Opinion of the Court by
Justice Beatty, Justice BeosNAN
concurring.
The Chief Justice having been counsel in this case did not participate in this decision.
This was a bill filed for partition of real estate among several tenants in common, account of profits, etc.
The bill alleges that the plaintiff and defendants are the owners of the land in question, and are in possession thereof as tenants in common.
[350]*350The answer denies that “ plaintiff and defendants * * are * or ever have been, as tenants in common or otherwise, owners of, and in the possession of, as tenants in common or otherwise, [of] the * * land.”
In subsequent portions of the answer there is a denial of the allegation made in complaint that plaintiff was the owner of a half interest in the land, and a distinct averment that defendants were owners of the whole tract. But we do not think this answer is sufficient to deny the fact that plaintiff was, when the suit was commenced, in the joint or common occupancy of the land with defendants, and was elcmnwig to be a tenant in common with them.
Indeed, it would seem from the facts developed on the trial, that the answer was not intended to put in issue the allegation that plaintiff was occupying and using the premises in common with defendants, but merely to raise the question of his right to do so.
Whatever may have been the intention of the pleader, we hold this answer does not deny the common occupancy of the plaintiff and defendants, and this must be taken as an admitted fact in the case. The evidence would show this fact with reasonable certainty if it were not admitted, but it frees the case from embarrassment to start out with that as an admitted proposition.
The other facts of the case, about which there is no conflict of testimony, are as follows: •
In the Fall of 1860, John Johnson and Peter Eice agreed to locate a timber ranch. Johnson was to render some personal services in the location and Eice was to pay all the money expenses, and they were to hold the ranch as equal partners, as they both state.
A survey was made at the request of both parties, by the County Surveyor. Eice paid the Surveyor and chain carriers, and when the survey was completed told the Surveyor to make out the certificate of survey in the name of Johnson, for the reason, as would seem, that Eice held several other land claims, and was apprehensive of some difficulty in holding so much land in his own name.
After the survey was made neither party resided on the [351]*351land, and botli of them, either in person or by means of hired men, cut timber from the ranch, and contributed labor towards felling trees, so as to make a marked boundary or fence around the ranch to exclude jumpers or other claimants from the premises surveyed. At the time the survey was made one of the defendants, John Fulton, was in the employ of Eice, and was to have assisted as a chain carrier, or something of that sort, in making the survey for Eice and Johnson.
Indeed, Eice, and we believe one other witness, says positively, he did assist in making the survey. Fulton himself says he was sick and did not assist the Surveyor the day this survey was made, but does not deny that he knew it was being made for Eice.
His language is: “ Eice and Johnson were going up to have the land surveyed. I was to go, but was sick and did not go,” and much more to the same effect.
In the Spring of 1862, there began to be some trouble about maintaining possession of the ranch, and Johnson, to avoid litigation, determined to sell out his interest in the claim, lie applied to McLaughlin to buy. McLaughlin, after several conversations, agreed to purchase if Fulton would join him. Finally a deed was made to McLaughlin and Fulton for all the right, title and interest of Johnson in the land. There is nothing in the granting clause of the deed to indicate whether his interest was an entirety or a half interest. One of the covenants of the deed, however, would seem to indicate that he had a right to sell the entire premises described.
When McLaughlin purchased he says he was aware Eice claimed a part of this land, or an interest in it, but professes to have been ignorant of the nature and extent of his claim He says he asked Johnson, and Johnson told him Eice had no claim; that he, Johnson, had promised Eice half of the land in consideration of a lot in "Washoe that Eice was to give him • but Eice had sold the lot and should have none of the land.
McLaughlin claims that Johnson, after this explanation, sold him the whole of the land, declaring Eice had no interest. Johnson, who testifies, denies all this flatly • states positively that he informed McLaughlin he owned one-half of the land and Eice the other half; that he did not pretend to sell but [352]*352one-half the land; that McLaughlin knew he was buying but one-half; but told Johnson that Rice had suggested the deed might be made to him (McLaughlin) for the whole.
After McLaughlin and Pulton purchased they put up a cabin on the land, and they or their hired men occupied the cabin, and other parties attempted to take up the land, and two suits were brought for the land against McLaughlin and Pulton.
The evidence is conclusive that Rice contributed to the defense of those suits, and that with the consent of both defendants. There is a great deal of other testimony, showing that during two years both defendants, by word and act, recognized the fact that Rice had an interest of some kind in the ranch. In the Spring of 1861 the present plaintiff went on the ranch to assist one of defendants to cut logs for sale. Whilst so assisting defendants, he bought Rice’s interest in the land, and after his purchase, and after a knowledge of such purchase came to the defendants, he was quietly permitted to remain on the ranch to assist in cutting the logs and draw a part of the proceeds of sale of logs. In many other ways defendants seemed to admit his right of possession there.
On the other hand, whilst this knowledge of Rice’s claim, and tacit admission of his equity at least is brought home to defendants, it is stated by McLaughlin, on oath, and corroborated by other testimony, that from the moment McLaughlin got his deed, he began to question Rice’s right to half the property and to require Rice to settle or pay to him the amount of an old note and account which he alleges Rice owed him, and which he could not collect because they were barred by the statute of limitation. There is a great deal of testimony flatly contradicting McLaughlin in many particulars, but without deciding between him and conflicting witnesses, these facts and conclusions may be taken as fully established:
First — When Johnson executed the deed to Pulton and McLaughlin, Pulton knew exactly the nature and character of Rice’s interest in the land.
Second — McLaughlin knew Rice damned an interest in the land, and he had it fully in his power to inform himself of the nature of that interest.
[353]*353Nice lived in that neighborhood, he could have inquired of him, or in his absence from home, of his agent. He could inquired of his own partner, who was conversant with the whole transaction.
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Opinion of the Court by
Justice Beatty, Justice BeosNAN
concurring.
The Chief Justice having been counsel in this case did not participate in this decision.
This was a bill filed for partition of real estate among several tenants in common, account of profits, etc.
The bill alleges that the plaintiff and defendants are the owners of the land in question, and are in possession thereof as tenants in common.
[350]*350The answer denies that “ plaintiff and defendants * * are * or ever have been, as tenants in common or otherwise, owners of, and in the possession of, as tenants in common or otherwise, [of] the * * land.”
In subsequent portions of the answer there is a denial of the allegation made in complaint that plaintiff was the owner of a half interest in the land, and a distinct averment that defendants were owners of the whole tract. But we do not think this answer is sufficient to deny the fact that plaintiff was, when the suit was commenced, in the joint or common occupancy of the land with defendants, and was elcmnwig to be a tenant in common with them.
Indeed, it would seem from the facts developed on the trial, that the answer was not intended to put in issue the allegation that plaintiff was occupying and using the premises in common with defendants, but merely to raise the question of his right to do so.
Whatever may have been the intention of the pleader, we hold this answer does not deny the common occupancy of the plaintiff and defendants, and this must be taken as an admitted fact in the case. The evidence would show this fact with reasonable certainty if it were not admitted, but it frees the case from embarrassment to start out with that as an admitted proposition.
The other facts of the case, about which there is no conflict of testimony, are as follows: •
In the Fall of 1860, John Johnson and Peter Eice agreed to locate a timber ranch. Johnson was to render some personal services in the location and Eice was to pay all the money expenses, and they were to hold the ranch as equal partners, as they both state.
A survey was made at the request of both parties, by the County Surveyor. Eice paid the Surveyor and chain carriers, and when the survey was completed told the Surveyor to make out the certificate of survey in the name of Johnson, for the reason, as would seem, that Eice held several other land claims, and was apprehensive of some difficulty in holding so much land in his own name.
After the survey was made neither party resided on the [351]*351land, and botli of them, either in person or by means of hired men, cut timber from the ranch, and contributed labor towards felling trees, so as to make a marked boundary or fence around the ranch to exclude jumpers or other claimants from the premises surveyed. At the time the survey was made one of the defendants, John Fulton, was in the employ of Eice, and was to have assisted as a chain carrier, or something of that sort, in making the survey for Eice and Johnson.
Indeed, Eice, and we believe one other witness, says positively, he did assist in making the survey. Fulton himself says he was sick and did not assist the Surveyor the day this survey was made, but does not deny that he knew it was being made for Eice.
His language is: “ Eice and Johnson were going up to have the land surveyed. I was to go, but was sick and did not go,” and much more to the same effect.
In the Spring of 1862, there began to be some trouble about maintaining possession of the ranch, and Johnson, to avoid litigation, determined to sell out his interest in the claim, lie applied to McLaughlin to buy. McLaughlin, after several conversations, agreed to purchase if Fulton would join him. Finally a deed was made to McLaughlin and Fulton for all the right, title and interest of Johnson in the land. There is nothing in the granting clause of the deed to indicate whether his interest was an entirety or a half interest. One of the covenants of the deed, however, would seem to indicate that he had a right to sell the entire premises described.
When McLaughlin purchased he says he was aware Eice claimed a part of this land, or an interest in it, but professes to have been ignorant of the nature and extent of his claim He says he asked Johnson, and Johnson told him Eice had no claim; that he, Johnson, had promised Eice half of the land in consideration of a lot in "Washoe that Eice was to give him • but Eice had sold the lot and should have none of the land.
McLaughlin claims that Johnson, after this explanation, sold him the whole of the land, declaring Eice had no interest. Johnson, who testifies, denies all this flatly • states positively that he informed McLaughlin he owned one-half of the land and Eice the other half; that he did not pretend to sell but [352]*352one-half the land; that McLaughlin knew he was buying but one-half; but told Johnson that Rice had suggested the deed might be made to him (McLaughlin) for the whole.
After McLaughlin and Pulton purchased they put up a cabin on the land, and they or their hired men occupied the cabin, and other parties attempted to take up the land, and two suits were brought for the land against McLaughlin and Pulton.
The evidence is conclusive that Rice contributed to the defense of those suits, and that with the consent of both defendants. There is a great deal of other testimony, showing that during two years both defendants, by word and act, recognized the fact that Rice had an interest of some kind in the ranch. In the Spring of 1861 the present plaintiff went on the ranch to assist one of defendants to cut logs for sale. Whilst so assisting defendants, he bought Rice’s interest in the land, and after his purchase, and after a knowledge of such purchase came to the defendants, he was quietly permitted to remain on the ranch to assist in cutting the logs and draw a part of the proceeds of sale of logs. In many other ways defendants seemed to admit his right of possession there.
On the other hand, whilst this knowledge of Rice’s claim, and tacit admission of his equity at least is brought home to defendants, it is stated by McLaughlin, on oath, and corroborated by other testimony, that from the moment McLaughlin got his deed, he began to question Rice’s right to half the property and to require Rice to settle or pay to him the amount of an old note and account which he alleges Rice owed him, and which he could not collect because they were barred by the statute of limitation. There is a great deal of testimony flatly contradicting McLaughlin in many particulars, but without deciding between him and conflicting witnesses, these facts and conclusions may be taken as fully established:
First — When Johnson executed the deed to Pulton and McLaughlin, Pulton knew exactly the nature and character of Rice’s interest in the land.
Second — McLaughlin knew Rice damned an interest in the land, and he had it fully in his power to inform himself of the nature of that interest.
[353]*353Nice lived in that neighborhood, he could have inquired of him, or in his absence from home, of his agent. He could inquired of his own partner, who was conversant with the whole transaction.
It was not using diligence on his part (after having heard of an equity in favor of Eice) to rely solely on the representation of Johnson. If Johnson was trying to make a fraudulent sale of land, in which Nice had an interest, of course he was not the one of whom to make inquiry about Eice’s title or equity. Eulton had full notice McLaughlin had such as to put him on inquiry, and he either was fully informed of the equity or willfully and fraudulently kept himself in ignorance.
Under the Utah Statutes about surveys, and the rights acquired under them, and all the circumstances attending this case, it might be a difficult point to determine whether Johnson and Eice should be considered as tenants in common of this ranch, or Johnson considered as holding the legal title (so far as possession of public land can give title), with a resulting trust in favor of Eice for one-half of it.
In either event the rights of Crosier are the same. If they were tenants in common, the deed of Johnson only conveyed a half interest to McLaughlin and Eulton. If Johnson had the entire legal title, then he held one-half interest in trust for Eice, and they being purchasers with notice held it the same way.
The plaintiff is entitled to the relief sought in his bill.
This case was submitted to a jury and they brought in a general verdict for defendants. On this verdict a judgment for costs was entered against plaintiff. The plaintiff moved for a new trial, which the Court refused, and he appeals both from the judgment and order overruling the motion for new trial. The Judge who tried the case in the Court below seems to have refused *a new trial, not because he was satisfied with the verdict, but because it was the second jury that had given the same verdict. Were it a common law case, that would be a very strong reason for not granting a new trial; but this was a chancery case that did not involve any important issues of fact. It depended on the application of legal principles which a jury were incapable of determining. It should never have been submitted to a jury,
[354]*354Tbe judgment for costs and dismissal of complaint is set aside.
Tbe Court below will decree a partition of tbe property, and take sucli steps as may be necessary to adjust tbe accounts between tbe parties, and give sucli other relief as tbe nature of tbe case may require.