Crawford v. State

554 S.W.2d 491, 1977 Mo. App. LEXIS 2854
CourtMissouri Court of Appeals
DecidedJune 27, 1977
DocketNo. KCD 27935
StatusPublished
Cited by8 cases

This text of 554 S.W.2d 491 (Crawford v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Missouri Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Crawford v. State, 554 S.W.2d 491, 1977 Mo. App. LEXIS 2854 (Mo. Ct. App. 1977).

Opinion

DIXON, Judge.

On March 18, 1975, the court below denied the movant’s pro se Rule 27.26 motion to vacate his sentence without evidentiary hearing or appointment of counsel. The movant appeals. The judgment is final. This court has the proper appellate jurisdiction. The judgment is affirmed.

The movant contends the trial court erred: in considering prior convictions after jury agreed on guilt and not on punishment when defendant was not charged under Second Offender Act; in assessing punishment after ruling motion for new trial because it denied defendant opportunity to object; in sentencing defendant when not charged under Second Offender Act; with an abuse of discretion in failing to appoint counsel.

The claims of error are considerably condensed from appointed counsel’s brief which in turn has made a valiant, albeit only partially successful, attempt to state recognizable points on the basis of the pro se motion as filed.

The procedural history of the movant’s direct criminal appeal and this proceeding are somewhat complex and should be set forth in the interest of clarity.

On April 4,1973, a jury found the movant guilty of first degree robbery by means of a dangerous and deadly weapon. The jury was unable to assess punishment. The court overruled the movant’s motion for a new trial. Thereafter, the court sentenced [493]*493the movant to thirty years’ imprisonment. At that time, the movant made no objection to the court’s assessment of punishment after he had already filed his motion for new trial. During the trial the movant was represented by court-appointed counsel.

On June 5,1973, the movant filed a notice of appeal from the May 25, 1973 judgment and sentence. He was represented on the direct appeal by counsel of his own choice.

On April 11, 1974, the movant filed this Rule 27.26 motion to vacate the May 25, 1973 judgment and sentence. The movant filed the Rule 27.26 motion pro se. In the motion, he asked that the court appoint counsel for him. The court did not appoint counsel for the movant on the 27.26 motion.

The movant’s direct appeal was dismissed on October 10, 1974, by this court because the appellant had failed to properly prosecute the appeal.

On March 18, 1975, the court denied the movant’s Rule 27.26 motion to vacate his sentence without holding an evidentiary hearing. On March 20, 1975, after the court had already denied the movant’s Rule 27.26 motion, the movant attempted to amend the motion, but the trial court took no action on the amendment.

On October 30,1975, this court reinstated the movant’s direct appeal from the conviction and judgment of May 25, 1973. The court appointed counsel to represent the movant on the reinstated direct appeal, the same counsel had been appointed to represent movant on his appeal of the denial of his motion.

On November 5, 1975, the movant was allowed to file an out of time notice of appeal from the denial by the court below of his Rule 27.26 motion.

On November 14,1975, this court ordered that the movant’s Rule 27.26 appeal be held in abeyance until the court decided the movant’s direct appeal which had been reinstated on October 30, 1975.

This court decided the direct appeal on July 6, 1976, affirming the judgment, conviction and sentence of the trial court. State v. Crawford, 539 S.W.2d 633 (Mo.App.1976).

On October 20, 1976, this court reactivated the movant’s Rule 27.26 appeal because the judgment on the movant’s direct appeal had become final.

As best it may be gleaned from the pro se motion and appointed counsel’s brief, the first point attacks the trial court’s consideration of prior convictions not charged in the information. The argument is that the statute (Section 556.280(2)) requires that the trial court hear evidence of prior convictions prior to submission to the jury; not having done so in this case, they could not be considered in assessing defendant’s punishment. The pro se motion concludes that since the statute was not followed, the movant was denied due process. The point may be resolved on any one of three grounds. First, the point is precluded from review under Rule 27.26 because it is a matter of trial error. Trial errors are for direct appeal and not within the purview of a motion to vacate a judgment and sentence. Brown v. State, 512 S.W.2d 404 (Mo.App.1974); Coney v. State, 491 S.W.2d 501 (Mo.1973).

Second, movant’s conclusory contention that his constitutional rights were impaired does not bootstrap the contention to reviewable status. It is true that a trial error which affects a constitutional right may be raised in a 27.26 proceeding even though the point was not raised on direct appeal. Drope v. Missouri, 420 U.S. 162, 95 S.Ct. 896, 43 L.Ed.2d 103 (1975). State v. Brownridge, 506 S.W.2d 466 (Mo.App.1974). However, one may not obtain a post-conviction review of a trial error by making the conclusory allegation that the trial error violated the movant’s constitutional rights. O’Neal v. State, 486 S.W.2d 206, 208 (Mo.1972); Agee v. State, 512 S.W.2d 401, 402 (Mo.App.1974); Mayo v. State, 524 S.W.2d 181, 182 (Mo.App.1975); Booth v. State, 491 S.W.2d 286, 288 (Mo.1973).

Third, when a defendant is not charged under the Second Offender Act, it is not improper for a trial judge to consider the prior criminal record of a defendant in [494]*494assessing punishment against that defendant after the defendant has been found guilty by a jury which is unable to assess punishment. In State v. Goforth, 535 S.W.2d 464, 468 (Mo.App.1976), the jury was unable to assess punishment after finding the defendant guilty of second degree murder. The court then discharged the jury and sentenced the defendant to thirty years’ imprisonment. The court ruled that the trial court properly considered the prior criminal record of the defendant in assessing punishment. The court said:

“When the jury was unable to agree upon the punishment that duty devolved upon the court. Rule 27.03. In such circumstances the court should take into consideration not only the nature and circumstances of the offense but also the character and propensities of the offender as well as his past. . . . Among the matters in one’s past which the court should consider is the existence of a prior criminal record.”

The court may properly consider the prior criminal record of the defendant in assessing punishment if the defendant is not charged under the Second Offender Act and the court is required to impose punishment (a) when the defendant pleads guilty, State v. Armstrong, 433 S.W.2d 270, 272 (Mo.1968); (b) when the jury finds the defendant guilty but is unable to assess punishment, State v. Oldham,

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Bluebook (online)
554 S.W.2d 491, 1977 Mo. App. LEXIS 2854, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/crawford-v-state-moctapp-1977.