COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Annunziata, Felton and McClanahan Argued at Alexandria, Virginia
CORESTAFF CORP. SERVICES GROUP AND HARTFORD UNDERWRITERS INS. COMPANY MEMORANDUM OPINION∗ BY v. Record No. 1438-03-4 JUDGE ELIZABETH A. McCLANAHAN MARCH 30, 2004 CLIFFORD LLEWELYN CARTER, SR.
FROM THE VIRGINIA WORKERS’ COMPENSATION COMMISSION
Thomas E. Dempsey (Semmes, Bowen & Semmes, on briefs), for appellants.
Robert A. Mordhorst (Locklin and Mordhorst, on brief), for appellee.
Corestaff Corp. Services Group appeals a decision by the Workers’ Compensation
Commission finding that it failed to prove that Clifford L. Carter, Sr. was no longer disabled due
to a work-related injury. Because credible evidence supports the commission’s decision, we
affirm.
I. Facts
After an industrial accident, Clifford Carter suffered a compensable back injury. His
injury was initially diagnosed as an acute lumbosacral strain by Dr. Dennis A. Carlini, who
found Carter unable to work. Dr. Carlini and his associates treated Carter for approximately two
years. During that time, Carter was also treated by Dr. Tamim J. Khaliqui, medical director for
the Fairfax Anesthesiology Associates. Dr. Khaliqui administered steroid injections into Carter’s
back. Dr. Greg Fischer, an associate of the same medical group, examined Carter in a
∗ Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. re-evaluation visit, and found problems to Carter’s back and leg to be “work-related.” Shortly
thereafter, an associate of Dr. Carlini, Dr. Edward C. Rabbitt, noted that Carter was undergoing
steroid injections for his back pain and that the back remained painful. As a result of one of the
injections, Carter experienced pain and weakness in one of his knees.
After experiencing ongoing pain, Carter consulted with Dr. Thomas W. Wise, an
orthopedic surgeon. Dr. Wise noted that Carter had pain in his knee and his lower back
“stem[ming] from a worker’s comp injury,” and diagnosed Carter with “degenerative disc
disease and a lumbar strain, as well as a probable medial meniscal tear and degenerative joint
disease of the right knee.” Dr. Wise recommended knee surgery.
In October 2001, Corestaff requested an independent medical evaluation of Carter, which
was conducted by Dr. Geraldine K. Richter, an orthopedic surgeon. Dr. Richter opined that
Carter’s pain was no longer associated with the back injury but was due to degenerative disc
disease. She stated,
[T]he patient suffers from chronic lumbosacral strain due to his degenerative disc disease and should have responded to the typical conservative care at this point from the Workmans’ Comp injury. His continued complaints I think are due to his underlying degenerative disc disease and at this point not related to the Workmans’ Comp injury.
After that evaluation, Carter consulted with Dr. Wise again, who noted that Carter continued to
complain of back pain. Dr. Wise recommended that Carter continue his current treatment. He
offered no further treatment for the back injury at that time.
Approximately three months later, Carter began treating with Dr. Mark D. Miller of the
University of Virginia Health Sciences Center. Dr. Miller performed surgery on Carter’s knee in
July 2002. About a month after the surgery, Carter returned to Dr. Wise, who assessed Carter’s
back injury as “[d]egenerative disc disease lumbar spine status post lumbar strain at work.”
-2- In April 2002, Corestaff filed an application at the commission alleging that Carter’s
current disability was unrelated to the original injury by accident. In a deposition taken for the
proceedings, Dr. Wise testified that Carter’s back condition, within a reasonable degree of
medical certainty “had to do with basically a combination of age, genetic factors, and injury to
his back, and a persistent injury or lifestyle, which he has done manual labor throughout his life.”
When asked whether the back condition was tied to Carter’s accident, Dr. Wise sated, “I think it
could certainly be related to his accident.” He also testified that it would be “fair to say” that
Carter’s treatment was necessitated by the work accident. Dr. Wise also stated, though he had
not focused on it, he had not noticed any improvement in Carter’s back condition.
After a hearing, the deputy commissioner concluded that Corestaff presented
uncontradicted evidence to prove that Carter’s disability with regard to his back condition was
unrelated to the original accident, and terminated Carter’s wage benefits.1 Carter filed a request
for review by the full commission, which reversed the deputy commissioner. In its opinion, it
stated,
The employer sought to prove that the claimant had no disability from the September 1999 injury. We do not believe that the evidence showed that the claimant had no disability from his back condition stemming from the September 1999 injury. Dr. Richter’s opinion that the claimant “should have responded to the typical conservative care” notwithstanding, we find that the employer did not prove that the claimant was no longer disabled because of the September 1999 back injury . . . . We believe that the evidence showed that the claimant continued to suffer from and be at least partially disabled by chronic back problems since the September 1999 lifting accident.
The commission then reinstated Carter’s wage benefits.
1 The deputy commissioner denied Carter’s claim relating to his knee injury. The commission affirmed. The knee injury claim is not at issue in this appeal.
-3- II. Standard of Review
In its role as fact finder the commission “resolves all conflicts in the evidence and
determines the weight to be accorded the various evidentiary submissions.” Bass v. City of
Richmond Police Dep’t, 258 Va. 103, 114, 515 S.E.2d 557, 563 (1999). When based on credible
evidence, the commission’s judgments are “‘conclusive and binding as to all questions of fact.’”
Id. (quoting Code § 65.2-706(A)); see also Tomes v. James City (County of) Fire, 39 Va. App.
424, 430, 573 S.E.2d 312, 315 (2002); Westmoreland Coal Co. v. Russell, 31 Va. App. 16, 20,
520 S.E.2d 839, 841 (1999). Our deference to the commission’s fact finding applies “‘even
though there is evidence in the record to support a contrary finding.’” S.P. Terry Co., Inc. v.
Rubinos, 38 Va. App. 624, 632, 567 S.E.2d 584, 588 (2002) (quoting Morris v. Badger
Powhatan/Figgie Int’l, Inc., 3 Va. App. 276, 279, 348 S.E.2d 876, 877 (1986)). We defer to the
commission’s assessment of the “‘probative weight to be accorded [medical] evidence.’”
Georgia-Pacific Corp. v. Robinson, 32 Va. App. 1, 5, 526 S.E.2d 267, 269 (2000) (quoting
C.D.S. Const. Servs. v. Petrock, 218 Va. 1064, 1070, 243 S.E.2d 236, 240 (1978)).
III. The Commission Did Not Err in Reversing the Deputy Commissioner
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COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Annunziata, Felton and McClanahan Argued at Alexandria, Virginia
CORESTAFF CORP. SERVICES GROUP AND HARTFORD UNDERWRITERS INS. COMPANY MEMORANDUM OPINION∗ BY v. Record No. 1438-03-4 JUDGE ELIZABETH A. McCLANAHAN MARCH 30, 2004 CLIFFORD LLEWELYN CARTER, SR.
FROM THE VIRGINIA WORKERS’ COMPENSATION COMMISSION
Thomas E. Dempsey (Semmes, Bowen & Semmes, on briefs), for appellants.
Robert A. Mordhorst (Locklin and Mordhorst, on brief), for appellee.
Corestaff Corp. Services Group appeals a decision by the Workers’ Compensation
Commission finding that it failed to prove that Clifford L. Carter, Sr. was no longer disabled due
to a work-related injury. Because credible evidence supports the commission’s decision, we
affirm.
I. Facts
After an industrial accident, Clifford Carter suffered a compensable back injury. His
injury was initially diagnosed as an acute lumbosacral strain by Dr. Dennis A. Carlini, who
found Carter unable to work. Dr. Carlini and his associates treated Carter for approximately two
years. During that time, Carter was also treated by Dr. Tamim J. Khaliqui, medical director for
the Fairfax Anesthesiology Associates. Dr. Khaliqui administered steroid injections into Carter’s
back. Dr. Greg Fischer, an associate of the same medical group, examined Carter in a
∗ Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. re-evaluation visit, and found problems to Carter’s back and leg to be “work-related.” Shortly
thereafter, an associate of Dr. Carlini, Dr. Edward C. Rabbitt, noted that Carter was undergoing
steroid injections for his back pain and that the back remained painful. As a result of one of the
injections, Carter experienced pain and weakness in one of his knees.
After experiencing ongoing pain, Carter consulted with Dr. Thomas W. Wise, an
orthopedic surgeon. Dr. Wise noted that Carter had pain in his knee and his lower back
“stem[ming] from a worker’s comp injury,” and diagnosed Carter with “degenerative disc
disease and a lumbar strain, as well as a probable medial meniscal tear and degenerative joint
disease of the right knee.” Dr. Wise recommended knee surgery.
In October 2001, Corestaff requested an independent medical evaluation of Carter, which
was conducted by Dr. Geraldine K. Richter, an orthopedic surgeon. Dr. Richter opined that
Carter’s pain was no longer associated with the back injury but was due to degenerative disc
disease. She stated,
[T]he patient suffers from chronic lumbosacral strain due to his degenerative disc disease and should have responded to the typical conservative care at this point from the Workmans’ Comp injury. His continued complaints I think are due to his underlying degenerative disc disease and at this point not related to the Workmans’ Comp injury.
After that evaluation, Carter consulted with Dr. Wise again, who noted that Carter continued to
complain of back pain. Dr. Wise recommended that Carter continue his current treatment. He
offered no further treatment for the back injury at that time.
Approximately three months later, Carter began treating with Dr. Mark D. Miller of the
University of Virginia Health Sciences Center. Dr. Miller performed surgery on Carter’s knee in
July 2002. About a month after the surgery, Carter returned to Dr. Wise, who assessed Carter’s
back injury as “[d]egenerative disc disease lumbar spine status post lumbar strain at work.”
-2- In April 2002, Corestaff filed an application at the commission alleging that Carter’s
current disability was unrelated to the original injury by accident. In a deposition taken for the
proceedings, Dr. Wise testified that Carter’s back condition, within a reasonable degree of
medical certainty “had to do with basically a combination of age, genetic factors, and injury to
his back, and a persistent injury or lifestyle, which he has done manual labor throughout his life.”
When asked whether the back condition was tied to Carter’s accident, Dr. Wise sated, “I think it
could certainly be related to his accident.” He also testified that it would be “fair to say” that
Carter’s treatment was necessitated by the work accident. Dr. Wise also stated, though he had
not focused on it, he had not noticed any improvement in Carter’s back condition.
After a hearing, the deputy commissioner concluded that Corestaff presented
uncontradicted evidence to prove that Carter’s disability with regard to his back condition was
unrelated to the original accident, and terminated Carter’s wage benefits.1 Carter filed a request
for review by the full commission, which reversed the deputy commissioner. In its opinion, it
stated,
The employer sought to prove that the claimant had no disability from the September 1999 injury. We do not believe that the evidence showed that the claimant had no disability from his back condition stemming from the September 1999 injury. Dr. Richter’s opinion that the claimant “should have responded to the typical conservative care” notwithstanding, we find that the employer did not prove that the claimant was no longer disabled because of the September 1999 back injury . . . . We believe that the evidence showed that the claimant continued to suffer from and be at least partially disabled by chronic back problems since the September 1999 lifting accident.
The commission then reinstated Carter’s wage benefits.
1 The deputy commissioner denied Carter’s claim relating to his knee injury. The commission affirmed. The knee injury claim is not at issue in this appeal.
-3- II. Standard of Review
In its role as fact finder the commission “resolves all conflicts in the evidence and
determines the weight to be accorded the various evidentiary submissions.” Bass v. City of
Richmond Police Dep’t, 258 Va. 103, 114, 515 S.E.2d 557, 563 (1999). When based on credible
evidence, the commission’s judgments are “‘conclusive and binding as to all questions of fact.’”
Id. (quoting Code § 65.2-706(A)); see also Tomes v. James City (County of) Fire, 39 Va. App.
424, 430, 573 S.E.2d 312, 315 (2002); Westmoreland Coal Co. v. Russell, 31 Va. App. 16, 20,
520 S.E.2d 839, 841 (1999). Our deference to the commission’s fact finding applies “‘even
though there is evidence in the record to support a contrary finding.’” S.P. Terry Co., Inc. v.
Rubinos, 38 Va. App. 624, 632, 567 S.E.2d 584, 588 (2002) (quoting Morris v. Badger
Powhatan/Figgie Int’l, Inc., 3 Va. App. 276, 279, 348 S.E.2d 876, 877 (1986)). We defer to the
commission’s assessment of the “‘probative weight to be accorded [medical] evidence.’”
Georgia-Pacific Corp. v. Robinson, 32 Va. App. 1, 5, 526 S.E.2d 267, 269 (2000) (quoting
C.D.S. Const. Servs. v. Petrock, 218 Va. 1064, 1070, 243 S.E.2d 236, 240 (1978)).
III. The Commission Did Not Err in Reversing the Deputy Commissioner
Corestaff contends that the commission erred in rejecting the deputy commissioner’s
finding that Dr. Richter’s “uncontradicted” opinion proved that Carter’s back pain was not
related to the work accident. It argues that the evidence was not sufficient to reverse the deputy
commissioner.
Relying on Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. v. Pierce, 5 Va. App. 374, 383, 363 S.E.2d 433,
438 (1987), Corestaff contends that when the commission reverses a finding of the deputy
commissioner on a significant finding of fact, it must demonstrate how it reached a contrary
conclusion. However, Goodyear only prohibits the commission from arbitrarily disregarding the
deputy commissioner’s finding of credibility when that determination is based upon demeanor or
-4- appearance. Id. When the deputy commissioner’s finding is not based on the witness’ demeanor
and appearance, nothing in Goodyear prohibits the commission from weighing the evidence
upon the substance of the witness’ testimony. “[I]f the deputy commissioner’s determination of
credibility is based on the substance of the testimony and not upon the witness’ demeanor and
appearance, such a finding is as determinable by the full commission as by the deputy.” Id. See
Code § 65.2-705(A) (“the full Commission . . . shall review the evidence”).
The deputy commissioner’s finding was not based on Dr. Richter’s demeanor or
appearance, so the commission was not bound by that finding and could make its own finding.
Here, the commission discounted Dr. Richter’s opinion and chose to place more weight on the
notes and opinions of Carter’s treating physicians, including the contemporaneous notes of
Drs. Carlini, Fisher and Wise, and Dr. Wise’s deposition testimony. Credible evidence supports
the commission’s decision.
IV. Conclusion
We affirm the commission because credible evidence supports its findings.
Affirmed.
-5-