Custom v. Trainor

74 F.R.D. 409, 1977 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16518
CourtDistrict Court, N.D. Illinois
DecidedApril 5, 1977
DocketNo. 76 C 354
StatusPublished
Cited by10 cases

This text of 74 F.R.D. 409 (Custom v. Trainor) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, N.D. Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Custom v. Trainor, 74 F.R.D. 409, 1977 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16518 (N.D. Ill. 1977).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM DECISION

MARSHALL, District Judge.

Plaintiffs have moved to alter, amend, or vacate our judgment entered November 30, 1976, dismissing this action, which attacks defendants’ alleged practice of delaying applications for General Assistance (GA) benefits, as moot. For the following reasons, plaintiffs’ motion is granted, and this action is reinstated.

Prior to our ruling on the motion for class certification, plaintiff Custom, the only named class representative, had received GA benefits. He thus had been given all the relief he sought individually and was no longer a member of the class. Recognizing that a class action, moot as to the named plaintiff, may be certified if the duration of the claim is typically short, we nevertheless dismissed the action because defendants’ voluntary actions, and not the passage of time, mooted the case. At that time, we failed to perceive the significance of the fact that Custom’s claim was also of a type which would normally be of short duration.

The proposed class includes eligible applicants for GA who have not been granted benefits within 45 days of the application date. The GA statistics submitted to the court indicate that many of these eligible applicants are granted benefits within 60 days. Further, plaintiffs assert that few eligible applications remain pending longer than 90 days. Thus, the claim of most class members is of short duration. The conclusion follows that this claim does evade judicial determination because any other class member’s claim would be mooted out by the passage of time. Without class certification, this claim could remain unredressed for want of a plaintiff who could retain a personal stake until the class could be certified. By taking voluntary action with respect to Custom, defendants have not altered the typical duration of the claim for other members of the class Custom represents.

The reasoning of the Supreme Court in Sosna v. Iowa, 419 U.S. 393, 95 S.Ct. 553, 42 L.Ed.2d 532 (1975), and Gerstein v. Pugh, 420 U.S. 103, 95 S.Ct. 854, 43 L.Ed.2d 54 (1975), convinces us that this conclusion is the correct one and our earlier dismissal was erroneous. In Sosna, the Court indicated that its analysis of whether a claim is “capable of repetition, yet evading review” depends upon the presence or absence of class allegations. If plaintiff brings the action on his own behalf, and the action expires due to the passage of time, the action is not capable of repetition unless the defendant is likely to act again towards that particular plaintiff. On the other hand, in a class action, the injury is capable of repetition if the defendant is likely to repeat the injury against other class members even though the named plaintiff will not again sustain the injury.1 For the purposes of analyzing mootness, then, the class itself acquires a legal existence apart from the class representative. In other words, the court must take into account the circumstances of the class as a whole and not merely those of the class representative.

[412]*412Similarly, when class allegations are present, the typical duration of the claim is tested with reference to the class as a whole. Thus, it is erroneous to deny class certification due to the circumstances of Custom, the class representative, if the duration of the claim for other class members is typically short.2

In Gerstein, the Court identified one case in which certification of a class with a moot named representative may be proper. Plaintiffs in Gerstein were members of a class of pretrial detainees who claimed that their detention was illegal. The named plaintiffs were convicted during the course of the litigation, although the record did not indicate whether the case became moot before class certification. Defendants included justices of the peace, small claims judges, law enforcement officials, and the local State’s Attorney. The Court found that the case was a suitable exception to the rule normally precluding certification of class actions moot as to the named representative. Its finding was premised on the fact that pretrial detention is temporary and could be ended at any time by release on recognizance, dismissal of the charges, or a decision on the merits of the case. Since the timing of these events was largely under the defendants’ control, it could be said that defendants’ voluntary acts would end plaintiffs’ detention and moot the lawsuit. Nevertheless, since defendants were almost certain to act within a relatively short period of time, the claim was one which would inevitably evade judicial review due to the passage of time. Gerstein, therefore, stands for the proposition that a class action may be certified when defendants’ voluntary actions moot the claim of the named plaintiff; and (1) the claims of the other class members are within the defendants’ control, and (2) defendants customarily act within a short period of time.

■The welfare applicants in the instant case, like the pretrial detainees in Gerstein, have inherently short-lived claims that may be mooted at any time (and will be mooted relatively quickly) by the very officials whose conduct they seek to correct.3 This case is within the Sosna-Gerstein exception. Frost v. Weinberger, 515 F.2d 57, 64 (2d Cir. 1975).

Having reinstated the action, it is appropriate to proceed to plaintiffs’ motion for class certification and defendants’ motion to dismiss, which were previously fully briefed.

If plaintiff establishes that the requirements of Rule 23 are met, then an appropriate class should be certified. Vickers v. Trainor, 546 F.2d 739 (7th Cir. 1976). Initially, the definition of the class must be established. According to the complaint, the action is brought on behalf of persons who are eligible applicants for public assistance under the General Assistance Program in Chicago and who have filed or will file an application for public assistance under the General Assistance Program and who have not been or will not be provided benefits within 45 days after the application date. Defendants have taken no action with respect to persons who will file applications for GA and their inclusion in the class is improper. Mathews v. Diaz, 426 U.S. 67, 96 S.Ct. 1883, 1887 n. 3, 48 L.Ed.2d 478 (1976). See discussion in Curtis v. Voss, 73 F.R.D. 580 (N.D.Ill.1976). In one of their briefs, plaintiffs have stated that the action is also brought on behalf of members of the Chicago Welfare Rights Organization. Plaintiffs, however; do not argue that CWRO has organizational standing, and its inclusion in the class definition is superfluous. [413]*413Accordingly, the class consists of eligible applicants for GA in Chicago who are not provided benefits within 45 days of the application date.

In Count III plaintiffs seek to represent all applicants, eligible or not, who must wait over 30 days for a decision on their GA application. This class definition must also be amended to exclude persons who have not yet been injured by the delay.

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Bluebook (online)
74 F.R.D. 409, 1977 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16518, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/custom-v-trainor-ilnd-1977.