Mebkicek, C. J.
The plaintiffs allege that they are the testamentary heirs of Vietoire Moaxos Tío, a free woman of color, their aunt, who departed this life in June, 1837. That petitioners have been recognized as her heirs, and put in possession of her estate. That she appointed Marie Lavaux, f. w. c., separated in bed and board from her husband, Francois Auguste, testamentary executrix. That the executrix took the oath, and received letters testamentary, June 28th, 1837. That about the end of March, 1839, the said executrix left the city of New Orleans, and the State of Louisiana, without informing or obtaining leave of the court, or having been discharged, or having filed an account of her administration. That before she left she made a power of attorney to L. F&rrand, f. m. c., but did not deposit and record said power in the office of the Judge who had appointed her, and before whom the succession was opened. That during her absence the proceedings were conducted by an attorney at law in the same manner as if she were present in court and within the jurisdiction and control of the court of probates. That when she was absent, upon such petition, the sale of all the immovables was ordered, and on the 13th day of May, 1839, a certain iot of ground, belonging to said succession, was sold and adjudicated to Adelaide Vivant, for $3200, payable one-third cash, the balance in two equal instalments, at six and twelve months’ credit. That in the act of sale, Louis Fm'rand, under the power of attorney referred to, appeared as the agent of Matfie La/oaux. That the price was not not brought into court and placed under the jurisdiction of the court, and was not paid under the sanction and authority of the court. That said payment, if it ever took place, was made without the authorization of the court which controls every act of the executor and administrator, or of his duly authorized agent. That said FerroAid had no authority to divest the succession of title to its property, or to receive payment of the sum due the succession by Adelaide Vivant, and.such payment is null. That Adelaide Vivant cannot avail herself of the plea of good faith, because she was well aware of the incapacity of Ferrcmd, and of the absence of the executrix at the time of said pretended payment. That at the time of the [45]*45alleged payment petitioners were minors unable to attend to their interests. That said Ma/i'ie Lma/wx died in the city of Paris, Prance, ten days after the said sale, to wit: on the 22d day of June, 1889. That she or her heirs never rendered an account of her administration. That no part of the price of said property has ever been accounted for or placed under the control of the court. That the succession of Ma/rie Lcmaux has been opened, and the defendants (except said Adelaide Vivant) are her heirs, and that they and said Adelaide Vivant are responsible to petitioners for said price, with five per cent, interest thereon per annum.
The petition concludes with a prayer that the heirs of said Ma/rie Lcmaux, each for their verile shares, and said Adelcdde Vi/ocmt, in solido with them, be decreed to pay petitioners $3200, with five per cent, interest from the 13th day of April, 1839, with a privilege and a mortgage upon the property sold.
Prom the petition, therefore, it appears that plaintiffs expect to recover from the defendant, Adelaide Vivcmt, because she was not justified in making payment to Ferrand, and from the heirs of Marie Lcmaux, because she (Marie Lcmaux) left the State and did not cause her power of attorney to be deposited in the office of the Judge who appointed her; because the receipt of the money and notes by Ferrand was the receipt of money by herself, and because she did not render any account.
The plaintiffs, previously to the institution of this suit, brought an action to have the lot of ground, the price of which is the object of the present suit, declared to be the property of the plaintiffs, on account of certain alleged irregularities in the sale. That case was finally decided against the plaintiffs by the decree of this court in December, 1854. The present action for the price was also decided against the plaintiffs by the lower court, and they have appealed.
There is no ground for the action against Adelaide Vivant. The letters testamentary conferred upon Ma/rie Lcmaux the power to administer the estate as executrix. Her departure from the State, after making her power of attorney, did not, as the law then stood, have the effect ipso facto to deprive her of her office, notwithstanding the copy of the power of attorney does not appear to have been deposited with the Judge. It required some action of the court appointing her to declare the office to be vacant. But the court, so far from making such order, recognized her acts, and at ha' instance ordered the sale of the property, the price of which is in question in this case. She was, therefore, in office, and the receipt of the money due by the debtor of the succession, by Ferrand, her agent, was a valid payment, and discharged the debtor for the $1060 66$, the instalment in cash made during the lifetime of Ma/rie Lavaux, the executrix.
The two promissory notes were paid to Ferrand whilst he was executor, and had capacity to receive the money. Those payments were also valid.
Now, are the heirs of Marie Lava/ux bound for these payments ? It is shown, that the executrix died in Paris, on the 22d day of June, 1839, just twelve days after Ferrand, the agent, acknowledged, by notarial act of sale, to have received the first instalment of the price in cash, and the promissory notes falling due in six and twelve months thereafter.
Ferrand was appointed dative testamentary executor, and qualified as such on the 2d day of December, 1839. As to the two notes not .matured at the time of the death of Marie Lava/ux, it cannot be seriously contended that her heirs are responsible for the payment made by Adelcdde Vivant to Ferrand, [46]*46who was at that time executor. The payment of the notes we have already said was valid.
But in regard to the instalment in cash, it is possibly not so clear at the first view who is bound to account for it to the plaintiffs, Ferrand or the heirs of Marie Lamaux. We will, therefore, consider how the matter stands. It is certain that, after the death of Marie Lamanwi, her heirs did not represent the succession of Vietoire Mareos Tio. They were, so far as the latter succession was concerned, third persons. It is equally clear that, after the appointment of Ferrand as dative testamentary executor, he did represent the succession of the testati’ix, Tio, for the purpose of collecting the property sold for the payment of debts, and to pay such debts. It is equally clear that in collecting the instalment of cash, Ferrand was not the agent of Man'ie Lamaux in her individual capacity but as executrix. The fund, therefore, which he had collected belonged to the estate. It was not the private property of Man'ie Lama/ax, but the property of the succession.
The agent who has the fund of his principal in his hands is quoad the fund only a depositary. He cannot use it (which is presumed to exist in his hands in specie) without committing a crime.
Now, suppose the heirs of
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Mebkicek, C. J.
The plaintiffs allege that they are the testamentary heirs of Vietoire Moaxos Tío, a free woman of color, their aunt, who departed this life in June, 1837. That petitioners have been recognized as her heirs, and put in possession of her estate. That she appointed Marie Lavaux, f. w. c., separated in bed and board from her husband, Francois Auguste, testamentary executrix. That the executrix took the oath, and received letters testamentary, June 28th, 1837. That about the end of March, 1839, the said executrix left the city of New Orleans, and the State of Louisiana, without informing or obtaining leave of the court, or having been discharged, or having filed an account of her administration. That before she left she made a power of attorney to L. F&rrand, f. m. c., but did not deposit and record said power in the office of the Judge who had appointed her, and before whom the succession was opened. That during her absence the proceedings were conducted by an attorney at law in the same manner as if she were present in court and within the jurisdiction and control of the court of probates. That when she was absent, upon such petition, the sale of all the immovables was ordered, and on the 13th day of May, 1839, a certain iot of ground, belonging to said succession, was sold and adjudicated to Adelaide Vivant, for $3200, payable one-third cash, the balance in two equal instalments, at six and twelve months’ credit. That in the act of sale, Louis Fm'rand, under the power of attorney referred to, appeared as the agent of Matfie La/oaux. That the price was not not brought into court and placed under the jurisdiction of the court, and was not paid under the sanction and authority of the court. That said payment, if it ever took place, was made without the authorization of the court which controls every act of the executor and administrator, or of his duly authorized agent. That said FerroAid had no authority to divest the succession of title to its property, or to receive payment of the sum due the succession by Adelaide Vivant, and.such payment is null. That Adelaide Vivant cannot avail herself of the plea of good faith, because she was well aware of the incapacity of Ferrcmd, and of the absence of the executrix at the time of said pretended payment. That at the time of the [45]*45alleged payment petitioners were minors unable to attend to their interests. That said Ma/i'ie Lma/wx died in the city of Paris, Prance, ten days after the said sale, to wit: on the 22d day of June, 1889. That she or her heirs never rendered an account of her administration. That no part of the price of said property has ever been accounted for or placed under the control of the court. That the succession of Ma/rie Lcmaux has been opened, and the defendants (except said Adelaide Vivant) are her heirs, and that they and said Adelaide Vivant are responsible to petitioners for said price, with five per cent, interest thereon per annum.
The petition concludes with a prayer that the heirs of said Ma/rie Lcmaux, each for their verile shares, and said Adelcdde Vi/ocmt, in solido with them, be decreed to pay petitioners $3200, with five per cent, interest from the 13th day of April, 1839, with a privilege and a mortgage upon the property sold.
Prom the petition, therefore, it appears that plaintiffs expect to recover from the defendant, Adelaide Vivcmt, because she was not justified in making payment to Ferrand, and from the heirs of Marie Lcmaux, because she (Marie Lcmaux) left the State and did not cause her power of attorney to be deposited in the office of the Judge who appointed her; because the receipt of the money and notes by Ferrand was the receipt of money by herself, and because she did not render any account.
The plaintiffs, previously to the institution of this suit, brought an action to have the lot of ground, the price of which is the object of the present suit, declared to be the property of the plaintiffs, on account of certain alleged irregularities in the sale. That case was finally decided against the plaintiffs by the decree of this court in December, 1854. The present action for the price was also decided against the plaintiffs by the lower court, and they have appealed.
There is no ground for the action against Adelaide Vivant. The letters testamentary conferred upon Ma/rie Lcmaux the power to administer the estate as executrix. Her departure from the State, after making her power of attorney, did not, as the law then stood, have the effect ipso facto to deprive her of her office, notwithstanding the copy of the power of attorney does not appear to have been deposited with the Judge. It required some action of the court appointing her to declare the office to be vacant. But the court, so far from making such order, recognized her acts, and at ha' instance ordered the sale of the property, the price of which is in question in this case. She was, therefore, in office, and the receipt of the money due by the debtor of the succession, by Ferrand, her agent, was a valid payment, and discharged the debtor for the $1060 66$, the instalment in cash made during the lifetime of Ma/rie Lavaux, the executrix.
The two promissory notes were paid to Ferrand whilst he was executor, and had capacity to receive the money. Those payments were also valid.
Now, are the heirs of Marie Lava/ux bound for these payments ? It is shown, that the executrix died in Paris, on the 22d day of June, 1839, just twelve days after Ferrand, the agent, acknowledged, by notarial act of sale, to have received the first instalment of the price in cash, and the promissory notes falling due in six and twelve months thereafter.
Ferrand was appointed dative testamentary executor, and qualified as such on the 2d day of December, 1839. As to the two notes not .matured at the time of the death of Marie Lava/ux, it cannot be seriously contended that her heirs are responsible for the payment made by Adelcdde Vivant to Ferrand, [46]*46who was at that time executor. The payment of the notes we have already said was valid.
But in regard to the instalment in cash, it is possibly not so clear at the first view who is bound to account for it to the plaintiffs, Ferrand or the heirs of Marie Lamaux. We will, therefore, consider how the matter stands. It is certain that, after the death of Marie Lamanwi, her heirs did not represent the succession of Vietoire Mareos Tio. They were, so far as the latter succession was concerned, third persons. It is equally clear that, after the appointment of Ferrand as dative testamentary executor, he did represent the succession of the testati’ix, Tio, for the purpose of collecting the property sold for the payment of debts, and to pay such debts. It is equally clear that in collecting the instalment of cash, Ferrand was not the agent of Man'ie Lamaux in her individual capacity but as executrix. The fund, therefore, which he had collected belonged to the estate. It was not the private property of Man'ie Lama/ax, but the property of the succession.
The agent who has the fund of his principal in his hands is quoad the fund only a depositary. He cannot use it (which is presumed to exist in his hands in specie) without committing a crime.
Now, suppose the heirs of Lamaux had sued Ferrand immediately after his appointment as executor for the $1066 66-|, received by him as agent for Marie Lamaux, executrix, alleging that they were bound to account to the succession of Victoire Manxos Tio for this money, could not Ferrand have replied successfully: “It is true that this money is in my hands, but I did not receive it for your mother in her individual capacity, which you alone represent; I received it for the execwt/t'ix of the last will and testament of Tio, and as I am now executor of her will, I am bound to account to no one but myself.”
It would seem that the heirs of Lamaux could no more take this money out of the hands of the dative testamentary executor who had possession of and, by his appointment, title to the money, than they could a slave or .a piece of real estate. If the heirs could not recover this money from the dative testamentary executor, they are not bound to the heirs of Tio for it.
As the money is by law presumed to be in the hands of the agent, who is not supposed to have committed the crime of embezzlement, it must follow that his sureties are prima facie bound with him for its faithful administration. If the surety would relieve himself from such objection, he should at least show that the agent had not only embezzled the fund before his appointment as executor, but also that he was insolvent at that time. Binding, therefore, that the fund in controversy has gone into the hands of Ferrand as executor, the plaintiff must be left to such remedy as they have against him and his surety. There is no reason to disturb the judgment of the lower court, and we consider what we have here said a sufficient answer to the other questions raised by-plaintiffs’ counsel.
Judgment affirmed.