Cooper v. Smith

936 F. Supp. 515, 1996 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12529, 1996 WL 494317
CourtDistrict Court, N.D. Illinois
DecidedAugust 27, 1996
DocketNo. 95 C 6680
StatusPublished

This text of 936 F. Supp. 515 (Cooper v. Smith) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, N.D. Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Cooper v. Smith, 936 F. Supp. 515, 1996 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12529, 1996 WL 494317 (N.D. Ill. 1996).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

ALESIA, District Judge.

Before the court are two motions to dismiss plaintiff Kevin Cooper’s complaint pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim upon which the court can grant relief. One is brought by defendant Matt Rodriguez; the other by defendants Ronald Smith, Marsha R. Askew, Darlene D. Wicht, Gregory Williamson, Joseph Lux, Robert Loughran, Bernard Pistello, and Debra Mzorek (collectively, “defendants”). For the reasons that follow, the court grants the motions to dismiss.

I. BACKGROUND

According to Cooper’s complaint, on February 12,1994, Officer Ronald Smith came to Cooper’s home on a complaint by Cooper’s girlfriend, Demetrice Pruitt, that her child [517]*517was injured and was inside Cooper’s house. Pruitt also lived with Cooper. When the police arrived at Cooper’s house, Cooper opened the door and told the police that an injured child was in the house, and that the child’s mother could come in the house but that the police could not come in the house. In front of the police, Cooper accused his girlfriend of lying to the police by telhng them that Cooper had held her against her will for two days and that Cooper would not let her get her child.

Officer Smith forced his way into Cooper’s house, and Pruitt got her child. The police arrested Cooper and searched his house over Cooper’s objection and while Cooper was in handcuffs. Though Cooper’s complaint does not state so, Cooper eventually was convicted of child battery charges stemming from the February 12, 1994, incident. He is now in prison serving a 30-year sentence based on those convictions.

Cooper brought this action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. He alleges that based on the February 12,1994, incident, he was subjected to cruel and unusual punishment, malicious prosecution, false imprisonment, and an illegal search and seizure in violation of his constitutional rights.

II. DISCUSSION

A. Standard for deciding a motion to dismiss

When deciding a motion to dismiss under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), the court must accept all well-pleaded allegations in the complaint as true and draw all reasonable inferences in favor of the plaintiff. Ellsworth v. City of Racine, 774 F.2d 182, 184 (7th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1047, 106 S.Ct. 1265, 89 L.Ed.2d 574 (1986). If, when viewed in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, the complaint fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, the court must dismiss the case. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6); Gomez v. Illinois State Board of Educ., 811 F.2d 1030, 1039 (7th Cir.1987). However, the court may dismiss the complaint only if it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claims that would entitle him to relief. Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 45-46, 78 S.Ct. 99, 102, 2 L.Ed.2d 80 (1957).

B. Cooper’s claims against defendant Matt Rodriguez

Defendant Matt Rodriguez contends that because Cooper’s claims are against Rodriguez in his official capacity, they are really against the City of Chicago.1 Rodriguez argues that a claim against the city must allege that an official policy or custom of the city was the proximate cause of the plaintiff’s alleged constitutional deprivation. According to Rodriguez, Cooper’s complaint fails to do so, and should be dismissed. The court agrees.

Official capacity lawsuits are, in effect, lawsuits against the government entity for which the official works. Monell v. New York City Dept. of Social Services, 436 U.S. 658, 690 n. 55, 98 S.Ct. 2018, 2035 n. 55, 56 L.Ed.2d 611 (1978); Kentucky v. Graham, 473 U.S. 159, 165-66, 105 S.Ct. 3099, 3105, 87 L.Ed.2d 114 (1985). A section 1983 plaintiff suing a government official in his official capacity and therefore seeking to hold the government entity liable must show that the government entity was a “moving force” behind the deprivation. Graham, 473 U.S. at 166, 105 S.Ct. at 3105 (quoting Polk County v. Dodson, 454 U.S. 312, 326, 102 S.Ct. 445, 454, 70 L.Ed.2d 509 (1981) (quoting Monell, 436 U.S. at 694, 98 S.Ct. at 2037)). Thus, to maintain an official capacity claim under section 1983, a plaintiff must allege that a policy, custom, or practice of the government entity deprived the plaintiff of a constitutionally protected interest. Monell, 436 U.S. at 690-91, 98 S.Ct. at 2035-36; McTigue v. City of Chicago, 60 F.3d 381, 382 (7th Cir.1995).

Cooper’s complaint mentions neither Rodriguez nor any policies or customs of the city or police department that may have violated [518]*518Cooper’s constitutional rights. However, in his response to defendants’ motion to dismiss, Cooper states that “custom[s] and policies are made in the [C]ity of [C]hieago police department.” (Plaintiff Kevin Cooper [sic] Pro-Se Motion to Remonstrate to Defendants [sic] Motion [sic] to Dismiss (hereinafter “Pl.’s Resp. to Defs.’ Mots, to Dismiss”) at 8.) Cooper alleges that these customs and policies are not always posted and in plain view, but nonetheless must be complied with within the police department. (Id.) Cooper alleges that it is a violation of custom and policy when one signs “tainted” police reports. (Id. at 6.)

Cooper fails to allege that any official policies, customs, or practices of the police department or city deprived him of his constitutional rights. Moreover, Cooper’s allegations preclude his claim against Rodriguez in his official capacity. Cooper alleges essentially that the police department has policies and customs that officers must comply with, but that the defendants in this case violated those policies and customs. Consequently, it was not the police department’s policies, customs, or practices themselves, but rather was the violation of the policies, practices, or customs, that caused Cooper’s alleged injuries.

Accordingly, Cooper has not stated and cannot state a claim against Rodriguez in his official capacity (or more accurately, against the City of Chicago).2 Cooper’s claims against Rodriguez in his official capacity are dismissed, and Rodriguez is dismissed as a defendant in this case.

C.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

United States v. Lovett
328 U.S. 303 (Supreme Court, 1946)
Conley v. Gibson
355 U.S. 41 (Supreme Court, 1957)
Katz v. United States
389 U.S. 347 (Supreme Court, 1967)
Ingraham v. Wright
430 U.S. 651 (Supreme Court, 1977)
Michigan v. Tyler
436 U.S. 499 (Supreme Court, 1978)
Monell v. New York City Dept. of Social Servs.
436 U.S. 658 (Supreme Court, 1978)
Polk County v. Dodson
454 U.S. 312 (Supreme Court, 1981)
Kentucky v. Graham
473 U.S. 159 (Supreme Court, 1985)
United States v. Douglas Rivera
825 F.2d 152 (Seventh Circuit, 1987)
Randall Curtis v. Brian Bembenek
48 F.3d 281 (Seventh Circuit, 1995)
United States v. Rodney L. McNeal
77 F.3d 938 (Seventh Circuit, 1996)
Reese v. Chicago Police Department
602 F. Supp. 441 (N.D. Illinois, 1984)
McTigue v. City of Chicago
60 F.3d 381 (Seventh Circuit, 1995)
Abbot v. Hagner Management Corp.
475 U.S. 1047 (Supreme Court, 1986)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
936 F. Supp. 515, 1996 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12529, 1996 WL 494317, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/cooper-v-smith-ilnd-1996.