CSB Corp. v. Cadillac Creative Advertising, Inc.

136 F.R.D. 34, 18 Fed. R. Serv. 3d 359, 1990 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12683, 1990 WL 285763
CourtDistrict Court, D. Rhode Island
DecidedSeptember 4, 1990
DocketCiv. A. No. 89-0417B
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 136 F.R.D. 34 (CSB Corp. v. Cadillac Creative Advertising, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, D. Rhode Island primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
CSB Corp. v. Cadillac Creative Advertising, Inc., 136 F.R.D. 34, 18 Fed. R. Serv. 3d 359, 1990 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12683, 1990 WL 285763 (D.R.I. 1990).

Opinion

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION

JACOB HAGOPIAN, United States Magistrate.

The instant matters have been referred to the United States Magistrate for Findings and Recommendation pursuant to 28 U.S.C. Section 636. Presently before the Court is defendant’s motion to vacate the default pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 55(c) and [35]*35defendant’s motion to vacate the default judgment pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 60(b).

STATEMENT OF FACTS

The record in the instant action reveals the following. Plaintiff, CSB Corp. (CSB), brought this action to collect payment for key rings it specially manufactured for defendant, Cadillac Creative Advertising, Inc. (CCA), and to collect a part of its legal costs pursuant to an agreement between the parties.

On September 19, 1989, CCA was served with, and acknowledged, CSB’s summons and complaint. On October 17, 1989, Notice of Default was entered due to defendant’s failure to answer the complaint. CCA alleges that CSB told them not to be concerned about filing an answer because of ongoing settlement negotiations.

After a breakdown in negotiations, CCA learned from CSB’s principal on January 15, 1990 that default judgment had been entered. However, CSB failed to provide notice of its motion to default to CCA, as required by Fed.R.Civ.P. 55(b)(2). Subsequently, CCA moved to vacate the entry of default and the default judgment on February 1, 1990 on the grounds of lack of notice pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 55 and 60.

DISCUSSION

After a defendant has appeared, Rule 55(b)(2) demands that he “shall be served with written notice of the application for judgment at least 3 days prior to the hearing on such application.” In the instant matter, no written notice of application was given by plaintiff. However, CSB contends that because CCA did not formally appear, notice according to Rule 55 was not required.

CCA argues that a formal appearance, such as filing an answer, is not necessary to trigger the requirement of Rule 55(b)(2). In Muniz v. Vidal, 739 F.2d 699, 701 (1st Cir.1984), the Court found that a defendant could appear through informal contacts that demonstrated an intent to defend against suit. In both Muniz and the instant matter, responsive pleadings were not filed, but settlement negotiations occurred before the entry of default judgment. CCA argues that communications between it and CSB regarding settlement of the dispute demonstrate CCA’s intent to defend. I find that as in Muniz, CCA has met the criteria for appearing because it indicated to CSB a clear intent to defend the suit. See Id. at 700.

The Muniz court, citing 6 Moore’s Federal Practice, Section 55.05[3] at 55-55 (1983), noted that the failure to provide notice is a serious procedural irregularity. Absent special circumstances, “the lack of notice requires that the default be set aside.” Id. at 701. See Lutomski v. Panther Valley Coin Exchange, 653 F.2d 270 (6th Cir.1981); Wilson v. Moores & Associates, Inc., 564 F.2d 366 (9th Cir.1977); Chartlon L. Davis Co. v. Fedder Data Center, Inc., 556 F.2d 308 (5th Cir.1977).

Similar to the preceding analysis, Rule 55(c) provides that “for good cause shown the court may set aside an entry of default, ...” In Coon v. Grenier, 867 F.2d 73 (1st Cir.1989), the Court interpreted good cause to include an investigation as to “... whether the default was willful, whether a meritorious defense is presented.” Id. at 76. In Coon, unlike the instant action, the defendant had no notice of an action against him until after entry of default. However, an inference of willfulness on CCA’s part should be weighed against the settlement negotiations between the two parties. Vacating the default would not prejudice CSB, as there are no claims that “... witnesses have died, that memories have dimmed beyond refreshment, that some discovery scheme has been thwarted, or that evidence has been lost.” Id. at 77. Additionally, Coon directs that the defendant demonstrate a meritorious defense in order to vacate an entry of default. CCA has raised a meritorious defense. See Discussion, infra.

CCA has also moved to vacate the default judgment. “On motion and upon such terms as are just, the Court may relieve a party or his legal representative from a final judgment, order, or proceeding for the following reasons: (1) mistake, in[36]*36advertence, surprise, or excusable neglect; ... or (6) any other reason justifying relief from the operation of the judgment.” Fed. R.Civ.P. 60(b). Motions to set aside default judgments are addressed to the discretion of the trial court. Taylor v. Boston and Taunton Transportation Co., 720 F.2d 731-32 (1st Cir.1983); American Metals Service Export Co. v. Ahrens Aircraft, Inc., 666 F.2d 718, 720 (1st Cir.1981); American & Foreign Insurance Association v. Commercial Insurance Co., 575 F.2d 980, 982 (1st Cir.1978); Pagan v. American Airlines, Inc., 534 F.2d 990, 993 (1st Cir.1976). A party seeking relief must demonstrate that he has a meritorious defense and that one of the conditions of Rule 60(b) applies. Id. Although there is a preference for allowing cases to be resolved on the merits, it is the District Court’s duty to weigh the reasons for and against setting aside a default judgment. Id. Thus, the determination to be made in the matter before me is whether the defendant has set out a meritorious defense with the “required specificity” and further whether one of the conditions delineated in Fed.R.Civ.P. 60(b) applies. American Metals Service Export Co., supra.

Defendant alleges a meritorious defense, asserting that it had an agreement with CSB whereby both parties would share the risk of downsized or delayed demand for the key chains manufactured by CSB. The Court must “...

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136 F.R.D. 34, 18 Fed. R. Serv. 3d 359, 1990 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12683, 1990 WL 285763, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/csb-corp-v-cadillac-creative-advertising-inc-rid-1990.