Crawford v. Kramer

130 F. App'x 124

Opinion

MEMORANDUM

*

Mark Jeffrey Crawford appeals the district court’s denial of his 28 U.S.C. § 2254 habeas corpus petition. We affirm.

I

Crawford’s ineffective assistance of counsel claim fails because there is no reasonable probability that the outcome of his trial would have been different had Monique Harmer, Tina Hudson, Michelle Simas, and Paul Crawford testified that Richard Hara lived in Crawford’s apartment and possessed the drugs in the duffel bag found underneath the stairwell, and had the record of Hara’s arrest and conviction for methamphetamine possession been presented to the jury. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). Even if the drugs were Hara’s, the jury would still have found Crawford guilty on the basis of constructive possession because he exercised at least joint dominion and control over the drugs with Hara. See Armstrong v. Superior Court, 217 Cal.App.3d 535, 539, 265 Cal.Rptr. 877 (1990); People v. Valerio, 13 Cal.App.3d 912, 921, 92 Cal.Rptr. 82 (1970).

II

For the same reason, the state court’s decision that failure to disclose the fact of Hara’s arrest was not material is not contrary to, nor an unreasonable application of, clearly established Supreme Court precedent. Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 10 L.Ed.2d 215 (1963); see Kyles v. Whitley, 514 U.S. 419, 434, 436, 115 S.Ct. 1555, 131 L.Ed.2d 490 (1995) (equating the prejudice inquiry under Strickland with the materiality inquiry under Brady); United States v. Bagley, 473 U.S. 667, 682, 105 S.Ct. 3375, 87 L.Ed.2d 481 (1985) (same).

III

While admission of Crawford’s statements indicating the existence and location of the keys to the red toolbox was erroneous under Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966), the California Court of Appeal did not unreasonably apply Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 87 S.Ct. 824, 17 L.Ed.2d 705 (1967), in concluding that this error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. Ample circumstantial evidence (apart from his unwarned statements) showed that Crawford owned the red toolbox, and that it would have inevitably been discovered. The keys were lying four feet away from the red toolbox on a desk or coffee table. On the same keychain as the key that opened the red toolbox were a key that opened the safe in Crawford’s bedroom and keys that opened two cars of which Crawford was the registered owner. There was no evidence linking anyone else to the toolbox.

IY

As the Miranda violation is the only constitutional error, and that error was harmless, Crawford’s claim of cumulative error necessarily fails. In addition, he is not entitled to an evidentiary hearing because the facts Crawford alleges in his petition, if proven, would not entitle him to habeas relief. See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(e)(2); Williams v. Taylor, 529 U.S. 420, 120 S.Ct. 1479, 146 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000).

AFFIRMED.

This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.