Daly v. Stephenson

1994 OK CIV APP 8, 870 P.2d 795, 65 O.B.A.J. 1040, 1994 Okla. Civ. App. LEXIS 8, 1994 WL 81927
CourtCourt of Civil Appeals of Oklahoma
DecidedFebruary 1, 1994
DocketNo. 79969
StatusPublished
Cited by10 cases

This text of 1994 OK CIV APP 8 (Daly v. Stephenson) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Civil Appeals of Oklahoma primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Daly v. Stephenson, 1994 OK CIV APP 8, 870 P.2d 795, 65 O.B.A.J. 1040, 1994 Okla. Civ. App. LEXIS 8, 1994 WL 81927 (Okla. Ct. App. 1994).

Opinion

BRIGHTMIRE, Judge.

The dispositive issue in this will contest is whether the contestants timely filed a sufficient petition. The trial court held they did not and sustained the personal representative’s motion to dismiss.

We affirm.

I

The operative facts are these. On April 27, 1988, a self-proving will was executed by Evelyn R. Daly, an elderly woman who had never married. She died December 22,1991, leaving the bulk of her estate to a friend. The will expressly declared that “it is my intention that none of my estate shall go to any of my relatives or heirs at law irrespective of their relationship to me....” The personal representative named in the will petitioned the court to admit the will for probate on January 6, 1992, and on that date caused proper notice — of both the petition and an order setting it for hearing on January 21, 1992 — to be given to all of the dece[797]*797dent’s heirs, devisees, and legatees by both mail and publication.

At the request of counsel for one of the heirs, the hearing was continued to February 4, 1992, to determine whether grounds existed to contest the will. On that date, a different counsel appeared for the heirs and requested another continuance. The request was denied and the court proceeded to hear the petition.

Although two of the heirs, who are great-nieces of Evelyn R. Daly, were represented by counsel at the hearing, neither lodged any complaint about, or objection to, the will’s validity or admission to probate. After hearing the evidence, the court found that when the testatrix executed the will she possessed testamentary capacity; that she was not acting under any duress, menace, fraud, or undue influence; and that the execution was in accordance with the requirements of law. The will was therefore admitted for probate.

Then, on May 1, 1992, just four days before the expiration of the three-month limitation period for contesting wills prescribed in 58 O.S.1991 § 67,1 the heirs filed a petition attacking the will.2 In it they recited several of the general grounds set out in 58 O.S.1991 § 61,3 but alleged no material facts. And what is even more significant, they did not allege that after the will had been admitted to ‘probate they had discovered evidence demonstrating its invalidity.

The personal representative promptly filed a motion to dismiss the contestants’ petition on the grounds that it substantively failed to comply with the requirements of § 61, and the three-month limitation period had run. The trial court agreed and entered an order dismissing the petition.

The contestants appeal.

II

The first issue posited by the contestants is whether “a Demurrer to the pleadings, made under the auspices of a Motion to Dismiss, [is] allowed under the Probate Code after the Pleading Code was enacted in 1984?”

In framing this question, the contestants have given undue consideration to procedural' form and nomenclature at the expense of the controlling substantive law. The argument is that the Oklahoma Pleading Code4 authorizes “notice pleading” so that all that is necessary is “ ‘a short and plain statement of the claim’ which will give the defendant fair notice of the plaintiffs claim and the grounds upon which it rests.” And that, the contestants say, is what their petition does.

The dispositive question, however, is not how to apply the pleading code to the facts of the instant case, but whether it applies at all, since the trial court is exercising [798]*798probate jurisdiction — a field left largely untouched by modern civil procedure reforms.

We hold it does not apply because involved here is a special area of law, namely probate, which is governed by its own statutory procedural code.5

The personal representative advances the point — one which we think has merit — that since the contestants’ petition was fatally defective when it was filed, it did not interrupt the running of the special three-month statute of limitations.

A review of the relevant law convinces us that, under the circumstances presented here, the contestants’ right to challenge the validity of the Daly will did indeed terminate three months after the will was admitted for probate. This conclusion is based on two potentially applicable statutes — 12 O.S.1991 § 2008(E)(1)6 and 58 O.S.1991 § 617 — which, when properly construed, compel the conclusion that the latter statute governs the ultimate issue of whether the content of the contestants’ petition was sufficient to toll the § 67 limitation.

The contestants contend that the 1984 enactment of the Oklahoma Pleading Code superseded the pleading requirements of § 61 and, because they complied with the minimal notice requirements of Title 12, their petition should not have been dismissed.

As we mentioned earlier, there is a serious question concerning whether the contestants’ petition would pass muster even under the allegational requirements of 12 O.S.1991 § 2009.8 Beyond this, however, there exist two legal obstacles which the contestants are not able to clear. One is the settled rule of statutory construction that if two statutes apply to a given situation, one a general statute and the other a special one, the special one governs.9 The other is that the Oklahoma Pleading Code itself in effect adopts the foregoing rule of construction by specifying that it is to govern all civil suits unless a statute specifies a different procedure.10 The Committee Comment following § 2001 underlines this exception by pointing out that special statutory proceedings are found in Title 12 as well as in other titles. The fact remains that probate proceedings, which have traditionally occupied a unique jurisdictional niche in our state jurisprudence, continue to do so, the 1969 court reform notwithstanding. The court in Wilson v. Kane,11 after comparing the existing conflict between the Oklahoma Pleading Code and the Oklahoma probate procedure, stated:

“A probate proceeding moves along a procedural track vastly different from that followed by a regular action upon a claim. The latter is governed by the Pleading Code and is regulated by the rules of practice applicable to the ordinary process of adjudication.... Probate is a special statutory proceeding. Its mainstream issues, procedural stages, and special statutory remedies remain the same as they were before 1969.”

The intent and purpose of § 61 is to provide a limited opportunity to contest a will already admitted to probate if the contestant is able to file a petition in which he can truthfully swear that after the will was admitted to probate he discovered “material facts” that would have been sufficient to prevent admission of the will to probate. Certainly, this statute does not contemplate a [799]*799rehearing of the same facts heard and resolved by the court when it admitted the will to probate.12 Thus, to come within the in-tendment of § 61, the contestants’ pleading must show on its face

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Bluebook (online)
1994 OK CIV APP 8, 870 P.2d 795, 65 O.B.A.J. 1040, 1994 Okla. Civ. App. LEXIS 8, 1994 WL 81927, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/daly-v-stephenson-oklacivapp-1994.