CSX Transp., Inc. v. Island Rail Terminal, Inc.

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit
DecidedJanuary 10, 2018
Docket16-3995-cv
StatusPublished

This text of CSX Transp., Inc. v. Island Rail Terminal, Inc. (CSX Transp., Inc. v. Island Rail Terminal, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
CSX Transp., Inc. v. Island Rail Terminal, Inc., (2d Cir. 2018).

Opinion

16-3995-cv CSX Transp., Inc. v. Island Rail Terminal, Inc. et al

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

August Term 2016

(Argued: September 25, 2017 Decided: January 10, 2018)

Docket No. 16‐3995‐cv

CSX TRANSPORTATION, INC.,

Plaintiff‐Counter‐Defendant‐Appellee,

v.

ISLAND RAIL TERMINAL, INC., MAGGIO SANITATION SERVICE, INC., EASTERN RESOURCE RECYCLING, INC.,

Appellants,

EMJAY ENVIRONMENTAL RECYCLING, LTD.,

Defendant‐Counter‐Claimant.

ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK

Before: LIVINGSTON, LYNCH, and CHIN, Circuit Judges. Appeal from a judgment and post‐judgment order of the United

States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (Seybert, J.), directing

third‐party garnishees to satisfy a creditorʹs judgment against a judgment debtor

as damages for the garnisheesʹ violation of certain restraining notices.

AFFIRMED IN PART AND VACATED AND REMANDED IN PART.

JEFFREY D. COHEN, Keenan Cohen & Merrick P.C., Philadelphia, Pennyslvania, for Plaintiff‐Counter‐ Defendant‐Appellee.

JARRETT M. BEHAR, Sinnreich Kosakoff & Messina LLP, Central Islip, New York, for Appellants.

CHIN, Circuit Judge:

Third‐party garnishees appeal from a judgment of the district court

(Seybert, J.) directing them to turn over $1,056,444.15 to a judgment creditor to

satisfy a judgment against a judgment debtor. The district court awarded the

sum as damages for the garnisheesʹ violation of certain restraining notices. The

garnishees also appeal from the district courtʹs post‐judgment order denying

their motion to alter the judgment.

On appeal, the garnishees principally argue that (1) plaintiff was

required to commence a special proceeding against garnishees under New York ‐ 2 ‐

Civil Practice Law and Rules (ʺC.P.L.R.ʺ) article 52, instead of proceeding by

motion; (2) garnishees did not violate the restraining notices under C.P.L.R.

§ 5222(b); and (3) the district court erred in awarding damages and doing so

without holding a hearing.

We affirm in part and vacate and remand in part.

BACKGROUND

Plaintiff‐counter‐defendant‐appellee CSX Transportation, Inc.

(ʺCSXʺ) is an interstate rail carrier. Defendant‐counter‐claimant Emjay

Environmental Recycling, Ltd. (ʺEmjayʺ) operates a waste transfer station. In

2012, appellant Island Rail Terminal, Inc. (ʺIsland Railʺ) purchased ʺsubstantially

allʺ of Emjayʹs assets for $3,572,011.52 pursuant to an Asset Purchase Agreement

and Amended Promissory Note. Appellants Maggio Sanitation Services, Inc.

(ʺMaggioʺ) and Eastern Resource Recycling, Inc. (ʺEastern Resourceʺ) guaranteed

Island Railʹs payment and performance obligations.

On September 25, 2014, the district court entered an amended

judgment for CSX and against Emjay in this breach of contract suit for

$1,056,444.15. We affirmed the judgment. CSX Transp., Inc. v. Emjay Envtl.

Recycling, Ltd., 629 F. Appʹx 147 (2d Cir. 2015) (summary order). By this point, at

‐ 3 ‐

least three other creditors already held judgments against Emjay (based on

unrelated claims): Environmental Logistics Services (ʺELSʺ) for $1,238,807.03,

Sullivan Gardner for $294,318.82, and Matthew Crescimanni (ʺCrescimanniʺ) for

$402,013.83.

On November 12, 2014, CSX served third‐party garnishees Island

Rail, Maggio, and Eastern Resource (collectively, ʺGarnisheesʺ) with restraining

notices (the ʺRestraining Noticesʺ) to aid its judgment entered in this case below.1

The Restraining Notices prohibited Garnishees from ʺmak[ing] or suffer[ing] any

sale, assignment or transfer of, or any interference withʺ and from ʺotherwise

dispos[ing] of any [] debtʺ owed to Emjay, except as otherwise provided. N.Y.

C.P.L.R. § 5222(b); see also App. 99, 107, 115 (restraining notices). By this point, at

1 ʺA ʹgarnisheeʹ is a person who owes a debt to a judgment debtor, or a person other than the judgment debtor who has property in his possession or custody in which a judgment debtor has an interest.ʺ N.Y. C.P.L.R. § 105(i). A restraining notice is an enforcement device used in aid of an existing judgment that bears the caption of the underlying action. N.Y. C.P.L.R. § 5222, cmt. 5222:1 (practice commentary). It may be issued by the judgment creditorʹs attorney against the judgment debtor or a third party. Id. A restraining notice served upon a garnishee ʺserves as a type of injunction prohibiting the transfer of the judgment debtorʹs property.ʺ Aspen Indus., Inc. v. Marine Midland Bank, 52 N.Y.2d 575, 579 (1981); see also N.Y. C.P.L.R. § 5222, cmt. 5222:1 (practice commentary) (ʺWith ordinary money judgments, it is usually the attorney who issues the restraining notice, acting as an officer of the court in so doing. In that instance, the restraint results without a court order or any other preliminary judicial authorization. It is a rare example of an injunction, complete with contempt punishment as its sanction, not embodied in a court order or judgment.ʺ). ‐ 4 ‐

least two creditors, Crescimanni and ELS, had already served writs of execution

for their judgments against Emjay.2

Approximately three months later, on February 26, 2015, the New

York State Supreme Court, Suffolk County, approved a consolidated $2.2 million

settlement (the ʺState Settlement Orderʺ) in two unrelated actions involving

Emjay, Garnishees, and several of Emjayʹs other creditors, including ELS,

Sullivan Gardner, and Crescimanni.3 CSX, after joining early settlement talks at

the invitation of the parties in the state court proceedings, ultimately declined to

participate. Under the terms of the settlement, Garnishees settled the claims

asserted by Emjay for $2.2 million, which was then distributed to creditors ELS,

Sullivan Gardner, and Crescimanni to satisfy their judgments against Emjay.

The state court ʺso orderedʺ the settlement. App. 154.

On June 12, 2015, CSX filed a motion for a turnover order to compel

Garnishees to satisfy CSXʹs September 25, 2014 amended judgment against

2 Garnishees belatedly corrected the date of ELSʹs writ of execution from March 10, 2015 to November 5, 2014 in a letter motion to alter the judgment. Letter Mot. to Alter J. 1, CSX Transp. v. Island Rail Terminal, Inc., No. 12‐cv‐1865 (E.D.N.Y. Nov. 4, 2016), ECF No. 100. As discussed further below, the district court declined in its discretion to consider the new fact. Elec. Order Den. Letter Mot. to Alter J., CSX Transp. v. Island Rail Terminal, Inc., No. 12‐cv‐1865 (E.D.N.Y. Dec. 1, 2016). 3 In the first of those actions, Emjay sued Garnishees to recover the $3.5 million purchase price from the asset sale, and Garnishees raised various counter‐claims. In the second, ELS, Sullivan Gardner, and Crescimanni sued Emjay for unpaid judgments. ‐ 5 ‐

Emjay, as entered by the district court in this case. In its motion, CSX also

argued, alternatively, that Garnishees were liable to CSX for damages because

entering into the state settlement violated the Restraining Notices. While the

motion was pending, on June 24, 2015, Garnishees issued a check to CSX for

$8,015.03 ‐‐ the ʺremainder of the proceeds of the settlement of the [Garnisheesʹ]

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CSX Transp., Inc. v. Island Rail Terminal, Inc., Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/csx-transp-inc-v-island-rail-terminal-inc-ca2-2018.