In the Missouri Court of Appeals Eastern District DIVISION ONE
CRAIG A. GILBERT, ) No. ED107043 ) Respondent/Cross-Appellant, ) Appeal from the Circuit Court ) of St. Louis County vs. ) ) Hon. Sandra Farragut-Hemphill AYSIN KOPARAN, ) ) Filed: Appellant/Cross-Respondent. ) September 17, 2019
Aysin Koparan (“Mother”) appeals from the judgment entered on the motion of
Craig Gilbert (“Father”) to modify the decree of dissolution and for attorneys’ fees among
other various cross-motions filed by the parties. Father cross-appeals. We affirm.
Mother and Father were divorced on April 20, 2012. Pursuant to the dissolution of
marriage, Mother and Father were awarded joint physical and legal custody of their two
minor children. After continued litigation following dissolution, on October 24, 2016, a
consent judgment on child custody was entered, whereby Mother and Father continued to
share joint legal and physical custody. On December 14, 2016, Father filed a third amended
motion to modify the dissolution decree, seeking sole legal and physical custody of the
children. Father also obtained a temporary restraining order the same day pursuant to
which Father was granted temporary physical custody of the children subject to Mother’s
rights of reasonable custody as well as sole legal custody with regard to medical decisions
for the children. Following trial, the trial court awarded Father sole legal custody and joint physical custody with Mother. The parties went from approximately equal custody time
under the previous judgment to Father now having custody 8 out of every 14 days. The
trial court awarded Mother $1,104 in monthly child support and also ordered Mother to
pay Father $52,411.25 in attorneys’ fees and $2,115 in costs. This appeal and cross-appeal
follows.
On appeal, Mother claims the trial court erred in five ways: (1) in modifying child
custody because there was no substantial evidence of new circumstances since the October
2016 consent judgment demonstrating a substantial change of such a significant nature that
it directly affected the welfare of the children, (2) in misapplying the law in modifying
child custody because it was plain error to use the fact that Mother exercised her right to
access the legal system as a basis to find a substantial change in circumstances, (3) in
misapplying the law in modifying child custody because the trial court improperly
considered events and circumstances from before the prior custody decree in finding a
substantial change in circumstances, (4) in allowing psychological expert, Dr. Rick Scott,
to testify to inadmissible hearsay evidence and incorporating such evidence into its findings
and (5) in ordering Mother to pay $52,411.25 of Father’s attorneys’ fees because such an
order lacked competent evidence and was based upon an improper determination that
changing counsel and seeking court orders was misconduct. In his cross appeal, Father
claims the trial court erred and misapplied the law in its use of the Form 14 Guidelines by
designating Father as the parent paying support and only giving him a 34% custody
adjustment when it awarded Father more days of physical custody than Mother.
Because Mother’s first three points all deal with the trial court’s decision to modify
custody, we will address them together. We will affirm the trial court’s judgment “unless
2 it is not supported by substantial evidence, is against the weight of the evidence, or
erroneously declares or applies the law.” Morgan v. Morgan, 497 S.W.3d 359, 363 (Mo.
App. E.D. 2016). We give greater deference to the trial court’s determination in child
custody matters than in other cases. Id. Because the trial court is in a superior position to
weigh the evidence and enter a judgment based on that evidence, the judgment is to be
affirmed under any reasonable theory supported by the evidence. Id. We will not disturb
the trial court’s custody determination unless we are firmly convinced it is erroneous and
the award is against the child’s best interest. Id.
A party seeking a modification of legal custody must demonstrate: “(a) a
substantial change in circumstances of the child or his custodian and (b) if the trial court
finds a substantial change of circumstances of the child or his custodian, then the trial
court must determine whether a modification is necessary to serve the best interests of the
child.” Id. at 373 (emphasis in original). Section 452.410 also requires the change in
circumstances to be based upon “facts that have arisen since the prior decree or that were
unknown to the court at the time of the prior decree.”
With respect to a modification of legal custody, “[t]he breakdown in
communication and cooperation alone is sufficient to constitute a change of circumstances
warranting the modification of legal custody.” Morgan, 497 S.W.3d at 373 (internal
quotation marks omitted). A modification of legal custody “must be supported by a change
in the circumstances of the parents’ exercise of such custody—i.e., how they have shared
the decision-making rights, responsibilities, and authority relating to the health, education,
and welfare of the child.” J.F.H. v. S.L.S., 550 S.W.3d 532, 537 (Mo. App. E.D. 2017).
Accordingly, we review the record for substantial change in circumstances as to how the
3 parties have shared the decision-making rights, responsibilities and authority relating to the
children’s health, education and welfare. See id. at 540. “We consider the parties’
commonality of beliefs concerning parental decisions, the parties’ ability to function as a
parental unit in making those decisions and the parties’ demonstrated willingness and
ability to share the rights and responsibilities of raising their children.” Id.
Here, finding that parental communication, cooperation and shared decision-
making between Mother and Father continued to deteriorate after entry of the October 2016
consent judgment and finding that Father demonstrated a substantial change in
circumstances such that modification was necessary to serve the children’s best interest,
the trial court awarded Father sole legal custody. The trial court specifically noted that
shortly after the October 2016 consent judgment, Father was out of country on business
when he received a message from Mother that one of the children was depressed and
Mother wanted to take her to see a psychiatrist right away. Father requested that the
therapist already involved in the child’s care or a school counselor be contacted first, and
he arranged appointments with each of them. Father took the child to the appointments,
and Mother did not attend. Father shared with Mother the information he learned at the
appointments.
The trial court then noted events that took place in November 2016, when the
parties learned about an incident involving the same child and Father’s stepson, which had
occurred on a vacation three years earlier. On December 1, 2016, the therapist already
involved in the child’s care met with the parties to discuss the incident. Father advised
Mother and the therapist that the stepson did not reside in his house, and the therapist
advised that the incident was minimal and that the parties should not make a big deal out
4 of it. According to details in the temporary restraining order obtained by Father on
December 14, 2016, the therapist advised Mother not to file a temporary restraining order
and indicated she would hotline the incident to the Division of Family Services but that it
would most likely be categorized at the lowest level.
Despite the advice of the therapist, Mother applied for a temporary restraining order
on December 2, 2016, to prevent Father from exercising custody of the children in his
home. Mother’s proposed temporary restraining order stated that Father “is hereby
temporarily restrained, prohibited and enjoined from directly or indirectly exercising
visitation with the minor children . . . .” The court rejected this language, and the temporary
restraining order instead provided that the stepson was prohibited from having any
unsupervised contact with the children until further court order.
The trial court noted Mother’s testimony that she did not believe Father when he
told her that the stepson did not live at Father’s house and that she did not believe the
temporary restraining order sufficiently protected her children. As a result, after obtaining
the temporary restraining order and without notice to Father, Mother obtained an ex parte
order of protection against the stepson. 1 Then, at around 10:30 p.m. on December 2, 2016,
the police arrived at Father’s home with a copy of the order of protection. The children
were in bed, and the police informed Father the children needed to be removed from the
home pursuant to the order. According to the trial court, “Mother continued to orchestrate
a custody plan suitable to her.” The trial court noted that the next day she sent Father an
email chastising him for “unnecessary drama” in response to the police and stated that he
1 The record indicates that a different judge issued the order of protection than the judge who entered the TRO earlier that same day.
5 could spend time with the children if he did not bring them to his house and stayed in a
hotel or with Father’s parents for any overnight visits.
The trial court further noted that shortly thereafter, Mother informed Father that the
same child was threatening to harm herself and that Mother was taking her to the hospital.
Father was out of town and returned to see the child at the hospital. Even though the
stepson was not present, Mother showed the order of protection to hospital emergency
room staff which resulted in Father being unable to see the child. Father testified that his
attorney arrived with a new order so that the child was permitted to leave the hospital with
Father. The trial court also detailed the disagreement between Mother and Father regarding
plans for the follow-up treatment for the child once she left the emergency room that day.
Even limiting our review of the events in this case to the time between the October
2016 consent judgment and the time Father filed his motion to modify on December 14,
2016, as Mother insists we must, 2 we find sufficient evidence to demonstrate a substantial
change in Mother’s and Father’s ability to share the decision-making rights, responsibility
and authority relating to the welfare of the children, especially given the deference we give
the trial court in custody matters like these. Mother and Father repeatedly disagreed in
response to serious events involving the children’s health and welfare, and there is no
reasonable indication that the parties could operate as a parental unit in response to these
serious events. In fact, the evidence indicates the extreme and unilateral measures Mother
2 The trial court made lengthy findings regarding events and issues between Mother and Father from the time of the dissolution and the October 2016 consent judgment and also from after the time Father filed his motion to modify in this case. Mother argues that only events from the time of the October 2016 consent judgment and the filing of Father’s December 14, 2016, motion to modify should be considered for purposes of determining whether there has been a substantial change in circumstances to warrant custody modification. We need not identify the specific window of time within which to review the evidence for a substantial change in circumstances because we find no reason to reverse even upon review of the narrowest window of time as Mother claims is appropriate here.
6 was willing to take by involving police to remove the children from Father’s home at 10:30
at night based upon an order of protection of which Father had no notice and then using
the order of protection directed at Father’s stepson to keep Father from seeing his child
when she was subsequently in the Emergency Room being treated for her psychological
issues.
In addition, the trial court also heard expert testimony from Dr. Scott who found
Mother to exhibit prominent traits for paranoid personality and narcissism, an extreme
position of not being the problem, high sensitivity to the opinions of others and a significant
lack of empathy. The trial court noted Dr. Scott’s opinions that Mother holds a grudge
about the breakup with Father, which is a motivating factor in her unwillingness to
cooperate with him in parental decisions, that Mother’s conduct interferes with her ability
to share responsibilities with Father and that Mother was trying to interfere with the work
of the children’s therapist. Father also testified that he did not believe there was anything
that could be done to help Mother and Father co-parent, and the trial court, which was in a
superior position to weigh the evidence and enter a judgment based on that evidence,
specifically determined that since the October 2016 consent judgment, there had been “a
breakdown in parental communication and cooperation such that Mother and Father are
unable to reach shared parenting decisions.” The trial court further found Father more
likely to cooperate and involve the other parent in shared decision-making.
Mother notes that the trial court made lengthy findings regarding issues between
the parties predating the October 2016 consent judgment and argues the trial court
inappropriately relied on those findings as a basis for its custody modification under
Section 452.410. Mother asserts that there was no substantial change in circumstances to
7 warrant modification because the issues between Mother and Father were ongoing and
well-known prior to the October 2016 consent judgment. We disagree with Mother. The
trial court’s inclusion of certain findings in its judgment from events predating the October
2016 consent judgment does not mean those findings formed a basis for the trial court’s
custody modification. It seems appropriate in a case like this for the trial court to explain
the background of the case and establish a baseline from which to demonstrate the
substantial change in circumstances. Further, even if we assume without deciding that the
trial court relied on events outside the relevant window of time, Missouri law requires us
to affirm the judgment under any reasonable theory supported by the evidence. See
Morgan, 497 S.W.3d at 363. We find sufficient evidence to support the custody
modification even from the narrow window of time we rely on here. See supra footnote 2.
Mother further argues that trial court improperly considered the fact that she
exercised her right to access the legal system in seeking a temporary restraining order and
ex parte order of protection as a basis to find a substantial change in circumstances to
warrant modification. She claims she should not be discredited for exercising rights
fundamental to or granted by our legal system. Again, we need not decide if the trial court
improperly considered the fact that Mother exercised her right to access the legal system
as a basis for modification because there was sufficient evidence independent of Mother’s
specific exercise of those legal rights to warrant the modification. While the trial court
noted that Mother chose to disregard the child’s therapist and pursue both a temporary
restraining order and an ex parte order of protection, it also noted that steps were taken
without notice to Father and that Mother chose to enforce the order of protection by
involving police to remove the children from Father’s home at 10:30 p.m. at night after the
8 children were in bed. The evidence surrounding Mother’s use of the legal system, not
necessarily the fact that she pursued such measures, supported the trial court’s judgment in
conjunction with the trial court’s other findings as noted above. Even if we exclude
evidence of Mother’s specific use of the legal processes, we are not convinced, firmly or
otherwise, that the trial court’s custody determination was erroneous and against the
children’s best interest.
We recognize the deference afforded the trial court on custody matters and find
sufficient evidence of a substantial change in circumstances surrounding Mother and
Father’s ability to share the decision-making rights, responsibility and authority relating to
the welfare of the children to warrant an award of sole legal custody to Father in this case.
Points I, II and III are denied.
For her fourth point on appeal, Mother claims the trial court erred in allowing
psychological expert, Dr. Rick Scott, to testify as to inadmissible hearsay evidence and
incorporating such evidence into its finding.
We review a trial court’s determination on the admissibility of an expert’s
testimony for an abuse of discretion. Peterson v. National Carriers, Inc., 972 S.W.2d 349,
354 (Mo. App. W.D. 1998). An abuse of discretion occurs “when the court’s ruling is
clearly against the logic of the circumstances or when it is arbitrary and unreasonable.” Id.
(internal quotation marks omitted). Id. Specific to court-tried cases, the Western District
has noted:
The trial court in a court-tried case is allowed wide latitude in the admission of evidence because it is presumed that it will not give weight to evidence that is incompetent. Because of this presumption, it is difficult to base reversible error on the erroneous admission of evidence in a court-tried case. This courts presumes on review that inadmissible evidence is not prejudicial
9 unless it is clear the trial court relied on that evidence in arriving at its findings of fact and conclusions of law.
Lee v. Lee, 967 S.W.2d 82, 86 (Mo. App. W.D. 1998). Missouri courts have also
recognized that experts necessarily acquire their knowledge and expertise from many
sources, some of which are inadmissible hearsay. See, e.g., Peterson, 972 S.W.2d at 354.
As long as the information and opinions of others upon which an expert relies serves only
as a background for the expert’s opinion and are not offered as independent substantive
evidence, the expert should not be precluded from testifying. Id. “[E]vidence experts rely
on in forming their opinions need not be independently admissible, so long as it is the type
of evidence reasonably relied on by experts in the field and is otherwise reasonably
reliable.” Id. at 355 (internal quotation marks omitted). Here, Dr. Scott identified the
information he relied upon in forming his opinions and testified that it was the type of
information that he typically relies upon in conducting psychological evaluations. He
explained that he relied on the information as background as part of his psychological
evaluation.
Mother argues that rather than considering the hearsay to which Dr. Scott testified
as background for his opinion, the trial court erred in treating it as substantive evidence
and incorporating it into its findings. We disagree. First, we assume that because this was
a court-tried case, the trial court did not give weight to incompetent evidence. Lee, 967
S.W.2d at 86. Even assuming the evidence Mother challenges was inadmissible, we
presume it is not prejudicial unless it is clear that the trial court relied on that evidence in
arriving at its findings and conclusions, see id., and we do not find prejudice here.
While Mother claims Dr. Scott’s testimony is replete with inadmissible hearsay,
she only specifically identifies paragraphs 12, 24, 27, 28, 29 and 30 of the trial court’s 132-
10 paragraph judgment as containing alleged hearsay as relayed into the record by Dr. Scott.
Upon review of those paragraphs, we find no basis for reversal. Paragraph 12 of the trial
court findings describes the revelation of the incident involving Father’s stepson as well as
the events that took place at the meeting with the child’s therapist immediately thereafter.
These events were otherwise described in Mother’s and Father’s trial testimony and
otherwise referenced in the record in this case. Paragraphs 24, 27, 28, 29 and 30 all
describe events that predate the October 2016 consent judgment. As previously noted,
even limiting our review of the events in this case to the time between the October 2016
consent and the time Father filed his motion to modify on December 14, 2016, as Mother
insists, we find sufficient evidence to demonstrate a substantial change in circumstances to
warrant custody modification. Accordingly, we find no prejudice based on the trial court
findings even if we assume the challenged evidence was inadmissible and improperly
considered by the trial court.
Point IV is denied.
For her fifth point on appeal, Mother claims that the trial court erred in ordering her
to pay $52,411.25 of Father’s attorneys’ fees. Parties in domestic relations cases generally
are responsible for their own attorneys’ fees. Serafin v. Serafin, 493 S.W.3d 897, 902 (Mo.
App. E.D. 2016). Section 452.355.1, however, authorizes the trial court to award attorneys’
fees upon consideration of the financial resources of both parties, the merits of the case and
the actions of the parties during the pendency of the action. Id. The trial court has broad
discretion in the award of attorneys’ fees, and its ruling is presumptively correct. Id. at
903. We will reverse an award of attorneys’ fees under Section 452.355.1 only if the trial
court abuses its discretion. Id. “To demonstrate an abuse of discretion, the complaining
11 party must prove that the award is clearly against the logic of the circumstances and so
arbitrary and unreasonable as to shock one’s sense of justice.” Id.
“While an award of attorney[s’] fees must be supported by competent and
substantial evidence, the trial court is considered an expert on the necessity,
reasonableness, and value attorney’s fees.” Id. at 902. As such an expert, “the trial court
may independently determine and award the fees it deems appropriate.” Id. Even if a party
can afford to pay his or her attorneys’ fees, the trial court may still award attorneys’ fees
in that party’s favor. Id. Further, when there is evidence of party’s misconduct during
litigation, that evidence provides a sufficient basis for an award of attorneys’ fees. Id.
Here, the trial court found Father’s reasonable attorneys’ fees totaled $104,822.50
and reasonable expenses totaled $4,230, and in consideration of the relevant factors,
ordered Mother to pay half of that total, or $52,411.25 in attorneys’ fees and $2,115 in
costs. Such an award is neither clearly against the logic of the circumstances nor so
arbitrary or unreasonable as to shock one’s sense of justice. The trial court explicitly found
that Mother’s conduct during the litigation was the primary reason for both parties
incurring substantial attorneys’ fees and costs. The trial court found that Mother caused
the expense of additional attorneys’ fees by, inter alia: forcing the parenting coordinator
to withdraw, filing actions when she was aware of existing court orders, failing to abide by
existing court orders, retaining several attorneys during litigation and using her best efforts
to thwart Father’s ability to exercise his period of custody and visitation. The trial court
recognized that Father has greater financial resources than Mother and was clearly familiar
with the parties’ financial situations given its decision to modify child support. Despite
the disparity in financial resources, the trial court, which is considered an expert on
12 attorneys’ fees, ultimately found Mother’s conduct during the litigation to be a sufficient
basis to award Father a portion of his attorneys’ fees, and we find no reason to disrupt that
conclusion.
Point V is denied.
For his cross-appeal, Father claims the trial court erred and misapplied the law in
its use of the Form 14 Guidelines by designating Father as the parent paying support and
only giving him a 34% custody adjustment when it awarded Father more days of physical
custody than Mother.
We will affirm the judgment here unless it is not supported by substantial evidence,
it is against the weight of the evidence or it erroneously declares or applies the law.
Windsor v. Windsor, 166 S.W.3d 623 (Mo. App. W.D. 2005). Father was awarded physical
custody of the children 8 out of every 14 days or 208 days per calendar year. With respect
to child support, Mother and Father each submitted a Form 14, but the trial court completed
its own. Based upon the new custody schedule, the trial court found that Father would be
the parent paying support and awarded him a 34% overnight custody credit and ordered
him to pay $1,104 in monthly child support. The trial court did not reject the Form 14 as
being unjust or inappropriate.
Father argues the trial court misapplied the law as to the Form 14 in two respects:
(1) Father should be designated the parent receiving support since he has the children the
majority of the time; and (2) in the alternative, in the event that this Court finds no error in
designating the Father as the parent paying child support, Father should receive at least a
50% credit since he has physical custody of the children over 50% of the time. Father
13 asserts that a 50% credit would reduce his child support obligation from $1,100 per month
to $600 per month.
With respect to Father’s claim that he should be the parent receiving support since
he has the children the majority of the time, we are not convinced. Father points to no
direct authority to support his claim, only implications based upon the notes that
accompany Form 14. Child support is awarded based upon consideration of all relevant
factors, including the financial needs and resources of the child; the financial resources and
needs of the parents; the standard of living the child would have enjoyed had the marriage
not been dissolved; the physical and emotional condition of the child, and the child’s
educational needs; the child’s physical and legal custody arrangements, including the
amount of time the child spends with each parent and the reasonable expenses associated
with the custody or visitation arrangements and the reasonable work-related child care
expenses of each parent. Section 452.340.1. Accordingly, we find no reason to limit the
availability of child support based upon custody arrangements alone. While it may be the
case that the parent with fewer total overnight visits is more often ordered to pay child
support to the parent with more total overnight visits, Father has failed to establish that the
trial court was precluded from determining that circumstances warranted an award of child
support to Mother in this case.
Father also claims that, in the alternative, the trial court erred and abused its
discretion when it ordered only a 34% overnight credit when he has the children 208 nights
per year and Mother has them 156. Section 452.340 establishes a method by which courts
allocate and calculate child support. While a trial court may adjust a child support award
up to 50% when the children spend equal or substantially equal time with parents, it must
14 do so according to the guidelines using “specific, descriptive, and numeric criteria which
will result in a computation of the support obligation.” Sections 452.340.8 and 452.340.11.
Missouri law requires a two-step procedure to calculate and approve a child support award
or modification of an award: first, the trial court calculates the presumed amount according
to the Form 14 and makes a finding of this amount for the record, and then the court
considers whether to rebut the presumed child support amount as being unjust or
inappropriate after consideration of all relevant factors. Woolridge v. Woolridge, 915
S.W.2d 372, 389 (Mo. App. W.D. 1996).
Line 11 of Form 14 provides for an adjustment for a portion of amounts expended
by the parent obligated to pay child support during periods of overnight visitation or
custody. This line item limits the court’s discretion in the first step of this two-step
procedure and provides a chart designating the amount of the overnight credit to be applied.
A maximum credit of 34% is used to calculate the presumed amount of child support. The
notes to Form 14 indicate, “If the Court finds that application of these rules, including the
line 11 credit, are unjust and inappropriate, it may apply an overnight visitation or custody
adjustment of over 34% and up to 50% based upon the circumstances of the parties”
(emphasis added). Accordingly, Form 14 does not allow a credit greater than 34% until
the second step of the procedure occurs, i.e., the trial court finds that the presumed amount
is unjust or inappropriate. See also Hark v. Hark, 567 S.W.3d 671, 676 (Mo. App. E.D.
2019).
In this case, because the trial court did not find the presumed amount unjust or
inappropriate, there was no opportunity under Form 14 to apply a credit of greater than the
15 34% credit the trial court applied here. 3 Father does not challenge the trial court’s failure
to find the presumed amount unjust or inappropriate in this case, but merely claims he
should have been designated the parent to receive child support, and in the alternative, that
he should have received a higher credit under Form 14. Accordingly, he has failed to
establish that the trial court misapplied the law in this case.
The notes to Form 14 also state: “The mere expenditure of substantial time with
both parents does not by itself eliminate the need for support to be paid by one parent to
the other; rather, the expenditure of substantial time with both parents is merely a factor to
be considered in determining whether the presumed child support amount is unjust or
inappropriate” (emphasis added). Again, Father does not challenge the trial court’s failure
to find the presumed amount unjust or inappropriate in this case or the trial court’s
consideration of specific factors on this point. In addition, the notes to Form 14 further
provide: “If an award of custody results in a child or children spending substantially equal
time with both parents, the adjustment for the obligated parent may be determined after
considering all relevant factors, including those set forth in Assumption (12).” Assumption
(12) divides basic child support amounts into three categories: variable expenditures,
duplicated fixed expenditures and non-duplicated expenditures. It provides, “In
appropriate circumstances, the adjustment may be up to 50%, especially when non-
duplicated fixed expenditures are paid primarily by the parent obligated to pay support”
3 While the trial court did not find the presumed amount unjust or inappropriate, it did consider Father’s increased custody time compared to the amount of time contemplated when the settlement agreement was incorporated into the dissolution agreement. The trial court also considered Father’s increased child-related expenses relative to the increased custody time and the increase in financial resources to both parties, specifically both Father’s and Mother’s increased income and that both parties have remarried and cohabitate resulting in some shared expenses. In addition, the trial court considered that the financial needs of the minor children had decreased since the time of the dissolution judgment and noted that work-related child care costs continue to decrease as the children get older and become more self-sufficient.
16 (emphasis added). Father’s claim on cross-appeal fails to address these expenditures, and
the use of the word “may” in the notes indicates that the 50% adjustment is discretionary
with the trial court, further supporting our conclusion that Father has failed to establish a
misapplication of the law here.
Point on cross-appeal is denied.
Judgment affirmed.
ROBERT G. DOWD, JR., Judge
Robert M. Clayton III, P.J., concurs and concurs in separate opinion. Roy L. Richter, J., concurs in separate opinion.
17 In the Missouri Court of Appeals Eastern District DIVISION ONE
CRAIG A. GILBERT, ) No. ED107043 ) Respondent/Cross-Appellant, ) Appeal from the Circuit Court ) of St. Louis County vs. ) ) Honorable Sandra Farragut-Hemphill AYSIS KOPARAN, ) ) Appellant/Cross-Respondent. ) FILED: September 17, 2019
CONCURRING OPINION
I concur but write separately to point out the fact that Missouri has yet to truly implement
the “Family Court” as contemplated a quarter of a century ago. The entire concept of the Family
Court revolves around “one family – one judge,” which is laid out succinctly in the article, A
Unified Family Court for Missouri, by Paul A. Williams. Paul A. Williams, A Unified Family
Court for Missouri, 63 UMKC L. Rev. 383-427 (Spring 1995). This case demonstrates that this
“model” is not followed in Missouri. At least FIVE and perhaps as many as SEVEN different
judges heard matters related to the motion to modify.
The original dissolution action (and three of the adult abuse petitions) were heard by
Judge Walsh. A prior adult abuse petition involving Ms. Koparan had been heard by Judge
Schroeder. Since Ms. Koparan appears in the Missouri Court’s case management system under
three different party identifiers, it is somewhat understandable that she was assigned a different judge for each action. This system creating multiple party identifiers makes it is hard to keep the
litigants before the same Judge. 1
Apparently Judge Walsh was “rotated out” of Family Court as of December 31, 2013 –
and the case was assigned to Judge Kerr, who was obviously not fully aware of what had gone
on between the parties. Judge Kerr apparently left Family Court on December 31, 2015, 2 and the
case migrated to Judge Hemphill on January 1, 2016, making her the third judge to deal with the
motion to modify, and even further removed from the original dissolution action and prior
hearings on the motion to modify. A child protection order was entered by yet another judge
where Petitioner Koparan was identified in the case management system under a “generic” ID
instead of the unique identifier assigned when the original dissolution action was filed.
Multiple judges dealing with the same family will continue to be the “norm” if Missouri
courts continue to use a “rotation” system moving judicial personnel in and out of the “Family
Court” on a one- or two-year cycle. The statute provides the basics: judges should be those who
desire to be assigned, not assigned based on a rotation or “there is an opening” in a particular
division. The baseline of a four-year assignment does not guarantee that the judge who hears the
original proceedings (be it a dissolution, domestic abuse, juvenile matter, etc.) will be available
1 The goal of the Missouri Court Automation System is to create a unique identifier for all parties. This requires time, and in some cases research, by overworked, underpaid front line clerical staff to determine the information to be used to create an accurate, unique, party ID. That “correct” ID was created for Mother when the initial dissolution proceeding was filed. However, subsequent filings (e.g. child protection petitions) do not use the same party ID – the clerk entering the information chose “next” – which generates a party ID of “@xxxxxxxxx” (where “x” is a series of numbers). People using Case.net notice this frequently when searching records for cases involving one individual; it is difficult to determine if the party is the same in each case. 2 This “two year rotation” flies in the face of the statute. Section 487.050, in relevant part, states: 487.050. Judges and commissioners, qualifications – reviewability-- removal, grounds-- terms. 1. To the extent feasible, judges designated as family court judges and the commissioners appointed under sections 487.020 to 487.040 shall be those who: (1) Desire to be so assigned; (2) Have the temperament necessary to deal properly with cases that come before the family court; .... 5. Judges designated as family court judges shall serve in such capacity for a term of four years unless such judge's term is either extended at such family court judge's option or shortened with the agreement of the family court judge and the presiding judge. (emphasis added) 2 to hear subsequent matters involving the same family, and unfortunately there are many family
“issues” that can span five or ten years, but at least adhering to the four-year assignment would
lessen the revolving door of judges dealing with a family and attempting to learn the history of
the situation while dealing with the latest conflict.
______________________________ Roy L. Richter, Judge