Continental Web Press, Inc. v. National Labor Relations Board

767 F.2d 321, 119 L.R.R.M. (BNA) 3125, 1985 U.S. App. LEXIS 20047
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedJune 25, 1985
DocketNos. 83-2124, 83-2422
StatusPublished
Cited by8 cases

This text of 767 F.2d 321 (Continental Web Press, Inc. v. National Labor Relations Board) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Continental Web Press, Inc. v. National Labor Relations Board, 767 F.2d 321, 119 L.R.R.M. (BNA) 3125, 1985 U.S. App. LEXIS 20047 (7th Cir. 1985).

Opinion

POSNER, Circuit Judge.

After we set aside the Labor Board’s order on August 30, 1984, see Continental Web Press, Inc. v. NLRB, 742 F.2d 1087 (7th Cir.1984), Continental Web Press applied to us for an award of roughly $18,000 in attorney’s fees and related expenses under the Equal Access to Justice Act, 28 U.S.C. § 2412(d)(1)(A), which allows such awards if the government’s position is not “substantially justified.” The Board does not argue that its position was substantially justified, but it opposes the application on other grounds that raise issues of some novelty; and though the Act expired shortly after our decision (the expiration does not affect this application, however), it is expected to be reenacted in some form, and a discussion of the issues raised by the Board may be helpful to Congress in deciding what form that shall be.

To be entitled to attorney’s fees under the Act, a firm must have either a net worth no greater than $5 million or no more than 500 employees. 28 U.S.C. § 2412(d)(2)(B). The Board argues that the disjunctive form was unintentional — that both criteria must be met — and there is much support for this argument, see Unification Church v. INS, 762 F.2d 1077, 1083-1091 (D.C.Cir.1985), but we need not resolve the issue since in any event Continental Web Press meets both criteria, as we shall see. The Board concedes that Continental Web Press has no more than 500 employees, but not that it has a net worth of no more than $5 million. After depreciation, the company’s net worth is well below $5 million; but before depreciation, it is well above $5 million, and the Board argues that depreciation ought not be subtracted in computing the company’s net worth. At first glance, the argument seems ridiculous. A company’s “net worth” (the statutory term) is the difference between its assets and its liabilities, and accumulated depreciation is either a liability or a reduction in the value of the assets. Either way it is no phantom — at least it need not be, as an example will show. Suppose a firm in 1965 buys a printing press for $1 million dollars that is expected to last 20 years. In 1984, when the press has another year of life, as it were, it would be unrealistic to say that the company had a printing press worth $1 million; for unless there has been an enormous increase in the price of printing presses over the period, no one will pay $1 million for a press that is about to wear out. Of course firms sometimes depreciate equipment faster than it actually wears out or obsolesces, Often there are tax incentives to do this, thought sometimes the company will have separate depreciation schedules for tax and ordinary business purposes so that rapid depreciation for tax purposes will not create an unrealistic picture of the current value of the firm’s [323]*323assets. And of course if prices are increasing over the life of a particular asset it may be worth more at any point during its life than its depreciated original cost. But this is just to say that a balance sheet only approximates economic reality, and does not reflect it perfectly. It would be arbitrary to say that because depreciation may sometimes result in understating a company’s net worth it should be disregarded, and the company valued as if every piece of its capital equipment were brand-new, which is the Board’s position.

The Board’s entire support for its position is the following sentence in the legislative history of the Equal Access to Justice Act: “In determining the value of assets, the cost of acquisition rather than fair market value should be used.” H.R.Rep. No. 1418, 96th Cong., 2d Sess. 15 (1980), U.S. Code Cong. & Admin.News 1980, pp. 4953, 4994; S.Rep. No. 253, 96th Cong., 1st Sess. 17 (1979). All this means to us is that the net worth figure must be derived from the company’s books rather than from an appraisal. There is no indication that Congress meant by “the cost of acquisition” the undepreciated cost of acquisition. As the Board acknowledges, subtracting accumulated depreciation from the cost of acquisition “is a generally accepted accounting practice.” No reason is given why Congress might have wanted to reject it.

Congress did not define the statutory term “net worth.” It seems a fair guess that if it had thought about the question, it would have wanted the courts to refer to generally accepted accounting principles. What other guideline could there be? Congress would not have wanted us to create a whole new set of accounting principles just for use in cases under the Equal Access to Justice Act. The proceeding to recover attorney’s fees under the Act is intended to be summary; it is not intended to duplicate in complexity a public utility commission’s rate of return proceeding. Although many cases say that waivers of sovereign immunity are to be narrowly construed, a closer case than this one is necessary to put the precept into play.

The Board next argues that Continental Web Press was not — more precisely, is not yet — a prevailing party within the meaning of the Act, because we remanded the case for further proceedings. There might be some force to the Board’s position — we need not decide how much — if it were possible that on remand the Board could reinstate the order that we vacated. But we said in our decision that the Board, which had ordered the company to bargain with the union, could not on remand enter another bargaining order. See 742 F.2d at 1094. The Board may still be able to enter a cease and desist order, or an order to post notices promising compliance with the National Labor Relations Act, or conceivably an order to hold a representation election. But the main thing the company opposed was the bargaining order, and as to that its victory was complete. The meaning of “prevailing party” seems to be the same under the Equal Access to Justice Act as under other attorney’s fee statutes, such as 42 U.S.C. § 1988. See Crosby v. Bowling, 683 F.2d 1068, 1072, 1075 (7th Cir.1982) (semble); Commodity Futures Trading Comm’n v. Rosenthal & Co., 545 F.Supp. 1017, 1018 (N.D.Ill.1982). And under those statutes, a party “prevails” if he wins a substantial part of what he sought. He doesn’t have to win everything he originally sought; the average winning .plaintiff does not. See, e.g., Mary Beth G. v. City of Chicago, 723 F.2d 1263, 1278 (7th Cir. 1983); Battle v. Anderson, 614 F.2d 251, 258 (10th Cir. 1980).

The Board also takes issue with the reasonableness of the company’s fee request. Most of the Board’s objections are captious, but one is not. The Act limits lawyers to a fee of $75 an hour “unless the court determines that an increase in the cost of living or a special factor, such as the limited availability of qualified attorneys for the proceedings involved, justifies a higher fee.” 28 U.S.C. § 2412

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767 F.2d 321, 119 L.R.R.M. (BNA) 3125, 1985 U.S. App. LEXIS 20047, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/continental-web-press-inc-v-national-labor-relations-board-ca7-1985.