NUMBER 13-14-00606-CV
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG
CRISTINA CASTANEDA, Appellant,
v.
DANNETTE ZUNIGA, Appellee.
On appeal from the County Court at Law No. 2 Hidalgo County, Texas.
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Rodriguez, Benavides, and Perkes Memorandum Opinion by Justice Benavides This appeal involves a landlord-tenant dispute. By three issues, appellant Cristina
Castaneda, appearing pro se, challenges the judgment of the trial court ordering
Castaneda to pay appellee Dannette Zuniga three months’ rent totaling $1,250.00.
Castaneda asserts that: (1) the trial court erred in excluding critical evidence; (2) the evidence is factually insufficient to support the trial court’s judgment; and (3) the trial court
erred by not providing appellant sufficient notice of its final order. We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
Zuniga is the landlord for 3709 Frio Avenue (“the property”) in McAllen, the
property previously occupied by Castaneda and her family. Castaneda received
subsidized housing from the McAllen Housing Authority (MHA).
Castaneda and her husband had previously complained to Zuniga about the
construction being performed on the roof of their house. Castaneda claimed that the
construction was causing insulation and mice to enter their home through the air vents,
which was making their children sick. Castaneda reported these problems along with a
large dent in the home’s floor to the MHA and to Zuniga.
At the beginning of May 2014, Zuniga gave Castaneda notice to vacate the
property within thirty days. Zuniga testified that in the beginning of June, Castaneda
refused to vacate the property. On June 4, 2014, Zuniga filed suit in a justice court
requesting an order of eviction. On June 17, 2014, a letter was sent to Castaneda from
MHA stating that the MHA planned to pay Castaneda’s rent for the month of June. The
hearing in justice court was held on June 18th, and the justice of the peace ruled in favor
of Zuniga. Castaneda was ordered to pay the overdue rent and vacate the premises. On
June 19th, another letter was sent from the MHA to Castaneda stating that despite
previous correspondence to the contrary, MHA would not, in fact, be paying the rent for
the month of June due to the result of the trial the day before. Castaneda appealed this
judgment to county court. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE 51.001 (West, Westlaw
through 2015 R.S.).
2 A hearing was held on the appeal on September 2, 2014. The county court ruled
in favor of Zuniga and awarded her unpaid rent totaling $1,250.00 and ordered that
Castaneda vacate the property. On September 5, 2014, the order of eviction was signed
and mailed to Castaneda by the trial court. The record shows that Castaneda received
this notice on September 8, 2014. On September 7, 2014, Zuniga requested a police
officer to accompany her while she entered the premises and removed Castaneda’s
remaining property.
On September 12, 2014 the trial court signed and mailed the final judgment to
Castaneda ordering her to pay Zuniga $1,250.00 for three months of unpaid rent.
Castaneda subsequently filed a motion for new trial, which the trial court denied. This
appeal followed.
II. EXCLUDING EVIDENCE
By her first issue, Castaneda claims that the trial court erred by excluding critical
evidence at trial.
A. Standard of Review
Evidentiary rulings are “committed to the trial court's sound discretion.” City of
Brownsville v. Alvarado, 897 S.W.2d 750, 753 (Tex. 1995). A trial court abuses its
discretion when it rules “without regard for any guiding rules or principles.” Id. An
appellate court must uphold the trial court's evidentiary ruling if there is any legitimate
basis for the ruling. See State Bar of Tex. v. Evans, 774 S.W.2d 656, 658 (Tex. 1989).
Moreover, we will not reverse a trial court for an erroneous evidentiary ruling unless the
error probably caused the rendition of an improper judgment. See TEX. R. APP. P. 44.1.
3 B. Waiver
As a threshold matter, we note that Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure Rule 38.1,
requires that an appellant’s “brief must contain a clear and concise argument for the
contentions made, with appropriate citations to authorities and to the record.” TEX. R.
APP. P. 38.1(i). While Castaneda lists this issue in the “Issues Presented” section of her
brief, her brief argues nothing further regarding the trial court’s exclusion of critical
evidence at trial. Furthermore, her brief provides no citations to case law or statutes that
would support her argument.
When the appellate issue is unsupported by argument or lacks citation to the
record or legal authority, nothing is presented for review. Nevarez v. Investment
Retrievers, Inc., 324 S.W.3d 238 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2010, no pet.) (citing Republic
Underwriters Ins. Co. v. Mex–Tex, Inc., 150 S.W.3d 423, 427 (Tex. 2004)). Therefore,
we find this issue inadequately briefed and overrule this issue.1
III. FACTUAL SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE
By her second issue, Castaneda claims that there was factually insufficient
evidence to support the trial court’s decision.
When reviewing a verdict to determine the factual sufficiency of the evidence, the
court of appeals must consider and weigh all the evidence, and should set aside the
verdict only if it is so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence as to be clearly
wrong and unjust. Cain v. Bain, 709 S.W.2d 175, 175 (Tex. 1986); see Dyson v. Olin
Corp., 692 S.W.2d 456, 457 (Tex. 1985). The evidence supporting the verdict is to be
1 While Castaneda is pro se, we must hold pro se litigants to the same standard as represented litigants. 4 weighed along with the other evidence in the case, including that which is contrary to the
verdict. In Re King's Estate, 244 S.W.2d 660, 661 (Tex. 1951).
B. Applicable Law and Discussion
According to Zuniga’s testimony, Castaneda owed Zuniga for three months’ rent,
yard maintenance fees, and past due electric bills. The record shows that Zuniga
presented evidence that Castaneda had been occupying the property despite being
ordered to vacate. The police report filed on September 7, 2014 clearly states that the
locks to the house had been changed and that there was still property belonging to
Castaneda in the house. Zuniga requested that the trial court award Zuniga three months’
unpaid rent, the amount of $215.62 for electricity, fees for failing to perform yard
maintenance, and her court fees. After receiving testimony, the trial court ordered that
Castaneda pay Zuniga $1,250.00 for unpaid rent, but did not award Zuniga the other
damages she requested.
The record further shows that Castaneda did not attempt to rebut the fact that she
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NUMBER 13-14-00606-CV
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG
CRISTINA CASTANEDA, Appellant,
v.
DANNETTE ZUNIGA, Appellee.
On appeal from the County Court at Law No. 2 Hidalgo County, Texas.
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Rodriguez, Benavides, and Perkes Memorandum Opinion by Justice Benavides This appeal involves a landlord-tenant dispute. By three issues, appellant Cristina
Castaneda, appearing pro se, challenges the judgment of the trial court ordering
Castaneda to pay appellee Dannette Zuniga three months’ rent totaling $1,250.00.
Castaneda asserts that: (1) the trial court erred in excluding critical evidence; (2) the evidence is factually insufficient to support the trial court’s judgment; and (3) the trial court
erred by not providing appellant sufficient notice of its final order. We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
Zuniga is the landlord for 3709 Frio Avenue (“the property”) in McAllen, the
property previously occupied by Castaneda and her family. Castaneda received
subsidized housing from the McAllen Housing Authority (MHA).
Castaneda and her husband had previously complained to Zuniga about the
construction being performed on the roof of their house. Castaneda claimed that the
construction was causing insulation and mice to enter their home through the air vents,
which was making their children sick. Castaneda reported these problems along with a
large dent in the home’s floor to the MHA and to Zuniga.
At the beginning of May 2014, Zuniga gave Castaneda notice to vacate the
property within thirty days. Zuniga testified that in the beginning of June, Castaneda
refused to vacate the property. On June 4, 2014, Zuniga filed suit in a justice court
requesting an order of eviction. On June 17, 2014, a letter was sent to Castaneda from
MHA stating that the MHA planned to pay Castaneda’s rent for the month of June. The
hearing in justice court was held on June 18th, and the justice of the peace ruled in favor
of Zuniga. Castaneda was ordered to pay the overdue rent and vacate the premises. On
June 19th, another letter was sent from the MHA to Castaneda stating that despite
previous correspondence to the contrary, MHA would not, in fact, be paying the rent for
the month of June due to the result of the trial the day before. Castaneda appealed this
judgment to county court. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE 51.001 (West, Westlaw
through 2015 R.S.).
2 A hearing was held on the appeal on September 2, 2014. The county court ruled
in favor of Zuniga and awarded her unpaid rent totaling $1,250.00 and ordered that
Castaneda vacate the property. On September 5, 2014, the order of eviction was signed
and mailed to Castaneda by the trial court. The record shows that Castaneda received
this notice on September 8, 2014. On September 7, 2014, Zuniga requested a police
officer to accompany her while she entered the premises and removed Castaneda’s
remaining property.
On September 12, 2014 the trial court signed and mailed the final judgment to
Castaneda ordering her to pay Zuniga $1,250.00 for three months of unpaid rent.
Castaneda subsequently filed a motion for new trial, which the trial court denied. This
appeal followed.
II. EXCLUDING EVIDENCE
By her first issue, Castaneda claims that the trial court erred by excluding critical
evidence at trial.
A. Standard of Review
Evidentiary rulings are “committed to the trial court's sound discretion.” City of
Brownsville v. Alvarado, 897 S.W.2d 750, 753 (Tex. 1995). A trial court abuses its
discretion when it rules “without regard for any guiding rules or principles.” Id. An
appellate court must uphold the trial court's evidentiary ruling if there is any legitimate
basis for the ruling. See State Bar of Tex. v. Evans, 774 S.W.2d 656, 658 (Tex. 1989).
Moreover, we will not reverse a trial court for an erroneous evidentiary ruling unless the
error probably caused the rendition of an improper judgment. See TEX. R. APP. P. 44.1.
3 B. Waiver
As a threshold matter, we note that Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure Rule 38.1,
requires that an appellant’s “brief must contain a clear and concise argument for the
contentions made, with appropriate citations to authorities and to the record.” TEX. R.
APP. P. 38.1(i). While Castaneda lists this issue in the “Issues Presented” section of her
brief, her brief argues nothing further regarding the trial court’s exclusion of critical
evidence at trial. Furthermore, her brief provides no citations to case law or statutes that
would support her argument.
When the appellate issue is unsupported by argument or lacks citation to the
record or legal authority, nothing is presented for review. Nevarez v. Investment
Retrievers, Inc., 324 S.W.3d 238 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2010, no pet.) (citing Republic
Underwriters Ins. Co. v. Mex–Tex, Inc., 150 S.W.3d 423, 427 (Tex. 2004)). Therefore,
we find this issue inadequately briefed and overrule this issue.1
III. FACTUAL SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE
By her second issue, Castaneda claims that there was factually insufficient
evidence to support the trial court’s decision.
When reviewing a verdict to determine the factual sufficiency of the evidence, the
court of appeals must consider and weigh all the evidence, and should set aside the
verdict only if it is so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence as to be clearly
wrong and unjust. Cain v. Bain, 709 S.W.2d 175, 175 (Tex. 1986); see Dyson v. Olin
Corp., 692 S.W.2d 456, 457 (Tex. 1985). The evidence supporting the verdict is to be
1 While Castaneda is pro se, we must hold pro se litigants to the same standard as represented litigants. 4 weighed along with the other evidence in the case, including that which is contrary to the
verdict. In Re King's Estate, 244 S.W.2d 660, 661 (Tex. 1951).
B. Applicable Law and Discussion
According to Zuniga’s testimony, Castaneda owed Zuniga for three months’ rent,
yard maintenance fees, and past due electric bills. The record shows that Zuniga
presented evidence that Castaneda had been occupying the property despite being
ordered to vacate. The police report filed on September 7, 2014 clearly states that the
locks to the house had been changed and that there was still property belonging to
Castaneda in the house. Zuniga requested that the trial court award Zuniga three months’
unpaid rent, the amount of $215.62 for electricity, fees for failing to perform yard
maintenance, and her court fees. After receiving testimony, the trial court ordered that
Castaneda pay Zuniga $1,250.00 for unpaid rent, but did not award Zuniga the other
damages she requested.
The record further shows that Castaneda did not attempt to rebut the fact that she
owed Zuniga the $1,250.00, but instead argues that the MHA is responsible for the rent.
She claims that the contract she entered into with the MHA stated that the MHA was
responsible for the full amount of rent and utilities paid to Zuniga. Castaneda neither
attempted to disprove this evidence or cross examine Zuniga on these points nor
presented any evidence to counter the money owned to Zuniga. After weighing the
evidence, we conclude that the trial court’s verdict is not so contrary to the overwhelming
weight of the evidence as to be clearly unjust. See Cain v. Bain, 709 S.W.2d at 175. We
overrule Castaneda’s second issue.
5 IV. FAILURE TO PROVIDE SUFFICIENT NOTICE
By her third issue, Castaneda claims she did not receive sufficient notice of the
court’s final judgment. The Texas Property Code states the court must notify the tenant
of its decision ordering an eviction by sending a copy of the judgment to the tenant’s
premises by first class mail no later than forty-eight hours after the entry of the judgment.
TEX. PROP. CODE ANN. 24.0061 (West, Westlaw through 2015 R.S.). The record shows
that, the trial court’s final judgment was signed and mailed on September 12, 2014.
Because the trial court signed and mailed the judgment on the same day, the trial court
did not err. We overrule Castaneda’s third issue.
V. CONCLUSION
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
GINA M. BENAVIDES, Justice
Delivered and filed the 14th day of July, 2016.