This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Appellate Reports. Please see Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions. Please also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated errors or other deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does not include the filing date.
1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
2 CLAUDIA DAIGLE,
3 Plaintiff-Appellant,
4 v. NO. 34,819
5 ELDORADO COMMUNITY 6 IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION, INC., 7 a New Mexico non-profit corporation,
8 Defendants-Appellees.
9 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF SANTA FE COUNTY 10 Francis J. Mathew, District Judge
11 Claudia Daigle 12 Santa Fe, NM
13 Pro Se Appellant
14 John P. Hays 15 Santa Fe, NM
16 for Appellees
17 MEMORANDUM OPINION
18 ZAMORA, Judge.
19 {1} Plaintiff-Appellant Claudia Daigle (“Plaintiff”) appeals, in a self-represented
20 capacity, from the district court’s order interpreting the Amended and Restated 1 Covenants for Eldorado at Santa Fe (“the covenants”) not to contain a prohibition
2 against ground-based solar collectors and granting summary judgment in favor of
3 Defendant-Appellee Eldorado Community Improvement Association, Inc. (“ECIA”).
4 [RP 325] This Court issued a calendar notice proposing to affirm. Plaintiff has filed
5 a memorandum opposing this Court’s proposed disposition. At that time, we issued
6 a second calendar notice proposing to dismiss for lack of a final order. Plaintiff has
7 filed a supplemental record proper containing a final order, along with a second
8 memorandum in opposition. Having given due consideration to Plaintiff’s arguments
9 in opposition, we affirm the district court.
10 {2} We first address Plaintiff’s motion to amend the docketing statement. Plaintiff
11 seeks to add the issue of whether the ECIA failed “to use ordinary care to enforce the
12 covenants and perform their contractual obligation to the Association thereby
13 breaching the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing and constituting a
14 material breach of contract[.]” [1 MIO 2, 3–7] Plaintiff notes that this issue was not
15 addressed by the district court. [1 MIO 1–2] We therefore decline to address the issue
16 on the grounds that it was not adequately preserved for appellate review. See Benz v.
17 Town Ctr. Land, LLC, 2013-NMCA-111, ¶ 24, 314 P.3d 688 (“To preserve an issue
18 for review on appeal, it must appear that appellant fairly invoked a ruling of the trial
19 court on the same grounds argued in the appellate court.” (internal quotation marks
2 1 and citation omitted)). Nevertheless, even if Plaintiff had properly preserved this issue
2 below, we see no error. In order for the ECIA to have breached the implied covenant
3 of good faith and fair dealing, the ECIA must have acted contrary to the covenants in
4 question. As we discuss below, the ECIA’s actions were not contrary to the covenants,
5 and accordingly, there exists no basis for a claim for breach of the implied covenant
6 of good faith and fair dealing. Therefore, because the issue Plaintiff seeks to add is not
7 viable, we deny her motion to amend. See State v. Sommer, 1994-NMCA-070, ¶ 11,
8 118 N.M. 58, 878 P.2d 1007 (denying a motion to amend the docketing statement
9 based upon a determination that the argument sought to be raised was not viable).
10 {3} Next, we note that Plaintiff’s second memorandum in opposition challenges the
11 district court’s denial of Plaintiff’s motion to amend complaint to join necessary or
12 indispensable parties. [2 MIO 9] Because this issue was not raised in Plaintiff’s
13 docketing statement, we construe this as a motion to amend the docketing statement.
14 However, we decline to address this issue because the district court’s grant of
15 summary judgment renders this issue moot. See Crutchfield v. N.M. Dep’t of Taxation
16 & Revenue, 2005-NMCA-022, ¶ 36, 137 N.M. 26, 106 P.3d 1273 (“A reviewing court
17 generally does not decide academic or moot questions.”). We therefore deny
18 Plaintiff’s motion to amend with respect to the district court’s denial of her motion to
19 amend the complaint. See Sommer, 1994-NMCA-070, ¶ 11 (denying a motion to
3 1 amend the docketing statement based upon a determination that the argument sought
2 to be raised was not viable).
3 {4} Apart from her motion to amend, Plaintiff continues to argue that the district
4 court erred by concluding that the covenants contain no prohibition against ground-
5 based solar panels. [1 MIO 7–22; DS 12–17] Our notice explained that we proposed
6 to agree with the district court’s reading of the covenants, which specifically permit
7 solar panels on roofs but do not expressly contain a prohibition against ground-based
8 solar collectors. [CN 3–4; RP 37] We further explained that in the Solar Rights Act,
9 NMSA 1978, §§ 47-3-1 to -5 (1977, as amended through 2007), our Legislature
10 expressly declared that the use of solar energy is a property right that is to be
11 encouraged by the law, see Section 47-3-4(A). Further, in NMSA 1978, Section 3-18-
12 32 (2007), our Legislature declared void any covenant that effectively prohibited the
13 use of a solar collector. [CN 4]
14 {5} In response to our proposed summary disposition, Plaintiff’s memorandum in
15 opposition makes four general arguments. First, Plaintiff reiterates her previous
16 argument [DS 12] that the covenants unambiguously prohibit all structures other than
17 those expressly permitted in the covenants. [1 MIO 7; RP 36] Second, Plaintiff
18 “speculates” that the covenants were amended to explicitly include satellite dishes
19 because satellite dishes were considered structures. [1 MIO 12] Plaintiff states that
4 1 satellite dishes available in 1984, the year the Federal Communications Commission
2 mandated that any prohibition of radio antenna and satellite dishes in covenants was
3 void, were eight feet across and could not fit on a rooftop, meaning that they had to
4 be permitted on the lot in order to be in compliance with federal laws. [1 MIO 12]
5 However, Plaintiff provides no authority in support of her contention. See State v.
6 Sisneros, 1982-NMSC-068, ¶ 7, 98 N.M. 201, 647 P.2d 403 (“The opposing party to
7 summary disposition must come forward and specifically point out errors in fact and
8 in law.”). To the contrary, Plaintiff’s argument appears to provide support for the
9 proposition that the covenants should permit ground-based solar arrays to the extent
10 that rooftop installation may not be feasible for every house.
11 {6} Third, with respect to the issue of legislative intent to encourage the use of solar
12 power, Plaintiff argues that the Legislature could not have intended to encourage the
13 use of ground-based solar panels, because Section 47-3-2 was codified in 1977, before
14 ground-based solar panels were in use. [1 MIO 17] However, the Legislature
15 subsequently amended the definition of a solar collector in 2007, see § 47-3-3, and the
16 Legislature could have amended the definition to exclude ground-based solar
17 collectors at that time.
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This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Appellate Reports. Please see Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions. Please also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated errors or other deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does not include the filing date.
1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
2 CLAUDIA DAIGLE,
3 Plaintiff-Appellant,
4 v. NO. 34,819
5 ELDORADO COMMUNITY 6 IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION, INC., 7 a New Mexico non-profit corporation,
8 Defendants-Appellees.
9 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF SANTA FE COUNTY 10 Francis J. Mathew, District Judge
11 Claudia Daigle 12 Santa Fe, NM
13 Pro Se Appellant
14 John P. Hays 15 Santa Fe, NM
16 for Appellees
17 MEMORANDUM OPINION
18 ZAMORA, Judge.
19 {1} Plaintiff-Appellant Claudia Daigle (“Plaintiff”) appeals, in a self-represented
20 capacity, from the district court’s order interpreting the Amended and Restated 1 Covenants for Eldorado at Santa Fe (“the covenants”) not to contain a prohibition
2 against ground-based solar collectors and granting summary judgment in favor of
3 Defendant-Appellee Eldorado Community Improvement Association, Inc. (“ECIA”).
4 [RP 325] This Court issued a calendar notice proposing to affirm. Plaintiff has filed
5 a memorandum opposing this Court’s proposed disposition. At that time, we issued
6 a second calendar notice proposing to dismiss for lack of a final order. Plaintiff has
7 filed a supplemental record proper containing a final order, along with a second
8 memorandum in opposition. Having given due consideration to Plaintiff’s arguments
9 in opposition, we affirm the district court.
10 {2} We first address Plaintiff’s motion to amend the docketing statement. Plaintiff
11 seeks to add the issue of whether the ECIA failed “to use ordinary care to enforce the
12 covenants and perform their contractual obligation to the Association thereby
13 breaching the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing and constituting a
14 material breach of contract[.]” [1 MIO 2, 3–7] Plaintiff notes that this issue was not
15 addressed by the district court. [1 MIO 1–2] We therefore decline to address the issue
16 on the grounds that it was not adequately preserved for appellate review. See Benz v.
17 Town Ctr. Land, LLC, 2013-NMCA-111, ¶ 24, 314 P.3d 688 (“To preserve an issue
18 for review on appeal, it must appear that appellant fairly invoked a ruling of the trial
19 court on the same grounds argued in the appellate court.” (internal quotation marks
2 1 and citation omitted)). Nevertheless, even if Plaintiff had properly preserved this issue
2 below, we see no error. In order for the ECIA to have breached the implied covenant
3 of good faith and fair dealing, the ECIA must have acted contrary to the covenants in
4 question. As we discuss below, the ECIA’s actions were not contrary to the covenants,
5 and accordingly, there exists no basis for a claim for breach of the implied covenant
6 of good faith and fair dealing. Therefore, because the issue Plaintiff seeks to add is not
7 viable, we deny her motion to amend. See State v. Sommer, 1994-NMCA-070, ¶ 11,
8 118 N.M. 58, 878 P.2d 1007 (denying a motion to amend the docketing statement
9 based upon a determination that the argument sought to be raised was not viable).
10 {3} Next, we note that Plaintiff’s second memorandum in opposition challenges the
11 district court’s denial of Plaintiff’s motion to amend complaint to join necessary or
12 indispensable parties. [2 MIO 9] Because this issue was not raised in Plaintiff’s
13 docketing statement, we construe this as a motion to amend the docketing statement.
14 However, we decline to address this issue because the district court’s grant of
15 summary judgment renders this issue moot. See Crutchfield v. N.M. Dep’t of Taxation
16 & Revenue, 2005-NMCA-022, ¶ 36, 137 N.M. 26, 106 P.3d 1273 (“A reviewing court
17 generally does not decide academic or moot questions.”). We therefore deny
18 Plaintiff’s motion to amend with respect to the district court’s denial of her motion to
19 amend the complaint. See Sommer, 1994-NMCA-070, ¶ 11 (denying a motion to
3 1 amend the docketing statement based upon a determination that the argument sought
2 to be raised was not viable).
3 {4} Apart from her motion to amend, Plaintiff continues to argue that the district
4 court erred by concluding that the covenants contain no prohibition against ground-
5 based solar panels. [1 MIO 7–22; DS 12–17] Our notice explained that we proposed
6 to agree with the district court’s reading of the covenants, which specifically permit
7 solar panels on roofs but do not expressly contain a prohibition against ground-based
8 solar collectors. [CN 3–4; RP 37] We further explained that in the Solar Rights Act,
9 NMSA 1978, §§ 47-3-1 to -5 (1977, as amended through 2007), our Legislature
10 expressly declared that the use of solar energy is a property right that is to be
11 encouraged by the law, see Section 47-3-4(A). Further, in NMSA 1978, Section 3-18-
12 32 (2007), our Legislature declared void any covenant that effectively prohibited the
13 use of a solar collector. [CN 4]
14 {5} In response to our proposed summary disposition, Plaintiff’s memorandum in
15 opposition makes four general arguments. First, Plaintiff reiterates her previous
16 argument [DS 12] that the covenants unambiguously prohibit all structures other than
17 those expressly permitted in the covenants. [1 MIO 7; RP 36] Second, Plaintiff
18 “speculates” that the covenants were amended to explicitly include satellite dishes
19 because satellite dishes were considered structures. [1 MIO 12] Plaintiff states that
4 1 satellite dishes available in 1984, the year the Federal Communications Commission
2 mandated that any prohibition of radio antenna and satellite dishes in covenants was
3 void, were eight feet across and could not fit on a rooftop, meaning that they had to
4 be permitted on the lot in order to be in compliance with federal laws. [1 MIO 12]
5 However, Plaintiff provides no authority in support of her contention. See State v.
6 Sisneros, 1982-NMSC-068, ¶ 7, 98 N.M. 201, 647 P.2d 403 (“The opposing party to
7 summary disposition must come forward and specifically point out errors in fact and
8 in law.”). To the contrary, Plaintiff’s argument appears to provide support for the
9 proposition that the covenants should permit ground-based solar arrays to the extent
10 that rooftop installation may not be feasible for every house.
11 {6} Third, with respect to the issue of legislative intent to encourage the use of solar
12 power, Plaintiff argues that the Legislature could not have intended to encourage the
13 use of ground-based solar panels, because Section 47-3-2 was codified in 1977, before
14 ground-based solar panels were in use. [1 MIO 17] However, the Legislature
15 subsequently amended the definition of a solar collector in 2007, see § 47-3-3, and the
16 Legislature could have amended the definition to exclude ground-based solar
17 collectors at that time.
18 {7} Fourth, Plaintiff argues that evidence considered by the district court in the
19 form of an affidavit by Thomas Gray should not have been considered because it
5 1 consisted of “only bias, speculation, and conflict of interest within the affidavit.” [1
2 MIO 14; 2 MIO 4–6] We remain unpersuaded. Plaintiff has not provided this Court
3 with citations to any authority in support of her contention that the affidavit
4 considered by the district court was misleading or otherwise erroneous. [1 MIO
5 14–15; 2 MIO 4–6] Accordingly, we affirm. See Hennessy v. Duryea,
6 1998-NMCA-036, ¶ 24, 124 N.M. 754, 955 P.2d 683 (stating that the party opposing
7 a proposed summary disposition has the burden of demonstrating specific errors in
8 fact or law).
9 {8} Finally, to the extent Plaintiff argues that the district court never ruled on her
10 application for a temporary injunction pending litigation, [2 MIO 8] we conclude that
11 this issue is moot because the district court’s grant of summary judgment ended the
12 litigation. See Crutchfield, 2005-NMCA-022, ¶ 36 (“A reviewing court generally does
13 not decide academic or moot questions.”).
14 {9} For the reasons stated above and in this Court’s notices of proposed disposition,
15 we affirm the district court’s grant of summary judgment.
16 {10} IT IS SO ORDERED.
17 18 M. MONICA ZAMORA, Judge
19 WE CONCUR:
6 1 2 MICHAEL E. VIGIL, Chief Judge
3 4 LINDA M. VANZI, Judge