Opinion by
Judge Barry,
Claimant, Malcolm Gearhart, was employed by petitioner, Dana Corporation (employer), on December 30, 1983, when he suffered an injury after his work shift had ended. He had completed his shift at 3:00 p.m. and was walking through employers parking lot on the way to his car which was parked in the street when he stopped to assist a co-worker who was having trouble getting his car started. Claimant was struck by the coworker’s car when it unexpectedly moved backwards as claimant was positioning himself to help push it forward. Claimant suffered disabling injuries as a result of this accident.
Claimant filed a workmen’s compensation petition and was granted benefits. Employer appealed to the Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board which affirmed the referee’s decision and appeal to this Court followed. The issue before this Court is whether claimant was in
the course of employment when he was injured. We hold that he was not.
The relevant portion of The Fennsylvania Workmens Compensation Act in this situation is Section 301(c)(1),
which reads in pertinent part:
The term ‘injury arising in the course of his employment,’ . . . shall include all other injuries sustained while the employe is actually engaged in the furtherance of the business or affairs of the employer, whether upon the employer’s premises or elsewhere, and shall include all injuries caused by the condition of the premises or by the operation of the employer’s business or affairs thereon, sustained by the employe, who, though not so engaged, is injured upon the premises occupied by or under the control of the employer, or upon which the employer’s business or affairs are being carried on, the employe’s presence thereon being required by the nature of his employment.
Since claimant was not engaged in the furtherance of the business or affairs of the employer, he must satisfy three conditions under the statute in order for his injury to be in the course of employment. The statute requires that (1) the injury occurred .on the employer’s premises, (2) the employee’s presence thereon was required by the nature of his employment, and (3) the injury was caused by the condition of the premises or by the operation of the employer’s business thereon. Claimant’s injury does not satisfy the second and third conditions outlined above. At the time he was injured,
his presence on the employers premises was not required by the nature of his employment since he voluntarily stopped to assist his co-worker and was thus on the premises longer than he normally would have been. The condition of the premises or the operation of the employers business did not cause the car to move backwards and, therefore, did not cause the injury.
We have analyzed the present case under the applicable statute and we will now examine the case law interpreting that statute. Claimant places great weight on
Epler v. North American Rockwell Corp.,
482 Pa. 391, 393 A.2d 1163 (1978), a Pennsylvania Supreme Court case in which a workmens compensation award of death benefits was upheld where claimants decedent was struck and killed by an automobile while crossing a public street to the employers parking lot after work. The main issue in
Epler
was whether the employee was on the employers premises when the accident took place. This is not an issue in the present case. Claimant, however, cites
Epler
for language to the effect that an injury to an employee on the premises of the employer which occurs reasonably proximate to work hours is compensable. The Supreme Court stated this principle in response to the argument that an injury must occur during actual working hours, and we do not believe it was intended to alter the requirements for an on the premises injury under the statute. Although the Supreme Court did not address the condition of the premises issue, we note that the danger inherent in crossing a public street can be a condition of the premises where a street is held to be part of the premises.
The following Commonwealth Court cases illustrate the application of the statutory requirements. In
Workmens Compensation Appeal Board (Slaugenhaupt) v. United States Steel Corp.,
31 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 329, 376 A.2d 271 (1977), a widow recovered death
benefits when her husband had an epileptic seizure while driving through his employers parking lot on the way to work and was killed when his car struck a concrete abutment. The concrete abutment was a condition of the premises which contributed to the employees death.
In
Port Authority of Allegheny County v. Workmens Compensation Appeal Board (D'Agostino),
66 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 393, 444 A.2d 837 (1982), benefits were awarded to the widow of an employee who suffered a fatal heart attack while shovelling snow from around his car in the employers parking lot. The court in
Port Authority
held that the snow was a condition of the premises which necessitated the exertion which led to the employees heart attack.
It was held in
Pypers v. Workmens Compensation Appeal Board (Baker),
105 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 448, 524 A.2d 1046 (1987), that an employee could not recover benefits because her presence on the premises was not required by the nature of her employment. A restaurant was the premises in that case. When the employee was finished with her work shift she remained at the restaurant to socialize. When she finally did leave the premises she slipped on the ice in the employers parking lot and injured herself. The court held that she had left the course of her employment.
Newhouse v. Workmens Compensation Appeal Board (Harris Cleaning Services, Inc.),
109 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 96, 530 A.2d 545 (1987), presented a case where an employee was riding on the hood of a co-workers car as it travelled along an access road coming from the employers premises. The driver of the car was forced to make an unexpected turn when he came to an exit gate which was closed. The employee was thrown from the car and injured. The court held that
the closed gate was a condition of the premises which caused the injury and upheld an award of benefits.
The most difficult case to distinguish is
Carl v. Workmens Compensation Appeal Board (G.H. Delp Co.),
79 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 332, 469 A.2d 347 (1984), because of the factual similarities with the present case. The claimant in
Carl
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
Opinion by
Judge Barry,
Claimant, Malcolm Gearhart, was employed by petitioner, Dana Corporation (employer), on December 30, 1983, when he suffered an injury after his work shift had ended. He had completed his shift at 3:00 p.m. and was walking through employers parking lot on the way to his car which was parked in the street when he stopped to assist a co-worker who was having trouble getting his car started. Claimant was struck by the coworker’s car when it unexpectedly moved backwards as claimant was positioning himself to help push it forward. Claimant suffered disabling injuries as a result of this accident.
Claimant filed a workmen’s compensation petition and was granted benefits. Employer appealed to the Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board which affirmed the referee’s decision and appeal to this Court followed. The issue before this Court is whether claimant was in
the course of employment when he was injured. We hold that he was not.
The relevant portion of The Fennsylvania Workmens Compensation Act in this situation is Section 301(c)(1),
which reads in pertinent part:
The term ‘injury arising in the course of his employment,’ . . . shall include all other injuries sustained while the employe is actually engaged in the furtherance of the business or affairs of the employer, whether upon the employer’s premises or elsewhere, and shall include all injuries caused by the condition of the premises or by the operation of the employer’s business or affairs thereon, sustained by the employe, who, though not so engaged, is injured upon the premises occupied by or under the control of the employer, or upon which the employer’s business or affairs are being carried on, the employe’s presence thereon being required by the nature of his employment.
Since claimant was not engaged in the furtherance of the business or affairs of the employer, he must satisfy three conditions under the statute in order for his injury to be in the course of employment. The statute requires that (1) the injury occurred .on the employer’s premises, (2) the employee’s presence thereon was required by the nature of his employment, and (3) the injury was caused by the condition of the premises or by the operation of the employer’s business thereon. Claimant’s injury does not satisfy the second and third conditions outlined above. At the time he was injured,
his presence on the employers premises was not required by the nature of his employment since he voluntarily stopped to assist his co-worker and was thus on the premises longer than he normally would have been. The condition of the premises or the operation of the employers business did not cause the car to move backwards and, therefore, did not cause the injury.
We have analyzed the present case under the applicable statute and we will now examine the case law interpreting that statute. Claimant places great weight on
Epler v. North American Rockwell Corp.,
482 Pa. 391, 393 A.2d 1163 (1978), a Pennsylvania Supreme Court case in which a workmens compensation award of death benefits was upheld where claimants decedent was struck and killed by an automobile while crossing a public street to the employers parking lot after work. The main issue in
Epler
was whether the employee was on the employers premises when the accident took place. This is not an issue in the present case. Claimant, however, cites
Epler
for language to the effect that an injury to an employee on the premises of the employer which occurs reasonably proximate to work hours is compensable. The Supreme Court stated this principle in response to the argument that an injury must occur during actual working hours, and we do not believe it was intended to alter the requirements for an on the premises injury under the statute. Although the Supreme Court did not address the condition of the premises issue, we note that the danger inherent in crossing a public street can be a condition of the premises where a street is held to be part of the premises.
The following Commonwealth Court cases illustrate the application of the statutory requirements. In
Workmens Compensation Appeal Board (Slaugenhaupt) v. United States Steel Corp.,
31 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 329, 376 A.2d 271 (1977), a widow recovered death
benefits when her husband had an epileptic seizure while driving through his employers parking lot on the way to work and was killed when his car struck a concrete abutment. The concrete abutment was a condition of the premises which contributed to the employees death.
In
Port Authority of Allegheny County v. Workmens Compensation Appeal Board (D'Agostino),
66 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 393, 444 A.2d 837 (1982), benefits were awarded to the widow of an employee who suffered a fatal heart attack while shovelling snow from around his car in the employers parking lot. The court in
Port Authority
held that the snow was a condition of the premises which necessitated the exertion which led to the employees heart attack.
It was held in
Pypers v. Workmens Compensation Appeal Board (Baker),
105 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 448, 524 A.2d 1046 (1987), that an employee could not recover benefits because her presence on the premises was not required by the nature of her employment. A restaurant was the premises in that case. When the employee was finished with her work shift she remained at the restaurant to socialize. When she finally did leave the premises she slipped on the ice in the employers parking lot and injured herself. The court held that she had left the course of her employment.
Newhouse v. Workmens Compensation Appeal Board (Harris Cleaning Services, Inc.),
109 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 96, 530 A.2d 545 (1987), presented a case where an employee was riding on the hood of a co-workers car as it travelled along an access road coming from the employers premises. The driver of the car was forced to make an unexpected turn when he came to an exit gate which was closed. The employee was thrown from the car and injured. The court held that
the closed gate was a condition of the premises which caused the injury and upheld an award of benefits.
The most difficult case to distinguish is
Carl v. Workmens Compensation Appeal Board (G.H. Delp Co.),
79 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 332, 469 A.2d 347 (1984), because of the factual similarities with the present case. The claimant in
Carl
was helping to push another employees car out of the snow when she suffered an aneurysm as a result of the exertion. This Court upheld the award of compensation. That case can be distinguished because it was a condition of the premises, the heavy layer of snow, which caused the need for claimants exertion. The present case is more analogous to
Anzese v. Workmens Compensation Appeal Board,
35 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 256, 385 A.2d 625 (1978), where death benefits were denied when an employee was struck by lightning while leaving the employers premises on his motorcycle. In that case, as in the present case, it was not a condition of the premises or the operation of the employers business which caused the injury. Claimant points out that
Anzese
was decided before
Epler
and argues that its validity is doubtful, but there is nothing in
Epler
to indicate that the Supreme Court intended to overturn
Anzese.
A problem in an attempt to distinguish
Carl
from the present case is that the claimant in
Carl,
as the claimant here, had voluntarily offered to help her coworker. The court in
Carl,
however, pointed out that the employees had been sent home early on the date of the injury because of the snow and were paid for a full days work so the injury took place during working hours. The court considered this relevant in determining that the claimant was in the course of her employment.
In light of the preceding discussion of the statute and case law, we hold that claimant was not in the
course of his employment when he was injured and we reverse the order of the Board.
Order
Now, October 7, 1988, the order of the Workmens Compensation Appeal Board, dated July 15, 1987, at No. A-92272, is reversed and workmens compensation benefits are denied.
This decision was reached prior to the resignation of Judge MacPhail.