[Cite as Cook v. NL Industries, Inc., 2013-Ohio-5119.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION Nos. 98911 and 99522
CHRIS COOK, INDIVIDUALLY, AND AS EXECUTOR OF THE ESTATE OF DANIEL COOK, ET AL. PLAINTIFFS-APPELLANTS
vs.
NL INDUSTRIES, INC., ET AL. DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART AND REMANDED
Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CV-705551
BEFORE: Blackmon, J., Celebrezze, P.J., and E.A. Gallagher, J. RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: November 21, 2013 ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
For Chris Cook Ind., Etc.
Joshua P. Grunda Jessica M. Bacon Thomas W. Bevan Patrick M. Walsh Bevan & Associates, L.P.A., Inc. 6555 Dean Memorial Parkway Boston Heights, Ohio 44236
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES
For NL Industries, Inc.
Timothy M. Fox Christine E. Watchorn Ulmer & Berne, L.L.P. 88 East Broad Street, Suite 1600 Columbus, Ohio 43215
For Donald McKay Smith, Inc.
William D. Bonezzi Kevin O. Kadlec Bonezzi Switzer Murphy Polito & Hupp Co., L.P.A. 1300 East 9th Street, Suite 1950 Cleveland, Ohio 44114
For Allied Glove
Bradley K. Shafer Swartz Campbell 1233 Main Street, Suite 1000 Wheeling, West Virginia 26003 For Beazer East, Inc.
Daniel J. Michalec Holly Olarczuk-Smith Gallagher Sharp Sixth Floor, Bulkley Building 1501 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44115
For Clark Industrial Insulation
John A. Kristan, Jr. John A. Valenti Kelley Jasons McGowan Spinelli Hanna & Reber, L.L.P. 1220 W. 6th Street, Suite 305 Cleveland, Ohio 44113
W. Matthew Reber Kelley Jasons McGowan, et al. Two Liberty Place, Suite 1900 50 South 16th Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102
For Cleaver-Brooks, Inc.
Coleson R. Braham Daniel P. Carter Jeffrey W. Ruple Buckley King, L.P.A. 1400 Fifth Third Center 600 Superior Avenue, East Cleveland, Ohio 44114 For Edward R. Hart Company
James N. Kline Bruce P. Mandel Kurt S. Siegfried Robert E. Zulandt, III Ulmer & Berne, L.L.P. Skylight Office Tower 1660 West 2nd Street, Suite 1100 Cleveland, Ohio 44113
For Ford Motor Company
Stephanie M. Chmiel Jennifer M. Mountcastle Thompson Hine, L.L.P. 41 S. High Street, Suite 1700 Columbus, Ohio 43215
Elizabeth B. Wright Thompson Hine, L.L.P. 3900 Key Center 127 Public Square Cleveland, Ohio 44114
Stephen T. Persia Susan Squire Box Brad A. Rimmel Nathan F. Studeny Roetzel & Andress, L.P.A. 222 South Main Street Akron, Ohio 44308
For Foster Wheeler Corporation
Nicholas L. Evanchan Ralph J. Palmisano Evanchan & Palmisano 388 South Main Street, Suite 402 Akron, Ohio 44311
For General Electric Company
Reginald S. Kramer Oldham Kramer 195 South Main Street, Suite 300 Akron, Ohio 44308
For Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
Matthew M. Daiker Perry W. Doran, II Richard D. Schuster Vorys, Sater, Seymour, & Pease 52 East Gay Street P.O. Box 1008 Columbus, Ohio 43216-1008
For Honeywell International, Inc.
Steven G. Blackmer Willman & Silvaggio, L.L.P. 5500 Corporate Drive, Suite 150 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15237
For Illinois Tool Works, Inc.
Laura Kingsley Hong Squire Sanders (US), L.L.P. 4900 Key Tower 127 Public Square Cleveland, Ohio 44114
-v- For Kelsey-Hayes Company
Diane L. Feigi Wade A. Mitchell Edward D. Papp Baker & Hostetler, L.L.P. PNC Center 1900 East 9th Street, Suite 3200 Cleveland, Ohio 44114
For Morton International
Jennifer A. Riester Weston Hurd, L.L.P. The Tower at Erieview 1301 East Ninth Street, Suite 1900 Cleveland, Ohio 44114
For CL Zimmerman & Ohio Pipe & Supply Company
Thomas R. Wolf Reminger Co., L.P.A. 101 Prospect Avenue, West, Suite 1400 Cleveland, Ohio 44115
For Okonite Company
Kenneth F. Krawczak Michele L. Larissey Swartz Campbell, L.L.C. The Illuminating Building 55 Public Square, Suite 1120 Cleveland, Ohio 44113
-vi- For Pneumo Abex, L.L.C.
Susan M. Audey Christopher J. Caryl Jennifer Woloschyn Tucker Ellis, L.L.P. 950 Main Avenue, Suite 1100 Cleveland, Ohio 44113
For Saint-Gobain Abrasives (f.k.a. Norton Company)
Michael D. Eagen Dinsmore & Shohl, L.L.P. 1900 Chemed Center 255 East Fifth Street Cincinnati, Ohio 45202
Daniel L. Jones, Jr. Dinsmore & Shohl, L.L.P. 255 East Fifth Street, Suite 1900 Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, J.:
{¶1} In this consolidated appeal, appellant, Chris Cook (“Cook”), executor of the
estate of his father, Charles Cook (“the Decedent”), appeals the trial court’s decision to
administratively dismiss his complaint. Cook assigns the following errors for our review:
I. The trial court erred in administratively dismissing this case.
II. R.C. 2307.92 and 2307.93 are unconstitutional as applied to plaintiff.
III. The trial court erred in finding the Goodrich Reply Memorandum is part of the trial court record.
{¶2} Having reviewed the record and pertinent law, we affirm in part, reverse in
part and remand to the lower court for further proceedings consistent with the following
opinion. The apposite facts follow.
{¶3} In November 2007, the decedent, a former smoker, who smoked up to two
packs per day for almost 30 years, was diagnosed with lung cancer. In June 2008,
decedent passed away and an autopsy confirmed the lung cancer diagnosis. In addition,
the autopsy uncovered large amounts of fibrosis with asbestos bodies, including severe
interstitial fibrosis in the left ventricle.
{¶4} On September 30, 2009, Cook filed an asbestos-related complaint against
several companies, including, but not limited to NL Industries, Inc., f.k.a. National Lead
Company, Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Ford Motor
Company, Exxon Mobil Oil Company, Individually and as Successor to Mobil Oil Corporation, as well as “John Does and 1-100 Manufacturers, Sellers, or Installers of
Asbestos-Containing Products” (collectively “appellees”). The complaint alleged injury to
his father and subsequent death from workplace exposure to products containing asbestos.
{¶5} Subsequent to the filing of the complaint, Cook’s attorney sent letters to the
decedent’s treating oncologist, Dr. Edward Walsh, and treating pathologist, Dr. Michael
Doyle, to opine regarding the causal connection between decedent’s exposure to asbestos
and his development of lung cancer. Decedent’s oncologist responded that he was not an
expert in asbestos-related disease, and thus not qualified to provide a statement relating to
the claim. Along the same vein, the decedent’s pathologist responded that he was not an
expert in the pathology of asbestos-related diseases, and could not say without reservation
that decedent’s lung cancer was due to asbestos exposure, and that asbestos exposure
caused his death.
{¶6} On February 14, 2012, appellees moved the trial court to administratively
dismiss the complaint for failure to submit the requisite prima facie evidence of physical
impairment. On July 20, 2012, Cook filed his motion in opposition. In his response,
Cook attached decedent’s autopsy report and a letter from Dr. Alvin J. Schonfeld, who
reviewed the autopsy report. In his letter, Dr. Schonfeld opined that decedent’s lung
cancer and death were caused by his extensive smoking and causally related to workplace
exposure to asbestos. {¶7} On August 7, 2012, the trial court held an oral hearing on the matter. The
following day, the trial court granted appellees’ motion to administratively dismiss Cook’s
complaint. Cook now appeals.
Administrative Dismissal
{¶8} In the first assigned error, Cook argues the trial court erred in
administratively dismissing the complaint.
{¶9} On September 2, 2004, Am.Sub.H.B. 292 became effective, and its key
provisions were codified in R.C. 2307.91 through 2307.98. Farnsworth v. Allied Glove
Corp., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 91731, 2009-Ohio-3890. The statutes require plaintiffs who
assert asbestos claims to make a prima facie showing by a competent medical authority that
exposure to asbestos was a substantial contributing factor to their medical condition
resulting in a physical impairment. Cross v. A-Best Prods. Co., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
90388, 2009-Ohio-3079; Am. Sub. H.B. 292, Section 3(A)(5).
{¶10} “Substantial contributing factor” is defined as “[e]xposure to asbestos [that] is
the predominate cause of the physical impairment alleged in the asbestos claim” and that
“[a] competent medical authority has determined with a reasonable degree of medical
certainty that without the asbestos exposures the physical impairment of the exposed person
would not have occurred.” Link v. Consol. Rail Corp., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 92503,
2009-Ohio-6216; R.C. 2307.91(FF)(1) and (2). In Ackison v. Anchor Packing Co., 120
Ohio St.3d 228, 2008-Ohio-5243, 897 N.E.2d 1118, the Ohio Supreme Court construed the statute as requiring that asbestos exposure be a significant, direct cause of the injury to the
degree that without the exposure to asbestos, the injury would not have occurred. Id.
{¶11} Directly relevant to this case, specifically because decedent smoked up to
two packs of cigarettes per day for almost 30 years, R.C. 2307.92(B), (C), and (D),
respectively, prohibit plaintiffs from maintaining asbestos actions based upon: (1)
nonmalignant conditions; (2) smoker lung-cancer claims; and (3) wrongful death, unless
the plaintiff in one of these situations can establish a prima facie showing in the manner
described in R.C. 2307.93(A).
{¶12} Any plaintiff who bases his claim on any of the three circumstances listed in
R.C. 2307.92(B), (C), or (D), must file “a written report and supporting test results
constituting prima facie evidence of the exposed person’s physical impairment” meeting
the requirements specified in those sections. R.C. 2307.93(A)(1).
{¶13} Specifically, R.C. 2307.92(C)(1) sets forth the requirements that a smoker
with lung cancer must present to establish a prima facie case, including, evidence from a
competent medical authority that the exposed person has primary lung cancer, and that the
exposure to asbestos is a substantial contributing factor; evidence that there was a latency
period of ten or more years since the exposure and the diagnosis of lung cancer; and
evidence of either the exposed person’s substantial occupational exposure or evidence that
the exposure to asbestos was at least equal to 25 fiber per cc years as determined to a reasonable degree of scientific probability by a certified industrial hygienist or safety
professional.1
{¶14} Under R.C. 2307.93(A)(1), defendants may challenge the adequacy of the
plaintiff’s prima facie evidence. R.C. 2307.93(B) provides that if the defendant does
challenge the adequacy of the plaintiff’s prima facie evidence, the court “shall determine
from all of the evidence submitted” whether the proffered prima facie evidence meets the
minimum requirements for cases involving smoker lung cancer, as specified in R.C.
2307.92(C). The trial court shall resolve the issue of whether the plaintiff has made the
prima facie showing required by R.C. 2307.92 (B), (C), or (D) by applying the standard for
resolving a motion for summary judgment. R.C. 2307.93(B).
{¶15} If the court finds, after considering all of the evidence, that the plaintiff failed
to make a prima facie showing, then “[t]he court shall administratively dismiss the
plaintiff’s claim without prejudice.” R.C. 2307.93(C). Summary judgment is reviewed de
novo on appeal. Hoover v. Norfolk S. Ry. Co., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 93479 and 93689,
2010-Ohio-2894, citing Parenti v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 66 Ohio App.3d 826,
586 N.E.2d 1121 (9th Dist.1990). Summary judgment is proper only when the movant
1 The Ohio Supreme Court has determined that “[t]he prima facie filing requirements of R.C. 2307.92 are procedural in nature, and their application to claims brought in state court pursuant to the FELA and the LBIA does not violate the Supremacy Clause, because the provisions do not impose an unnecessary burden on a federally created right.” Norfolk S. Ry. Co. v. Bogle, 115 Ohio St.3d 455, 2007-Ohio-5248, 875 N.E.2d 919. Therefore, the prima facie requirements contained in R.C. 2307.92(C)(1) do apply to this case. demonstrates that, viewing the evidence most strongly in favor of the nonmovant,
reasonable minds must conclude that no genuine issue as to any material fact remains to be
litigated, and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Id., citing Doe v.
Shaffer, 90 Ohio St.3d 388, 2000-Ohio-186, 738 N.E.2d 1243.
{¶16} In the instant case, Cook’s counsel sent letters to his deceased father’s treating
physicians, soliciting opinions that exposure to asbestos was a substantial contributing
factor to Cook’s father’s lung cancer and eventual death. In crafting the letters, counsel
included the following statement:
If you feel you are not an expert in asbestos-related disease and are not qualified to give a statement relating to lung cancer and how asbestos may have been a substantial contributing factor in causing his lung cancer, I am requesting from you that you notify me in writing.
As a result, and as previously mentioned, both treating physicians declined to render an
opinion. Both physicians indicated that they were not experts in the pathology of
asbestos-related diseases and could not render an opinion.
{¶17} R.C. 2307.91(Z) defines “competent medical authority” as a medical doctor
who is providing a diagnosis for purposes of constituting prima facie evidence of an
exposed person’s physical impairment that meets the requirements specified in [R.C.
2307.92] and who meets the following requirements:
(1) The medical doctor is a board-certified internist, pulmonary specialist, oncologist, pathologist, or occupational medicine specialist.
(2) The medical doctor is actually treating or has treated the exposed person and has or had a doctor-patient relationship with the person. (3) As the basis for the diagnosis, the medical doctor has not relied, in whole or in part, on any of the following:
(a) The reports or opinions of any doctor, clinic, laboratory, or testing company that performed an examination, test, or screening of the claimant’s medical condition in violation of any law, regulation, licensing requirement, or medical code of practice of the state in which that examination, test, or screening was conducted;
(b) The reports or opinions of any doctor, clinic, laboratory, or testing company that performed an examination, test, or screening of the claimant’s medical condition that was conducted without clearly establishing a doctor-patient relationship with the claimant or medical personnel involved in the examination, test, or screening process;
(c) The reports or opinions of any doctor, clinic, laboratory, or testing company that performed an examination, test, or screening of the claimant’s medical condition that required the claimant to agree to retain the legal services of the law firm sponsoring the examination, test, or screening.
(4) The medical doctor spends not more than twenty-five per cent of the
medical doctor’s professional practice time in providing consulting or expert
services in connection with actual or potential tort actions, and the medical
doctor’s medical group, professional corporation, clinic, or other affiliated
group earns not more than twenty per cent of its revenues from providing
those services.
{¶18} A review of the above statute reveals that the decedent’s treating oncologist
and pathologist clearly meet the requirement of a “competent medical authority” as that
term is defined. Absent from the above statute is any requirement that the “competent
medical authority” be an “expert in asbestos- related disease” in order to render an opinion. {¶19} Cook failed to obtain an opinion from his father’s treating physicians. As
such, Cook failed to make a prima facie showing by a competent medical authority that
exposure to asbestos was a substantial contributing factor to his father developing lung
cancer and ultimately dying. Consequently, the trial court was constrained to
administratively dismiss the complaint without prejudice. Under the circumstances, the trial
court did not err in administratively dismissing the complaint.
{¶20} Nonetheless, Cook urges that we examine the application of the prima facie
case requirements of R.C. 2307.92(C)(1) in a similar vein as we did in Sinnott v.
Aqua-Chem, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 88062, 2008-Ohio-3806, and its offspring. Sinnott,
and several cases afterwards, involved plaintiffs whose lung cancer was treated by
physicians at the Veterans Administration. There, in crafting a limited exception, we
noted that a plaintiff treating at the Veterans Administration possessed a limited ability to
achieve the typical doctor-patient relationship envisioned by R.C. 2307.92(C)(1) and R.C.
2307.91(Z)(2).
{¶21} However, unlike Sinnott, in the instant case, the decedent experienced the
typical doctor-patient relationship with Doctors Walsh and Doyle that is envisioned by R.C.
2307.92(C)(1) and R.C. 2307.91(Z)(2). In the instant case, we have no way of knowing
whether Doctors Walsh and Doyle would have provided an opinion if counsel had not
included the requirement that they be experts in asbestos-related diseases.
{¶22} What we do know is that both doctors achieved the typical doctor-patient
relationship with decedent and both were qualified to opine whether exposure to asbestos was a substantial contributing factor to the decedent developing lung cancer and eventually
dying. As such, a Sinnott-like exception is not warranted.
{¶23} Further, although Cook urges that the autopsy report, along with Dr.
Schonfeld’s letter of interpretation, is deemed sufficient to establish a prima facie showing,
neither Dr. Schonfeld nor the individual who performed the autopsy met the requirement of
a “competent medical authority” as defined by the statute. Pivotally, neither the coroner,
for obvious reason, nor Dr. Schonfeld achieved a typical doctor-patient relationship with
decedent. Accordingly, we overrule the first assigned error.
Constitutional Challenges
{¶24} In the second assigned error, Cook argues the governing statutes are
unconstitutional.
{¶25} Initially, we note, in resolving claims contesting the constitutionality of a
statute, we presume the constitutionality of the legislation, and the party challenging the
validity of the statute, bears the burden of establishing beyond a reasonable doubt that the
statute is unconstitutional. See State ex rel. Zeigler v. Zumbar, 129 Ohio St.3d 240,
2011-Ohio-2939, 951 N.E.2d 405, ¶ 24; Ohio Grocers Assn. v. Levin, 123 Ohio St.3d 303,
2009-Ohio-4872, 916 N.E.2d 446, ¶ 11.
{¶26} In determining the constitutionality of a legislative act, this court must first
determine whether the party is challenging the act on its face or as applied to a particular
set of facts. Yajnik v. Akron Dept. of Health, Hous. Div., 101 Ohio St.3d 106,
2004-Ohio-357, 802 N.E.2d 632, ¶ 14. An “as applied” challenge asserts that a statute is unconstitutional as applied to the challenger’s particular conduct. Columbus v. Meyer, 152
Ohio App.3d 46, 2003-Ohio-1270, 786 N.E.2d 521 ¶ 31 (10th Dist.).
{¶27} In contrast, a facial challenge asserts that a law is unconstitutional as applied
to the hypothetical conduct of a third party and without regard to the challenger’s specific
conduct. Corsi v. Ohio Elections Commn., 10th Dist. Franklin No. 11AP-1034,
2012-Ohio-4831, 981 N.E.2d 919. To succeed in a typical facial attack, counsel would have
to establish “that no set of circumstances exists under which [the definition] would be
valid.” Id., quoting United States v. Salerno, 481 U.S. 739, 745, 107 S.Ct. 2095, 95
L.Ed.2d 697 (1987).
{¶28} Within this assigned error, Cook argues the statute is unconstitutional as
applied to this case because it requires him to provide the impossible. However, as
discussed in the first assigned error, it may be possible to procure opinions from decedent’s
treating physicians, but for counsel’s imposition of additional qualifications not required by
statute. Consequently, Cook, through counsel, improperly created this “impossible”
situation that now forms the basis of his constitutional challenge. As such, Cook’s “as
applied” constitutional attack of the governing statute is not well taken.
{¶29} The Ohio Supreme Court has previously considered various constitutional
challenges surrounding H.B. 292 and its statutory enactments, and has concluded that the
requirements of R.C. 2307.91, 2307.92, and 2307.93 are procedural and remedial in nature
and are not substantive and punitive. See Norfolk S. Ry. Co. v. Bogle, 115 Ohio St.3d 455,
2007-Ohio-5248, 875 N.E.2d 919 (holding that the prima facie filing requirements of R.C. 2307.92 are procedural in nature, and their application to federal claims brought in state court
does not violate the Supremacy Clause); Ackison v. Anchor Packing Co., 120 Ohio St.3d 228,
2008-Ohio-5243, 897 N.E.2d 1118 (holding that the requirements of R.C. 2307.91, 2307.92
and 2307.93 are remedial and procedural and may be applied without offending the
Retroactivity Clause of the Ohio Constitution).
{¶30} Cook vaguely claims that refusing to allow the interpretation of the autopsy
report by a non-treating physician to establish the prima facie showing violates the open
court’s provision of the Ohio Constitution.
{¶31} Ohio Constitution, Article I, Section 16 provides, “[A]ll courts shall be open,
and every person, for an injury done him in his land, goods, person, or reputation, shall
have remedy by due course of law, and shall have justice administered without denial or
delay.” This provision contains two distinct guarantees. First, legislative enactments may
restrict individual rights only “by due course of law,” a guarantee equivalent to the Due
Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Groch v.
Gen. Motors Corp., 117 Ohio St.3d 192, 2008-Ohio-546, 883 N.E.2d 377, citing Sedar v.
Knowlton Const. Co., 49 Ohio St.3d 193, 199, 551 N.E.2d 938 (1990). The second
guarantee in Section 16 is that “all courts shall be open to every person with a right to a
remedy for injury to his person, property, or reputation, with the opportunity for such
remedy being granted at a meaningful time and in a meaningful manner.” Id. at 109,
quoting Sedar at 199. {¶32} “The right-to-a-remedy provision of Section 16, Article I applies only to
existing, vested rights, and it is a state law which determines what injuries are recognized
and what remedies are available * * * .” Id. at 150, quoting Sedar at 202. “A right is not
regarded as vested in the constitutional sense unless it amounts to something more than a
mere expectation or interest based upon an anticipated continuance of existing law.” In re
Special Docket No. 73958, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 87777 and 87816, 2008-Ohio-4444, ¶
29, quoting In re Emery, 59 Ohio App.2d 7, 11, 391 N.E.2d 746 (1st Dist.1978).
Furthermore, the legislature may not enact laws that take away a remedy to an injured
person. State ex rel. Ohio Academy of Trial Lawyers v. Sheward, 86 Ohio St.3d 451, 476,
1999 Ohio 123, 715 N.E.2d 1062 (1999).
{¶33} We have previously concluded that the enactment of H.B. 292 does not take
away a remedy to an injured party; it “merely affects the method and procedure by which
the cause of action is recognized, protected, and enforced, not the cause of action itself.”
Bland v. Ajax Magnethermic Corp., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 95249, 2011-Ohio-1247,
quoting In re Special Docket No. 73958 at 31, citing Wilson v. AC&S, Inc., 169 Ohio
App.3d 720, 2006-Ohio-6704, 864 N.E.2d 682 (12th Dist.). The Ohio Supreme Court has
characterized the medical evidence criteria, including R.C. 2307.92(B), as mere
administrative procedures, not substantive limits on a plaintiff’s access to the courts. See
generally Bogle and Ackison. Because it has been found that H.B. 292 does not take away a
remedy, its statutory enactments are equally sound. {¶34} R.C. 2307.92 and 2307.93 “do not relate to the rights and duties that give rise
to [the] cause of action or otherwise make it more difficult for a claimant to succeed on the
merits of a claim. Rather, they pertain to the machinery for carrying on a suit. They are
therefore procedural in nature, not substantive.” Bogle at 17, quoting Jones v. Erie RR. Co.,
106 Ohio St. 408, 412, 1 Ohio Law Abs. 104, 140 N.E. 366 (1922).
{¶35} As such, Cook has not been denied access to the courts. The statutory
provisions of H.B. 292 do not prevent Cook from pursuing his claims. Moreover, H.B. 292
was enacted in 2004, prior to decedent’s diagnosis of lung cancer. Therefore, the
requirements had been established; Cook merely needed to follow them to maintain his
cause of action.
{¶36} The fact that Cook’s attorney chose to impose an additional and unnecessary
qualification when requesting the opinion did not alleviate the burden to obtain the
necessary opinion to satisfy his prima facie showing. Consequently, Cook’s claim that he is
being denied access to the courts is without merit. Accordingly, we overrule the second
assigned error.
Record on Appeal
{¶37} In the third assigned error, Cook argues the trial court abused its discretion in
finding that the Goodrich v. A.O. Smith Corp., Cuyahoga C.P. No. CV-561244, reply brief
was part of its record.
{¶38} By way of background, in 2007, in the Goodrich matter, defendants filed a
motion to administratively dismiss an asbestos-related complaint. In their motion in opposition, filed July 26, 2007, Goodrich argued that R.C. 2307.92 and 2307.93 were
unconstitutional because each violated the separation of powers, open courts, due process,
and equal protection clauses of the Ohio and United States Constitutions. On September
19, 2007, after reply memorandums had been filed by certain defendants addressing
Goodrich’s constitutional arguments, the trial court held a hearing on the motion to
administratively dismiss the complaint, and subsequently issued an opinion upholding the
constitutionality of R.C. 2307.92 and 2307.93.
{¶39} Fast forward to 2012, in the instant matter, appellees filed a motion to
administratively dismiss Cook’s asbestos-related complaint. In response to the motion to
dismiss, Cook argued that he was unable to meet the requirements of R.C. 2307.92 because
his father’s treating physicians were not “experts in asbestos-related disease” and thus
unable to render an opinion. In addition, and pertinent to this assigned error, Cook argued
that R.C. 2307.92 and 2307.93 were unconstitutional for the same reasons advanced in
Goodrich.
{¶40} Because Cook’s constitutional arguments had already been addressed and
resolved by the trial court, appellees attached a copy of the trial court’s opinion in Goodrich
to their reply brief, preceded by the following statement:
For sake of brevity, Defendants additionally adopt, as fully rewritten herein, the arguments made in support of the constitutionality of R.C. 2307.92 and R.C. 2307.93 made by various Defendants in the Goodrich case. See Notice of Joinder in Motion to Dismiss Pursuant to H.B. 292 and Reply Memorandum in Response to Plaintiffs’ Memorandum in Opposition, File & Serve No. 16092027. {¶41} Cook now argues that the Goodrich opinion was not properly part of the trial
court’s record and not part of the record on appeal. We agree.
{¶42} The Goodrich briefing was not filed in the present case, but was only
referenced. This court has no way to examine the briefing within its record. The trial
court also cannot take judicial notice of matters in unrelated cases even where it presided
over those other cases. NorthPoint Properties, Inc. v. Petticord, 179 Ohio App.3d 342,
2008-Ohio-5996, 901 N.E.2d 869, ¶ 16 (8th Dist.).
{¶43} In NorthPoint Properties, this court held that a trial court cannot take judicial
notice of court proceedings in another case. Similarly, “a trial court may not take judicial
notice of prior proceedings in the court even if the same parties and subject matter are
involved.” A trial court “may only take judicial notice of prior proceedings in the
immediate case.” “The rationale for the rule that a trial court cannot take judicial notice of
proceedings in a separate action is that the appellate court cannot review the propriety of
the trial court’s reliance on such prior proceedings because that record is not before the
appellate court.” (Citations omitted.) Id. Accord State v. Jackson, 11th Dist. Trumbull
No. 2004-T-0089, 2006-Ohio-2651, ¶ 36.
{¶44} The trial court erred in determining that the Goodrich briefing should be a
part of the present record because it does not appear in the record and this court has no way
to review it on appeal. If appellees wished to include the briefing in Goodrich, they
needed to at least file it in this case and make it a part of the record. Accordingly, we
sustain the third assigned error. {¶45} This cause is affirmed in part, reversed in part and remanded to the lower
court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
It is ordered that appellees and appellant share the costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common
pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, JUDGE
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., P.J., and EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J., CONCUR