NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-5126-18T2
D'ANDREA CONSTRUCTION CO., CERTAIN UNDERWRITERS AT LLOYD'S OF LONDON SUBSCRIBING TO POLICY NUMBER 576/UH7317100, AND ASPEN INSURANCE UK LIMITED,
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
OLD REPUBLIC GENERAL INSURANCE CORP., PENNSYLVANIA MUTUAL CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY, a/k/a and d/b/a PENN NATIONAL, 21ST CENTURY PINNACLE INSURANCE CO., f/k/a AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW JERSEY, NATIONAL UNION FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF PITTSBURGH, PA, NORTH RIVER INSURANCE COMPANY, EVEREST NATIONAL INSURANCE CO.,
Defendants-Respondents. ________________________________ Argued September 23, 2020 – Decided November 4, 2020
Before Judges Fuentes, Whipple and Rose.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Bergen County, Docket No. L-0023-13.
Todd A. Rossman argued the cause for appellants (Rossman Law Firm, LLC, attorneys; Todd A. Rossman, of counsel and on the briefs).
Gary S. Kull argued the cause for respondents (Kennedys CMK, LLP, attorneys; Gary S. Kull and Alexa J. Nasta Schmid, of counsel and on the brief).
PER CURIAM
Plaintiffs D'Andrea Construction Company (D'Andrea), Certain
Underwriters at Lloyd's of London (Lloyd's) and Aspen Insurance UK Limited
(Aspen) appeal from a March 26, 2019, order denying their motion for summary
judgment and granting defendant Everest National Insurance Company's
(Everest) cross-motion for summary judgment. The issue in dispute is whether
Everest is responsible for the costs of defense and indemnification of a
settlement for a personal injury claim. We affirm for the reasons expressed by
Judge Mary Thurber in her thorough written opinion analyzing the relevant
automobile insurance policy, and her factual findings, which are supported by
the record.
A-5126-18T2 2 D'Andrea was the general contractor for a construction project at
Cumberland Regional High School. D'Andrea retained Thomas Lindstrom Steel
& Company (Lindstrom) as a steel subcontractor for the project. On August 19,
2008, Craig Crumley, a Lindstrom employee, was injured at the job site during
an accident after Martin Bianco, another Lindstrom employee, arrived driving a
Lindstrom flatbed truck loaded with two welding machines, one new welder on
the truck's flatbed, and another attached to a hitch in the back of the truck.
Bianco was delivering two new welding machines to the site and retrieving two
old machines to return to Lindstrom and needed help loading and unloading the
welders.
Bianco drove the truck to where one of the old welders was to be swapped
with a new welder. Bianco and Crumley dropped off the new welder that was
attached to the truck and placed the old welder on the hitch without incident.
Bianco then tried to drive to the other old welder, but the ground was too
rough and there wasn't enough room for the truck. Crumley asked a D'Andrea
employee, Paul Monitzer, to assist with the removal of the welders using a
backhoe. Bianco moved the truck to level ground where the second new welder
could be removed. Monitzer, using the backhoe, took the new welder and
transported it across the uneven terrain where the truck could not go to the
A-5126-18T2 3 second old welder. Once the new welder was placed, Crumley set up the old
welder to be moved. Monitzer then used the backhoe to lift the old welder,
weighing approximately 700 pounds, off the ground, while Crumley held a chain
to prevent the welder from swinging. As Monitzer and Crumley were traveling
toward the Lindstrom truck, Monitzer's backhoe struck Crumley's foot and leg,
causing injuries.
In 2009, Crumley filed a lawsuit against D'Andrea, Monitzer, and various
fictitious individuals and corporations. ACE American Insurance Company
(ACE) insured D'Andrea under a primary Comprehensive General Liability
Policy and defended both D'Andrea and Monitzer against the lawsuit. The
excess policy was provided by plaintiffs Lloyd's and Aspen. In 2012, ACE,
Lloyd's and Aspen agreed to settle Crumley's claims for $5,800,000.
On December 31, 2012, D'Andrea, Lloyd's and Aspen filed a complaint
for declaratory judgment against four of D'Andrea's and Lindstrom's auto
insurers, seeking reimbursement for the monies contributed to Crumley's
settlement. Everest was not named as a defendant until December 2015, more
than seven years after the accident, almost four years after settlement, and three
years after plaintiffs filed this most recent declaratory judgment action.
Plaintiffs settled the declaratory judgment action with Everest's co-defendants,
A-5126-18T2 4 including one of Lindstrom's other auto insurers, Old Republic General
Insurance Corp., which agreed to pay $1,000,000.
Thereafter, plaintiffs and Everest filed cross-motions for summary
judgment, and in December 2018, the motions were argued before Judge
Thurber. On March 26, 2019, she entered orders denying plaintiffs' motion for
summary judgment, thereby dismissing plaintiffs' complaint with prejudice. She
found plaintiff D'Andrea was not insured under the Everest policy and Everest
was not given timely notice of the claim. Plaintiffs filed a motion fo r
reconsideration, and on July 12, 2019, the judge denied that motion. This appeal
followed.
When reviewing an order granting summary judgment, we apply "the
same standard as the trial court." Templo Fuente De Vida Corp. v. Nat'l Union
Fire Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh, 224 N.J. 189, 199 (2016). R. 4:46-2(c). We owe no
special deference to the trial court's conclusions on issues of law. Manalapan
Realty, L.P. v. Twp. Comm. of Twp. of Manalapan, 140 N.J. 366, 378 (1995).
"We apply a de novo standard of review when evaluating whether summary
judgment was proper." Simonetti v. Selective Ins. Co., 372 N.J. Super. 421, 427
(App. Div. 2004).
A-5126-18T2 5 On appeal, plaintiffs contend Judge Thurber erred when she found
Crumley was not using an Everest-insured vehicle when the accident occurred,
and they assert error in the court's ruling that their claims were barred due to
their late notice to Everest.
Plaintiffs argue that Crumley should be afforded additional insured status
under the Everest policy because he was using the Lindstrom truck to load and
unload the welders. They argue Crumley's injury happened during an essential
part of the task, and that therefore the completed operations doctrine applies
because the task required loading and unloading welders.
New Jersey "courts have long recognized 'that the obligation to provide
coverage in a loading and unloading accident arises from statute and therefore
cannot be limited by contract.'" Potenzone v. Annin Flag Co., 191 N.J. 147,
152-53 (2007) (first quoting Ryder/P.I.E. Nationwide, Inc. v. Harbor Bay Corp.,
Inc., 119 N.J. 402, 407 (1990); then citing Bellafronte v. Gen. Motors Corp.,
151 N.J. Super. 377 (App. Div. 1977)). Because New Jersey courts look to the
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NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-5126-18T2
D'ANDREA CONSTRUCTION CO., CERTAIN UNDERWRITERS AT LLOYD'S OF LONDON SUBSCRIBING TO POLICY NUMBER 576/UH7317100, AND ASPEN INSURANCE UK LIMITED,
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
OLD REPUBLIC GENERAL INSURANCE CORP., PENNSYLVANIA MUTUAL CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY, a/k/a and d/b/a PENN NATIONAL, 21ST CENTURY PINNACLE INSURANCE CO., f/k/a AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW JERSEY, NATIONAL UNION FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF PITTSBURGH, PA, NORTH RIVER INSURANCE COMPANY, EVEREST NATIONAL INSURANCE CO.,
Defendants-Respondents. ________________________________ Argued September 23, 2020 – Decided November 4, 2020
Before Judges Fuentes, Whipple and Rose.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Bergen County, Docket No. L-0023-13.
Todd A. Rossman argued the cause for appellants (Rossman Law Firm, LLC, attorneys; Todd A. Rossman, of counsel and on the briefs).
Gary S. Kull argued the cause for respondents (Kennedys CMK, LLP, attorneys; Gary S. Kull and Alexa J. Nasta Schmid, of counsel and on the brief).
PER CURIAM
Plaintiffs D'Andrea Construction Company (D'Andrea), Certain
Underwriters at Lloyd's of London (Lloyd's) and Aspen Insurance UK Limited
(Aspen) appeal from a March 26, 2019, order denying their motion for summary
judgment and granting defendant Everest National Insurance Company's
(Everest) cross-motion for summary judgment. The issue in dispute is whether
Everest is responsible for the costs of defense and indemnification of a
settlement for a personal injury claim. We affirm for the reasons expressed by
Judge Mary Thurber in her thorough written opinion analyzing the relevant
automobile insurance policy, and her factual findings, which are supported by
the record.
A-5126-18T2 2 D'Andrea was the general contractor for a construction project at
Cumberland Regional High School. D'Andrea retained Thomas Lindstrom Steel
& Company (Lindstrom) as a steel subcontractor for the project. On August 19,
2008, Craig Crumley, a Lindstrom employee, was injured at the job site during
an accident after Martin Bianco, another Lindstrom employee, arrived driving a
Lindstrom flatbed truck loaded with two welding machines, one new welder on
the truck's flatbed, and another attached to a hitch in the back of the truck.
Bianco was delivering two new welding machines to the site and retrieving two
old machines to return to Lindstrom and needed help loading and unloading the
welders.
Bianco drove the truck to where one of the old welders was to be swapped
with a new welder. Bianco and Crumley dropped off the new welder that was
attached to the truck and placed the old welder on the hitch without incident.
Bianco then tried to drive to the other old welder, but the ground was too
rough and there wasn't enough room for the truck. Crumley asked a D'Andrea
employee, Paul Monitzer, to assist with the removal of the welders using a
backhoe. Bianco moved the truck to level ground where the second new welder
could be removed. Monitzer, using the backhoe, took the new welder and
transported it across the uneven terrain where the truck could not go to the
A-5126-18T2 3 second old welder. Once the new welder was placed, Crumley set up the old
welder to be moved. Monitzer then used the backhoe to lift the old welder,
weighing approximately 700 pounds, off the ground, while Crumley held a chain
to prevent the welder from swinging. As Monitzer and Crumley were traveling
toward the Lindstrom truck, Monitzer's backhoe struck Crumley's foot and leg,
causing injuries.
In 2009, Crumley filed a lawsuit against D'Andrea, Monitzer, and various
fictitious individuals and corporations. ACE American Insurance Company
(ACE) insured D'Andrea under a primary Comprehensive General Liability
Policy and defended both D'Andrea and Monitzer against the lawsuit. The
excess policy was provided by plaintiffs Lloyd's and Aspen. In 2012, ACE,
Lloyd's and Aspen agreed to settle Crumley's claims for $5,800,000.
On December 31, 2012, D'Andrea, Lloyd's and Aspen filed a complaint
for declaratory judgment against four of D'Andrea's and Lindstrom's auto
insurers, seeking reimbursement for the monies contributed to Crumley's
settlement. Everest was not named as a defendant until December 2015, more
than seven years after the accident, almost four years after settlement, and three
years after plaintiffs filed this most recent declaratory judgment action.
Plaintiffs settled the declaratory judgment action with Everest's co-defendants,
A-5126-18T2 4 including one of Lindstrom's other auto insurers, Old Republic General
Insurance Corp., which agreed to pay $1,000,000.
Thereafter, plaintiffs and Everest filed cross-motions for summary
judgment, and in December 2018, the motions were argued before Judge
Thurber. On March 26, 2019, she entered orders denying plaintiffs' motion for
summary judgment, thereby dismissing plaintiffs' complaint with prejudice. She
found plaintiff D'Andrea was not insured under the Everest policy and Everest
was not given timely notice of the claim. Plaintiffs filed a motion fo r
reconsideration, and on July 12, 2019, the judge denied that motion. This appeal
followed.
When reviewing an order granting summary judgment, we apply "the
same standard as the trial court." Templo Fuente De Vida Corp. v. Nat'l Union
Fire Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh, 224 N.J. 189, 199 (2016). R. 4:46-2(c). We owe no
special deference to the trial court's conclusions on issues of law. Manalapan
Realty, L.P. v. Twp. Comm. of Twp. of Manalapan, 140 N.J. 366, 378 (1995).
"We apply a de novo standard of review when evaluating whether summary
judgment was proper." Simonetti v. Selective Ins. Co., 372 N.J. Super. 421, 427
(App. Div. 2004).
A-5126-18T2 5 On appeal, plaintiffs contend Judge Thurber erred when she found
Crumley was not using an Everest-insured vehicle when the accident occurred,
and they assert error in the court's ruling that their claims were barred due to
their late notice to Everest.
Plaintiffs argue that Crumley should be afforded additional insured status
under the Everest policy because he was using the Lindstrom truck to load and
unload the welders. They argue Crumley's injury happened during an essential
part of the task, and that therefore the completed operations doctrine applies
because the task required loading and unloading welders.
New Jersey "courts have long recognized 'that the obligation to provide
coverage in a loading and unloading accident arises from statute and therefore
cannot be limited by contract.'" Potenzone v. Annin Flag Co., 191 N.J. 147,
152-53 (2007) (first quoting Ryder/P.I.E. Nationwide, Inc. v. Harbor Bay Corp.,
Inc., 119 N.J. 402, 407 (1990); then citing Bellafronte v. Gen. Motors Corp.,
151 N.J. Super. 377 (App. Div. 1977)). Because New Jersey courts look to the
"complete operation" of loading and unloading, "all that is required to establish
coverage is that the act or omission which resulted in the injury was necessary
to carry out the loading or unloading." Kennedy v. Jefferson Smurfit Co. &
Container Corp. of Am., 147 N.J. 394, 396 (1997). "[T]he critical issue is
A-5126-18T2 6 whether" defendants' alleged acts or omissions were "an integral part of the
[un]loading activity, and thus covered under the 'use' provision." Id. at 401.
Here, the pivotal question in this case is whether a substantial nexus exists
between Crumley's injury and the use of the Lindstrom truck. After conducting
a comprehensive survey and analysis of cases examining "loading and
unloading," Judge Thurber decided the issue based on credible testimony that
the condition of the work site was the reason the backhoe struck Crumley. The
court observed:
It was D'Andrea's decision, again, to dangle that 700 pound welder from a backhoe while crossing rough and uneven terrain, known by Monitzer to be marred by ruts and divots, crossing an area somewhere between 150 and 500 feet, in order to get the welder to a location, on property under D'Andrea's control, from which it could be loaded onto the Lindstrom trailer.
Based on this finding, Judge Thurber properly concluded there was no
substantial nexus, and she did not err in granting Everest's motion for summary
judgment.
Plaintiffs also argue the trial court erred in holding their claims are barred
due to untimely notice because the statute of limitations for this contractual
claim had not run. We reject that argument.
A-5126-18T2 7 In Cooper v. Government Employees Insurance Co., 51 N.J. 86 (1968),
the Supreme Court held that a breach of an insurance policy's notice provision
will only result in a sustainable denial of coverage upon a demonstration of a
likelihood of appreciable prejudice. Id. at 94. Everest was not named as a
defendant potentially liable for the defense and indemnity of Crumley's claim
until more than seven years after the accident, almost four years after settlement,
and three years after plaintiffs filed this declaratory judgment action. We agree
Everest was prejudiced by the delay in notification. The trial court found ACE,
Lloyd's and Aspen had no motive to develop proofs that would defeat a loading
and unloading claim, and that although Everest was able to depose Monitzer in
2016, he acknowledged that his memory of the event was not as clear as it had
been in 2010. Based upon the record, the trial court did not err in finding that
Everest was prejudiced by the late notification.
Plaintiffs' remaining arguments are without sufficient merit to warrant
discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).
Affirmed.
A-5126-18T2 8