Creative Power Solutions v. Energy Services Group

• Court: District Court, D. Arizona
• Decided: March 4, 2025
• Docket: 2:21-cv-01559
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 WO 2 3 4 5 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA

9 Creative Power Solutions, No. CV-21-01559-PHX-DLR

10 Plaintiff, ORDER

11 v.

12 Energy Services Group, et al.,

13 Defendants. 14 15 16 Before the Court is Defendants/Counterclaimants’ Motion Regarding Waiver of 17 Attorney-Client Privilege. (Doc. 215.) The motion is fully briefed and, for the reasons set 18 forth below, is granted in part. 19 I. Background 20 Plaintiff’s complaint contains a claim for declaratory judgment seeking an order 21 requiring Defendant Brent Gregory to sign over to Plaintiff all intellectual property 22 obtained during his employment.1 (Doc. 10 at 40-41, 50.) The basis of Plaintiff’s claim to 23 the subject intellectual property is an “Employee Confidentiality, Work Product 24 Assignment, Noncompetition and Non-Solicitation Agreement” entered in 2008. (Id. at 25 41.) The subject intellectual property consists of five patents that were applied for in 2010. 26 (Id.) The issue in dispute, the ownership of the patents, will be determined by the 2008

27 1 It is not clear to the Court how a declaratory judgment claim could permit any greater relief beyond a declaration of the parties’ rights and obligations, but the incongruity 28 between the nature of the claim alleged and the nature of the relief requested is not material to the present motion. 1 Agreement. (Id.) 2 In anticipation of disclosing Plaintiff’s attorney Shawn White as a non-retained 3 expert witness, Defendants seek a determination that Plaintiff has waived the attorney- 4 client privilege with respect to all communications with White concerning White’s 5 representation of Plaintiff and his communications, knowledge, and opinions related to the 6 patents at issue. Defendants base their claim of waiver of the attorney-client privilege on 7 (1) the deposition testimony of Brent Gregory, wherein he states that White advised him 8 not to sign over the patents, (2) Plaintiff’s Seventh Supplemental Disclosure Statement, 9 wherein Plaintiff states that some of the documents it might use to support its claims are 10 “Shawn White emails. Bates # CPS 002677-002679; 002757-002759,” and (3) the 11 deposition of Majed Toqan, wherein he testified about conversations with White. 12 II. Discussion 13 The attorney-client privilege protects confidential communications between 14 attorneys and clients regarding the seeking and/or giving of legal advice. Upjohn Co. v. 15 United States, 449 U.S. 393, 389 (1981). The voluntary disclosure of privileged 16 communications to third parties will generally result in a waiver of the privilege. In re Pac. 17 Pictures Corp., 679 F.3d 1121, 1126-27 (9th Cir. 2012). Disclosure of information 18 resulting in the waiver of the attorney-client privilege constitutes waiver “only as to 19 communications about the matter actually disclosed.” Chevron Cor. V. Pennzoil Co., 974 20 F.2d 1156, 1162 (9th Cir. 1992) (quoting Weil v. Inv./Indicators, Rsch. & Mgmet., Inc., 21 647 F.2d 18, 25 (9th Cir. 1981)). 22 Defendants claim that Plaintiff’s disclosure of emails, White’s communication with 23 Gregory, and the disclosure in Toqan’s deposition of communications with White relate to 24 the transfer and value of the patents and constitute a complete waiver as to all attorney- 25 client communications on those issues. (Doc. 215 at 5.) A review of those communications 26 reveals that there has been a limited waiver of the attorney-client privilege. However, the 27 waiver is not as expansive as argued by Defendants. 28 First, the discussion White had with Gregory. If that discussion occurred, the 1 privilege has been waived as to its entire content. There is no limitation on discovery about 2 what was said in that discussion, but the privilege has not been waived as to anything 3 beyond that. 4 Second, whatever privilege attached to the contents of the emails disclosed in 5 discovery as evidence Plaintiff might use to support its claim has been waived. Although 6 the identification of documents as potential evidence is not determinative of the 7 documents’ relevance at trial, when a party points to documents as evidence it might use 8 at trial, the documents become relevant for discovery purposes. It would not be fair to allow 9 a party to point to a document as relevant evidence and then deny the other side the 10 opportunity to conduct discovery into that document. 11 A review, however, shows that Defendants’ expansive view of the waiver of the 12 attorney-client privilege is not supported by the contents of the emails. Defendants’ view 13 that the emails open doors into attorney-client communications about the value of the 14 patents and “corporate governance” is unsupported. 15 Toqan’s email to White dated November 5, 2013, and White’s email to Toqan and 16 Gregory dated November 8, 2013, do not contain any substantive factual statements or 17 opinions from White about the value of the patents. Although White makes a commonsense 18 acknowledgment that unless there was some value, Toqan and Gregory would not be 19 making efforts to take the patents to market, he offers no opinion about what that value 20 might be. There has been no waiver of the privilege as it pertains to opinions on value other 21 than the statement that there must be some value. Inquiry into that statement is fair game 22 for examination. In that same email exchange, Toqan expressed an opinion that the 23 technology has no value in its then status. The privilege as to that attorney-client 24 communication has been waived, and Toqan’s opinion may be explored. But the email 25 does not support a claim that White has expressed an opinion about the value of the patents 26 such that all attorney-client communications about the value of the patents are 27 discoverable. 28 As to corporate governance, the emails to and from White and Child dated May 7 and 15, 2012, do not open the door to all attorney-client communications regarding all 2|| corporate governance. The waiver resulting from the disclosure of those emails goes only || to the specific contents of the emails; instructions about completing shareholders and 4|| directors minutes each year and the requirement to get directors’ approval and written notes 5 || and minutes to support money loaned to a shareholder. That advice is narrow, specific, and || standard. There is no disclosure of any matter beyond that corporate advice that supports a 7\|| finding that the privilege has been waived as to all communications regarding corporate 8 || governance. Defendants may explore in discovery the contents of the subject emails but || may not go beyond what is set forth in the emails. 10 Third, the privilege has been waived as to anything that was discussed in Toqan’s 11 || deposition about conversations with White. However, after having reviewed the transcript || of Toqan’s deposition supplied by Defendants (Doc. 215-1), the Court finds nothing 13 || contained in the deposition that amounts to a waiver of the privilege as to any || communications outside of those described in the deposition. Defendants may explore the 15 || communications discussed in Toqan’s deposition but may not go beyond those 16 || communications. 17 IT IS ORDERED that Defendants/Counterclaimants’ Motion Regarding Waiver of 18 || Attorney-Client Privilege (Doc. 215) is GRANTED IN PART as explained herein. 19 Dated this 3rd day of March, 2025. 20 21 22 {Z, 23 {UO 24 Son United States District Judge 25 26 27 28

-4-