CORNELL v. the STATE.

827 S.E.2d 63, 349 Ga. App. 883

Opinion

McFadden, Presiding Judge.

*883 The issue in this appeal is whether a criminal defendant's rights under the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment were violated when the trial court admitted hearsay testimony concerning out-of-court statements made by the minor victim. Because the victim testified at trial and was subject to cross-examination, there was no Confrontation Clause violation. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment.

1. Facts and procedural posture.

Clayton Cornell was charged by indictment with aggravated sexual battery, aggravated child molestation, aggravated sodomy, two counts of child molestation, and two counts of cruelty to children. The state filed notice of its intent to offer child hearsay statements of the minor victim, G. W., pursuant to OCGA § 24-8-820. The case proceeded to a jury trial at which G. W. testified, as did various witnesses to whom G. W. had made statements about having been sexually abused by Cornell, her uncle. Witnesses for the state testified, *65 among other things, that five-year-old G. W. had reported that *884 Cornell had touched her vagina with his fingers and had made her lick his penis.

The jury found Cornell guilty of all the charges except for aggravated child molestation. The trial court merged some of the offenses for sentencing, and imposed a total sentence of life, with 25 years to be served in confinement and the remainder to be served on probation. After the trial court denied Cornell's motion for a new trial, he filed this appeal.

2. Confrontation Clause.

Cornell claims that the trial court erred in admitting hearsay statements of the victim in violation of the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment. The claim is without merit.

As an initial matter, we note that Cornell has not challenged the admissibility of G. W.'s out-of-court statements under the child hearsay statute. That statute, OCGA § 24-8-820, provides:

A statement made by a child younger than 16 years of age describing any act of sexual contact or physical abuse performed with or on such child by another or with or on another in the presence of such child shall be admissible in evidence by the testimony of the person to whom made if the proponent of such statement provides notice to the adverse party prior to trial of the intention to use such out-of-court statement and such child testifies at the trial, unless the adverse party forfeits or waives such child's testimony as provided in this title, and, at the time of the testimony regarding the out-of-court statements, the person to whom the child made such statement is subject to cross-examination regarding the out-of-court statements.

The record in this case shows that the state provided notice of its intent to use the victim's out-of-court statements, the victim testified at trial, and the persons to whom the victim made the statements were subject to cross-examination at trial. Thus, the "out-of-court statements made by [G. W.] to the hearsay witnesses about acts of sexual abuse committed by [Cornell] ... were admissible under OCGA § 24-8-820." Blackwell v. State , 346 Ga. App. 833 , 839 (3) (a), 815 S.E.2d 288 (2018).

But even if [ OCGA § 24-8-820 ] authorizes the admission of such evidence as an evidentiary matter, it may still be inadmissible as a violation of the accused's rights under the Confrontation Clause. ... [T]here is a distinct difference between a challenge to the admission of evidence based upon *885 the Confrontation Clause and that based upon an exception to the hearsay rule.

State v. Dague , 325 Ga. App. 202 , 208 (2), 750 S.E.2d 476 (2013) (citations and punctuation omitted). "The Sixth Amendment's Confrontation Clause provides that, in all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to be confronted with the witnesses against him." State v. Smith , 302 Ga. 837 , 838, 809 S.E.2d 720 (2018) (citation and punctuation omitted). "(T)he [C]onfrontation [C]lause imposes an absolute bar to admitting out-of-court statements in evidence when they are testimonial in nature, and when the defendant does not have an opportunity to cross-examine the declarant ." Colton v. State , 292 Ga. 509 , 512 (2), 739 S.E.2d 380 (2013) (citations and punctuation omitted; emphasis supplied). Accord Gay v. State , 279 Ga. 180 , 181 (2), 611 S.E.2d 31 (2005). But "when the declarant appears for cross-examination at trial, the Confrontation Clause places no constraints at all on the use of his prior testimonial statements. The Clause does not bar admission of a statement so long as the declarant is present at trial to defend or explain it." Robinson v. State , 271 Ga. App. 584 , 587 (2), 610 S.E.2d 194 (2005) (citation and punctuation omitted).

In this case, the victim testified at trial and was cross-examined by Cornell. While Cornell did not question the victim about her out-of-court statements, he was not precluded from doing so. Compare Soto v. State , 285 Ga. 367 , 370 (2) (b), 677 S.E.2d 95 (2009). The victim's out-of-court testimonial statements might have been inadmissible "if [she had been] unavailable and [Cornell had not been] given an opportunity to cross-examine [her]." Smith , supra (citation omitted). But "because *66 the [victim was] present at trial and testified, ... [Cornell's] confrontation right was not violated." Robinson , supra. Accordingly, the trial court did not err in admitting the child hearsay testimony. See also Gober v. State , 300 Ga. App. 202 , 204 (1) (b), 684 S.E.2d 675 (2009) (no violation of Sixth Amendment right to confrontation where witness testified at trial).

Judgment affirmed.

McMillian and Goss, JJ., concur.