this notice of default until 30 days after satisfying certain due
diligence requirements.13 The beneficiary or agent first must send a letter that
includes information such as the borrower's right to meet with a HUD-approved
housing counselor or attorney who can help with mediation, assist in arranging a
meeting with the lender, or work toward a resolution such as a loan
modification.14 This "Pre-Foreclosure Options Letter" or a "Notice of Pre-
Foreclosure Options" must provide toll-free numbers to help borrowers find HUD-
approved housing counselors or civil legal aid resources.15
Where the filing of a bankruptcy court petition has stayed a trustee's sale,
the trustee may set and give notice of a new sale date not less than 45 days after
the date of the bankruptcy court order permitting the sale.16 RCW 61.24.130(5)
through (6) allow a trustee's sale "on any date to which such sale has been
11 Albice v. Premier Mortq. Servs. of Wash., Inc., 174 Wn.2d 560, 567, 276 P.3d 1277 (2012). 12 RCW 61.24.030(8). 13 RCW 61.24.031 (1)(a), (5). 14 RCW 61.24.031 (1)(c)(iii), (iv), (f), (2)-(4). 15RCW61.24.031(1)(c)(ii). 16 RCW 61.24.130(4). No. 69352-2-1 / 7
properly continued in accordance with RCW 61.24.040(6)." This statute allows a
trustee to continue the sale for a period or periods not exceeding a total of 120
days.17
NWTS claims its original March 22, 2011, notice of trustee's sale fulfilled
its obligations under the DTA. But this notice described a sale scheduled for
June 24, 2011. NWTS first continued and ultimately canceled this sale. RCW
61.24.040(6) allowed continuance of the June 24, 2011, sale date for no more
than 120 days, or until October 22, 2011.18 After that date, the DTA required a new notice. Therefore, although NWTS labeled its second notice an "amended"
notice of trustee's sale, this notice necessarily scheduled a new sale. Because
NWTS recorded the "amended" notice in November 2011, the notice
requirements of the FFA applied.
Because NWTS failed to comply with the FFA's notice requirements
before recording its November 2011 notice of trustee's sale, the Watsons have
demonstrated issues of material fact regarding the lawfulness of NWTS's
nonjudicial sale of the Watsons' property. NWTS has failed to establish grounds
for discretionary review. We dismiss its petition for review.
Violation of the CPA
We next address the Watsons' petition for review. Because the trial court
committed probable error and substantially altered the status quo when it
17 RCW 61.24.040(6). 18 See Rouse v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.. No. C13-5706, 2013 WL 5488817, at *2 (W.D. Wash. Oct. 2, 2013). No. 69352-2-1 / 8
dismissed the Watsons' CPA claims, we grant the Watsons' petition and reverse
the trial court's dismissal of this claim.
The FFA states in a section added in 2011,
It is an unfair or deceptive act in trade or commerce and an unfair method of competition in violation of the consumer protection act, chapter 19.86 RCW, for any person or entity to: (a) Violate the duty of good faith under RCW 61.24.163; (b) fail to comply with the requirements of RCW 61.24.174; or (c) fail to initiate contact with a borrower and exercise due diligence as required under RCW 61.24.031.l19]
Relying on its retroactivity analysis, the trial court ruled that "creation of a
new cause of action (a per se violation of the Consumer Protection Act) affects a
substantive right and therefore the FFA is not retroactive with respect to the
Consumer Protection Act claim." Because we conclude that the FFA applied to
NWTS's November 2011 notice, we also conclude that the FFA provisions
addressing the CPA apply. The trial court erred and substantially altered the
status quo when it dismissed the Watsons' CPA claims. We reverse the trial
court's dismissal of the Watsons' CPA claims and remand for further
proceedings.
Conclusion
Because the trial court did not commit error when it denied NWTS's
motion for summary dismissal of the Watsons' FFA claims, we deny NWTS's
petition. Because the trial court committed probable error and substantially
altered the status quo when it dismissed the Watsons' CPA claims, we grant the
19 RCW 61.24.135(2) (Laws of 2011, ch. 58, §14). No. 69352-2-1 / 9
Watsons' petition, reverse the trial court's dismissal of their CPA claims, and
remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
/^^^, C . WE CONCUR:
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