STATE OF LOUISIANA COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT
16-376
CRYSTAL STEPHENS
VERSUS
MARY J. KING, ET AL.
**********
APPEAL FROM THE TENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT PARISH OF NATCHITOCHES, NO. C-79,209, DIV. B HONORABLE LALA B. SYLVESTER, DISTRICT JUDGE
JIMMIE C. PETERS JUDGE
Court composed of Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux, Chief Judge, Jimmie C. Peters, and Billy H. Ezell, Judges.
REVERSED AND RENDERED. William D. Dyess Dyess Law Firm, LLC 207 Church Street, Suite 106 Natchitoches, Louisiana 71457 (318) 352-5880 COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE: Crystal Stephens
W. Brett Cain P. O. Box 92807 Lafayette, Louisiana 70509 (877) 323-8040 COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT: Safeway Insurance Co. of Louisiana PETERS, J.
One of the defendants in this litigation, Safeway Insurance Co. of Louisiana
(Safeway), appeals the trial court’s judgment awarding the plaintiff, Crystal
Stephens, $12,000.00 in general damages and $5,500.00 in medical expenses
against it and Mary J. King.1 For the following reasons, we reverse that portion of
the trial court judgment awarding Ms. Stephens damages against Safeway and
render judgment in favor of Safeway dismissing Ms. Stephens’ claims for damages
against it.
DISCUSSION OF THE RECORD
The facts of the automobile accident giving rise to this litigation are not in
dispute. The accident occurred at the intersection of North and Trudeau Streets in
Natchitoches, Louisiana, on June 19, 2005, when Ms. King’s vehicle backed into
Ms. Stephens’ vehicle. At the time of the accident, Ms. King was driving a vehicle
she rented from Avis Rental Car System, Inc. (Avis), and Ms. Stephens was
driving a vehicle she rented from Enterprise Rent-A-Car (Enterprise). Safeway is
Ms. Stephens’ uninsured/underinsured motorist (UM) insurance provider.
Ms. Stephens initially filed suit against Safeway and Ms. King. She later
amended her pleadings to name Avis as a defendant as well. Avis subsequently
paid Ms. Stephens $10,000.00 in damages and was dismissed from the litigation in
2014.2 The matter went to trial on December 1, 2015, as a bench trial,3 and on
1 Although the trial court rendered judgment against both Ms. King and Safeway, the record raises questions concerning service on, and notice to, Ms. King throughout the litigation. However, those issues are not before us, and we will only address the liability of Safeway to Ms. Stephens. 2 The history of other pleadings filed in the record but not pertinent to this appeal are not included in this opinion. 3 The evidentiary phase of the trial was not completed on December 1, 2015, as the trial court left the record open for thirty days to allow Ms. Stephens’ counsel to obtain the deposition of a treating physician. Additionally, the trial court ordered that the litigants provide post-trial memorandums. February 8, 2016, the trial court executed a judgment awarding Ms. Stephens
damages against both Ms. King and Safeway.
Safeway timely appealed the trial court’s judgment, asserting four
assignments of error:
1. The trial court erred in allowing plaintiff to introduce exhibit evidence over the objection of defendant when the plaintiff did not comply with the pre-trial order directing all parties to produce their exhibits at least fourteen days before trial.
2. The trial court erred in allowing the introduction into evidence of an affidavit that was not admissible by statute over the objection of the defendant.
3. The trial court erred in finding that the plaintiff satisfied their burden of proof in establishing that defendant MARY J. KING was under insured or uninsured.
4. The trial court erred in awarding plaintiff general damages of $12,000.00 and medical expenses of $5,500.00.
OPINION
Safeway acknowledges that under its policy it provides Ms. Stephens UM
coverage, but denies that Ms. Stephens established that Ms. King was an UM.
Because we find merit in that argument, we need not consider all of Safeway’s
assignments of error.
The evidence relied on by Ms. Stephens to establish Ms. King’s UM status
was a January 2, 2014 affidavit executed by Tom Abbott, a Virginia Beach,
Virginia, Avis employee. In his affidavit, Mr. Abbott asserted that Avis assigned
him the claim file produced as a result of the accident, acknowledged that Ms.
King rented the Avis vehicle involved in the accident, and stated the following
with regard to the issuance of any insurance to Ms. King:
5. Customers who rent a vehicle from Avis are offered the opportunity to purchase the optional liability coverage.
6. According to rental agreement, Mary Jo King did not purchase any of the optional supplemental coverages, including but not 2 limited to: Supplemental Liability Insurance at the time of the rental.
7. Except where required by law to be primary, any protection provided by Avis shall be secondary to and not in excess of any applicable insurance available to Mary Jo King from any other source, whether primary, excess, secondary or contingent in any way; or if specifically requested and paid for by the renter.
8. Since Mary Jo King did not purchase the optional liability coverage, and there has been no valid personal automobile liability insurance found for either [sic] Mary Jo King that provides primary coverage pursuant to the rental agreement, Avis will provide liability protection for the renter and any additional authorized driver up to the state’s minimum limits of $10,000/$20,000 under the terms of the rental agreement.
Without this affidavit, the record contains no evidence of Ms. King’s insured status;
when counsel for Ms. Stephens offered this affidavit, counsel for Safeway objected
to it being introduced into evidence because it was hearsay. Counsel for Ms.
Stephens argued that the affidavit was an exception to the hearsay rule in that it
was a business record. The question of the admissibility of an affidavit is a
question of law, and “[a]ppellate review of questions of law is to discern whether
the district court’s interpretative decision is legally correct. If legal error is found,
the legal conclusions of the district court are thus subject to de novo review by this
Court.” Forum for Equal. PAC v. McKeithen, 04-2477, 04-2523, p. 10 (La.
1/19/05), 893 So.2d 715, 723 (citation omitted).
Both litigants agree that “[i]n an uninsured motorist claim, plaintiff has the
burden of proof that the owner or operator of the vehicle was uninsured or
underinsured at the time of the accident.” Bullock v. Commercial Union Ins. Co.,
397 So.2d 13, 14 (La.App. 3 Cir. 1981). Additionally, Louisiana statutory law
provides that affidavit evidence may be used to establish the UM status of a driver
of a vehicle involved in an automobile accident. However, the affidavit evidence
3 must comply with the statutory authorization found in La.R.S. 22:1295(6) 4
(emphasis added) which provides three ways to make a prima facie showing that a
motorist is uninsured/underinsured using affidavit testimony:
In any action to enforce a claim under the uninsured motorist provisions of an automobile liability policy the following shall be admissible as prima facie proof that the owner and operator of the vehicle involved did not have automobile liability insurance in effect on the date of the accident in question:
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STATE OF LOUISIANA COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT
16-376
CRYSTAL STEPHENS
VERSUS
MARY J. KING, ET AL.
**********
APPEAL FROM THE TENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT PARISH OF NATCHITOCHES, NO. C-79,209, DIV. B HONORABLE LALA B. SYLVESTER, DISTRICT JUDGE
JIMMIE C. PETERS JUDGE
Court composed of Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux, Chief Judge, Jimmie C. Peters, and Billy H. Ezell, Judges.
REVERSED AND RENDERED. William D. Dyess Dyess Law Firm, LLC 207 Church Street, Suite 106 Natchitoches, Louisiana 71457 (318) 352-5880 COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE: Crystal Stephens
W. Brett Cain P. O. Box 92807 Lafayette, Louisiana 70509 (877) 323-8040 COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT: Safeway Insurance Co. of Louisiana PETERS, J.
One of the defendants in this litigation, Safeway Insurance Co. of Louisiana
(Safeway), appeals the trial court’s judgment awarding the plaintiff, Crystal
Stephens, $12,000.00 in general damages and $5,500.00 in medical expenses
against it and Mary J. King.1 For the following reasons, we reverse that portion of
the trial court judgment awarding Ms. Stephens damages against Safeway and
render judgment in favor of Safeway dismissing Ms. Stephens’ claims for damages
against it.
DISCUSSION OF THE RECORD
The facts of the automobile accident giving rise to this litigation are not in
dispute. The accident occurred at the intersection of North and Trudeau Streets in
Natchitoches, Louisiana, on June 19, 2005, when Ms. King’s vehicle backed into
Ms. Stephens’ vehicle. At the time of the accident, Ms. King was driving a vehicle
she rented from Avis Rental Car System, Inc. (Avis), and Ms. Stephens was
driving a vehicle she rented from Enterprise Rent-A-Car (Enterprise). Safeway is
Ms. Stephens’ uninsured/underinsured motorist (UM) insurance provider.
Ms. Stephens initially filed suit against Safeway and Ms. King. She later
amended her pleadings to name Avis as a defendant as well. Avis subsequently
paid Ms. Stephens $10,000.00 in damages and was dismissed from the litigation in
2014.2 The matter went to trial on December 1, 2015, as a bench trial,3 and on
1 Although the trial court rendered judgment against both Ms. King and Safeway, the record raises questions concerning service on, and notice to, Ms. King throughout the litigation. However, those issues are not before us, and we will only address the liability of Safeway to Ms. Stephens. 2 The history of other pleadings filed in the record but not pertinent to this appeal are not included in this opinion. 3 The evidentiary phase of the trial was not completed on December 1, 2015, as the trial court left the record open for thirty days to allow Ms. Stephens’ counsel to obtain the deposition of a treating physician. Additionally, the trial court ordered that the litigants provide post-trial memorandums. February 8, 2016, the trial court executed a judgment awarding Ms. Stephens
damages against both Ms. King and Safeway.
Safeway timely appealed the trial court’s judgment, asserting four
assignments of error:
1. The trial court erred in allowing plaintiff to introduce exhibit evidence over the objection of defendant when the plaintiff did not comply with the pre-trial order directing all parties to produce their exhibits at least fourteen days before trial.
2. The trial court erred in allowing the introduction into evidence of an affidavit that was not admissible by statute over the objection of the defendant.
3. The trial court erred in finding that the plaintiff satisfied their burden of proof in establishing that defendant MARY J. KING was under insured or uninsured.
4. The trial court erred in awarding plaintiff general damages of $12,000.00 and medical expenses of $5,500.00.
OPINION
Safeway acknowledges that under its policy it provides Ms. Stephens UM
coverage, but denies that Ms. Stephens established that Ms. King was an UM.
Because we find merit in that argument, we need not consider all of Safeway’s
assignments of error.
The evidence relied on by Ms. Stephens to establish Ms. King’s UM status
was a January 2, 2014 affidavit executed by Tom Abbott, a Virginia Beach,
Virginia, Avis employee. In his affidavit, Mr. Abbott asserted that Avis assigned
him the claim file produced as a result of the accident, acknowledged that Ms.
King rented the Avis vehicle involved in the accident, and stated the following
with regard to the issuance of any insurance to Ms. King:
5. Customers who rent a vehicle from Avis are offered the opportunity to purchase the optional liability coverage.
6. According to rental agreement, Mary Jo King did not purchase any of the optional supplemental coverages, including but not 2 limited to: Supplemental Liability Insurance at the time of the rental.
7. Except where required by law to be primary, any protection provided by Avis shall be secondary to and not in excess of any applicable insurance available to Mary Jo King from any other source, whether primary, excess, secondary or contingent in any way; or if specifically requested and paid for by the renter.
8. Since Mary Jo King did not purchase the optional liability coverage, and there has been no valid personal automobile liability insurance found for either [sic] Mary Jo King that provides primary coverage pursuant to the rental agreement, Avis will provide liability protection for the renter and any additional authorized driver up to the state’s minimum limits of $10,000/$20,000 under the terms of the rental agreement.
Without this affidavit, the record contains no evidence of Ms. King’s insured status;
when counsel for Ms. Stephens offered this affidavit, counsel for Safeway objected
to it being introduced into evidence because it was hearsay. Counsel for Ms.
Stephens argued that the affidavit was an exception to the hearsay rule in that it
was a business record. The question of the admissibility of an affidavit is a
question of law, and “[a]ppellate review of questions of law is to discern whether
the district court’s interpretative decision is legally correct. If legal error is found,
the legal conclusions of the district court are thus subject to de novo review by this
Court.” Forum for Equal. PAC v. McKeithen, 04-2477, 04-2523, p. 10 (La.
1/19/05), 893 So.2d 715, 723 (citation omitted).
Both litigants agree that “[i]n an uninsured motorist claim, plaintiff has the
burden of proof that the owner or operator of the vehicle was uninsured or
underinsured at the time of the accident.” Bullock v. Commercial Union Ins. Co.,
397 So.2d 13, 14 (La.App. 3 Cir. 1981). Additionally, Louisiana statutory law
provides that affidavit evidence may be used to establish the UM status of a driver
of a vehicle involved in an automobile accident. However, the affidavit evidence
3 must comply with the statutory authorization found in La.R.S. 22:1295(6) 4
(emphasis added) which provides three ways to make a prima facie showing that a
motorist is uninsured/underinsured using affidavit testimony:
In any action to enforce a claim under the uninsured motorist provisions of an automobile liability policy the following shall be admissible as prima facie proof that the owner and operator of the vehicle involved did not have automobile liability insurance in effect on the date of the accident in question:
(a) The introduction of sworn notarized affidavits from the owner and the operator of the alleged uninsured vehicle attesting to their current addresses and declaring that they did not have automobile liability insurance in effect covering the vehicle in question on the date of the accident in question. When the owner and the operator of the vehicle in question are the same person, this fact shall be attested to in a single affidavit.
(b) A sworn notarized affidavit by an official of the Department of Public Safety and Corrections to the effect that inquiry has been made pursuant to R.S. 32:871 by depositing the inquiry with the United States mail, postage prepaid, to the address of the owner and operator as shown on the accident report, and that neither the owner nor the operator has responded within thirty days of the inquiry, or that the owner or operator, or both, have responded negatively as to the required security, or a sworn notarized affidavit by an official of the Department of Public Safety and Corrections that said department has not or cannot make an inquiry regarding insurance. This affidavit shall be served by certified mail upon all parties fifteen days prior to introduction into evidence.
(c) Any admissible evidence showing that the owner and operator of the alleged uninsured vehicle was a nonresident or not a citizen of Louisiana on the date of the accident in question, or that the residency and citizenship of the owner or operator of the alleged uninsured vehicle is unknown, together with a sworn notarized affidavit by an official of the Department of Public Safety and Corrections to the effect that on the date of the accident in question, neither the owner nor the operator had in effect a policy of automobile liability insurance.
(d) The effect of the prima facie evidence referred to in Subparagraphs (a), (b), and (c) of this Paragraph is to shift the burden of proof from the party or parties alleging the uninsured status of the vehicle in question to their uninsured motorist insurer.
4 We note that La.R.S. 22:1295 has been amended several times since the accident in this case. However, the language of La.R.S. 22:1295(6) has remained virtually unchanged. We cite to the current version of the statute for this reason. 4 However, if prima facie evidence consistent with the statutory requirements is not
presented, the plaintiff may still prove the uninsured status of a motorist through
other evidence. Bullock, 397 So.2d 13.
In the matter before us, we find that Mr. Abbott’s affidavit is clearly hearsay
as that term is defined in La.Code Evid. art. 801. As pointed out in La.Code Evid.
art. 802, “[h]earsay is not admissible except as otherwise provided by this Code or
by other legislation.” The affidavit does not fall within the exceptions set forth in
La.R.S. 22:1295(6), and it does not fall within the exception to the hearsay rule for
records of regularly conducted business activity. While Mr. Abbott may have used
business records to obtain some of the information in formulating the affidavit, the
affidavit itself is not one of those business records described in La.Code Evid. art.
803(6).
Because the trial court erred as a matter of law in allowing the introduction
of Mr. Abbott’s affidavit, our reviewing responsibility is to perform a de novo
review of the record. In performing such a review, we conclude that no other
evidence exists to establish Ms. King’s UM status and, therefore, Ms. Stephens
failed in her burden of proof as to the liability of Safeway. We reverse the trial
court judgment rendered against Safeway in favor of Ms. Stephens and render
judgment dismissing her claims against Safeway. Having reached this conclusion,
we need not consider the remaining assignments of error.
DISPOSITION
For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the judgment of the trial court finding
Safeway Insurance Co. of Louisiana jointly liable with Mary J. King for Crystal
Stephens’ damages in the accident in this case and render judgment dismissing all
claims for damages by Crystal Stephens against Safeway Insurance Co. of
Louisiana. We assess all costs of this appeal to Crystal Stephens. 5 REVERSED AND RENDERED.