Adkins, J.,
delivered the opinion of the Court.
This appeal is from a judgment on a verdict in favor of the plaintiff in ,a suit on an automobile policy of insurance against theft.
The facts as shown by the record are substantially as follows:
John J. Burns, the appellee, an appraiser in the Orphans’. Court of Baltimore City, in December, 1920, bought from a 'man named Charles Smithfield, of Alexandria, Virginia, a used car, for which he paid $1,000. The car was an Oldsr mobile, which,, according to the speedometer, had run 5,000 miles, and which Smithfield represented .to be a 1920 model. Bums took out the policy of insurance about six months later from the appellant company through its agent, E. M. Kennedy, at the instance of Kennedy, whose name was stamped on the policy. Among the warranties in the policy is a description of the automobile, including the factory number, D'-S^IS. There is also a condition that, in the event of loss, the assured shall forthwith give notice thereof in writing to the company or to the agent who issued the policy, and within sixty days thereafter, unless such time is extended in writing by the company, shall render a statement to the company signed and sworn to1 by the assured, stating the knowledge and belief of the assured as to the time and cause of the loss or damage, the interest of the assured and of all others in the property, and it is further provided that failure on the part of the assured to render such sworn statement within sixty days of the date of loss (unless such time is extended in writing by the company) shall render such claim 'hull and void. Another condition is that the policy shall be null and void if the interest of the assured in the property be other than unconditional and sole ownership.
The car was stolen on October 14th, 1921. Burns made a report that night to the police department, and assisted the adjuster of the company and the police department in trying to locate the car. He reported the loss to the company two days after the loss through Thomas L. Cowan, an automobile adjuster of the company. He also1 called up Kennedy, the agent, who referred him to the adjuster. Cowan was in connection with Bums several times, according to Burns’ testimony. He further testified that the factory number, Ii-31518, appearing in the application for the insurance was taken from the title record of the motor commissioner’s office, the number1 having been furnished by Smithfield at the time the application for title was made, and the witness never having looked at the car tO' see whether that number was there or not; he was not sure whether he or Smithfield actually inserted the number’ in the application for title; that he took a receipt from Smithfield in which the oar was said to be a 1920 model; that witness did not know1 whether the number D-37518 was correct or not, and that the only' person who would know this would be the man who sold him the ear.
The record of the commissioner of motor vehicles’ office was admitted without objection, showing the number iu the application ,as above, as was also the testimony of Burns, as to the number given by Smithfield; and the certificate of title giving the number.
Plaintiff’ proved by a member of the detective department, without objection, that, five days after the theft was reported over the ’phone, he received a letter from Cowan, the adjuster, reporting the theft, which letter was offered in evidence.
Testimony was offered by defendent tending to show that there was no such number and no such street in Alexandria, Va., as given by 'Smithfield as his address, and that there was no one living in Alexandria by t'he name of Smithfield; that an Oldsmobile car No. H-37518 was owned by a man liv
ing in Texas, and was constantly in his possession during the month of October, 1921, and had .been since December 27th, 1919, and that this car had never been in the State of Maryland. The purpose of this evidence was to raise an inference that the insured car was a stolen ear. There was no direct evidence tending to prove this.
On the refusal of the company to. pay the claim, suit was docketed on the 25th day of May, 1922.
The declairatidn alleged .the taking out of the policy, the loss by theft, the compliance by plaintiff with all the conditions of the policy, and the refusal by the company to pay; and there was filed with it as .a part thereof the policy itself. General issue pleas were filed, and the case defended on the following grounds: 1. Breach of warranty as to the description of the automobile. 2. That the automobile sold plaintiff was a stolen car, and, therefore, he was not the sole owner thereof. 3. Failure to give notice in writing of the loss and to file sworn .statement within sixty days.
There are four hills of exception, three of which are to rulings on evidence, and one to the ruling on the prayers.
The first three will he considered together. They are to. the admission over defendant’s objection of three letter's, as follows:
“Baltimore, January 5th, 1922.
“Redding & Kennedy,
7th Floor, American Bldg.,
City.
“Gentlemen:
“Mr. John J. Burns, holder of policy No. A-50078 of the Oontinental Insurance Company, has authorized me to institute proceedings against said company for the loss of his car.
“I understand Mr. Cowan, your adjuster, has taken this matter up, hut up to date Mr. Cowan has not seen fit to adjust the same. Unless the same is adjusted within a few days I shall he compelled to institute proceedings.
“Trusting that you will not make it necessary for me to institute proceedings in the matter, I remain, “Very respectfully yours,
“Vincent L. Palmisano.”
“Baltimore, February 7th, 1922. “Thomas L. Cowan, Adjuster,
American Building,
“Dear Sir:
“Some time ago, when talking to yoxpover the phone, you advised me that you would make an appointment in reference to taking up the matter of John J. Burns, who holds a policy of the Continental Insurance Company. Up to this date I have failed to hear from you, so I am writing you to request that you let me hear from you at the earliest possible moment so that I may dispose of this matter.
“Very, truly yours,
“Vincent L. Palmisano,”
“February 13, 1922.
“Mr. Vincent L. Palmisano,
343 Calvert Building,
Baltimore, Md.
Be: John J. Burns.
“In reference to the above claim, our Insurance Company denies liability on the grounds that the insured’s car is not stolen, being in use at the present time in Texas.
“We may further mention that we suggested to Mr. Burns that he get hold of the party he bought the car from, also he might be able to locate him from the Virginia license tags that were on the car when he first took possession of same.
“Yours truly,
“Auto Adjuster.”
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Adkins, J.,
delivered the opinion of the Court.
This appeal is from a judgment on a verdict in favor of the plaintiff in ,a suit on an automobile policy of insurance against theft.
The facts as shown by the record are substantially as follows:
John J. Burns, the appellee, an appraiser in the Orphans’. Court of Baltimore City, in December, 1920, bought from a 'man named Charles Smithfield, of Alexandria, Virginia, a used car, for which he paid $1,000. The car was an Oldsr mobile, which,, according to the speedometer, had run 5,000 miles, and which Smithfield represented .to be a 1920 model. Bums took out the policy of insurance about six months later from the appellant company through its agent, E. M. Kennedy, at the instance of Kennedy, whose name was stamped on the policy. Among the warranties in the policy is a description of the automobile, including the factory number, D'-S^IS. There is also a condition that, in the event of loss, the assured shall forthwith give notice thereof in writing to the company or to the agent who issued the policy, and within sixty days thereafter, unless such time is extended in writing by the company, shall render a statement to the company signed and sworn to1 by the assured, stating the knowledge and belief of the assured as to the time and cause of the loss or damage, the interest of the assured and of all others in the property, and it is further provided that failure on the part of the assured to render such sworn statement within sixty days of the date of loss (unless such time is extended in writing by the company) shall render such claim 'hull and void. Another condition is that the policy shall be null and void if the interest of the assured in the property be other than unconditional and sole ownership.
The car was stolen on October 14th, 1921. Burns made a report that night to the police department, and assisted the adjuster of the company and the police department in trying to locate the car. He reported the loss to the company two days after the loss through Thomas L. Cowan, an automobile adjuster of the company. He also1 called up Kennedy, the agent, who referred him to the adjuster. Cowan was in connection with Bums several times, according to Burns’ testimony. He further testified that the factory number, Ii-31518, appearing in the application for the insurance was taken from the title record of the motor commissioner’s office, the number1 having been furnished by Smithfield at the time the application for title was made, and the witness never having looked at the car tO' see whether that number was there or not; he was not sure whether he or Smithfield actually inserted the number’ in the application for title; that he took a receipt from Smithfield in which the oar was said to be a 1920 model; that witness did not know1 whether the number D-37518 was correct or not, and that the only' person who would know this would be the man who sold him the ear.
The record of the commissioner of motor vehicles’ office was admitted without objection, showing the number iu the application ,as above, as was also the testimony of Burns, as to the number given by Smithfield; and the certificate of title giving the number.
Plaintiff’ proved by a member of the detective department, without objection, that, five days after the theft was reported over the ’phone, he received a letter from Cowan, the adjuster, reporting the theft, which letter was offered in evidence.
Testimony was offered by defendent tending to show that there was no such number and no such street in Alexandria, Va., as given by 'Smithfield as his address, and that there was no one living in Alexandria by t'he name of Smithfield; that an Oldsmobile car No. H-37518 was owned by a man liv
ing in Texas, and was constantly in his possession during the month of October, 1921, and had .been since December 27th, 1919, and that this car had never been in the State of Maryland. The purpose of this evidence was to raise an inference that the insured car was a stolen ear. There was no direct evidence tending to prove this.
On the refusal of the company to. pay the claim, suit was docketed on the 25th day of May, 1922.
The declairatidn alleged .the taking out of the policy, the loss by theft, the compliance by plaintiff with all the conditions of the policy, and the refusal by the company to pay; and there was filed with it as .a part thereof the policy itself. General issue pleas were filed, and the case defended on the following grounds: 1. Breach of warranty as to the description of the automobile. 2. That the automobile sold plaintiff was a stolen car, and, therefore, he was not the sole owner thereof. 3. Failure to give notice in writing of the loss and to file sworn .statement within sixty days.
There are four hills of exception, three of which are to rulings on evidence, and one to the ruling on the prayers.
The first three will he considered together. They are to. the admission over defendant’s objection of three letter's, as follows:
“Baltimore, January 5th, 1922.
“Redding & Kennedy,
7th Floor, American Bldg.,
City.
“Gentlemen:
“Mr. John J. Burns, holder of policy No. A-50078 of the Oontinental Insurance Company, has authorized me to institute proceedings against said company for the loss of his car.
“I understand Mr. Cowan, your adjuster, has taken this matter up, hut up to date Mr. Cowan has not seen fit to adjust the same. Unless the same is adjusted within a few days I shall he compelled to institute proceedings.
“Trusting that you will not make it necessary for me to institute proceedings in the matter, I remain, “Very respectfully yours,
“Vincent L. Palmisano.”
“Baltimore, February 7th, 1922. “Thomas L. Cowan, Adjuster,
American Building,
“Dear Sir:
“Some time ago, when talking to yoxpover the phone, you advised me that you would make an appointment in reference to taking up the matter of John J. Burns, who holds a policy of the Continental Insurance Company. Up to this date I have failed to hear from you, so I am writing you to request that you let me hear from you at the earliest possible moment so that I may dispose of this matter.
“Very, truly yours,
“Vincent L. Palmisano,”
“February 13, 1922.
“Mr. Vincent L. Palmisano,
343 Calvert Building,
Baltimore, Md.
Be: John J. Burns.
“In reference to the above claim, our Insurance Company denies liability on the grounds that the insured’s car is not stolen, being in use at the present time in Texas.
“We may further mention that we suggested to Mr. Burns that he get hold of the party he bought the car from, also he might be able to locate him from the Virginia license tags that were on the car when he first took possession of same.
“Yours truly,
“Auto Adjuster.”
One of
-the
defenses in this case was failure by plaintiff io file proper proofs, required to be filed in sixty days.
There was no error in admitting these letters, if it was permissible to offer proof of waiver under the pleadings in the ease. Appellant contends that the offer of snch proof was a variance, as the narr. alleged performance by plaintiff. We do not regard this as a variance. The allegation by plaintiff that be had complied with all the conditions of the policy meant such conditions as he had been required to perform. If a condition was waived he was not required to comply.
Appellant further contends that snch testimony was not relevant because these letters were not written until after the time for filing the proofs had passed. But in Maryland estoppel is not a necessary element in the doctrine of waiver; certainly not to the extent that it is so regarded in some other jurisdictions.
Rokes
v.
Amazon Ins. Co.,
51 Md. 512;
McElroy
v.
John Hancock Life Ins. Co.,
88 Md. 137;
Mutual Life Ins. Co.
v.
Thomas,
101 Md. 505;
Federal Mut. Fire Ins. Co.
v.
Julien,
144 Md. 380.
“Estoppel as used in this connection, we understand to mean when the insurer, knowing that the proofs have not been furnished within time, so bears himself thereafter in relation to the contract, as fairly to lead the 'assured to‘ believe that he still recognizes the policy to be in: force and binding upon him.”
Rokes
v.
Amazon Ins. Co., supra.
In
McElroy
v.
John Hancock Life Ins. Co., supra,
the company wrote a letter1 after' the time allowed for filing proofs, in which it said, “The papers in themselves we think are correct enough, but the company has decided not to recognize the claim under the policy,” etc. As to that letter this Court said: “Not a word here to indicate that its refusal to pay the plaintiff was because of want of seasonable proof of death. On the contrary, the only reasonable inference to draw from this language is that without reference
to arty objection based ¡on the proof of death, it had some meritorious defense on which it intended to rely.”
On this and other1 evidence of like character this Court held the question of waiver should have been submitted to the jury.
There was no reversible error in the rulings brought up by the first three bills of exception.
The fourth exception was .to the refusal of defendant’s second, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth prayers. Its first and third prayers were granted. The Reporter is requested to set out in the report all of defendant’s prayers.
The second and sixth prayers were fully covered by the first so far as they have any bearing on the facts of this case.
The fourth and fifth were properly refused for reasons stated in discussing the other bills of exceptions.
The eighth sought to have the court declare as a matter1 of law that there was a misdescription of the automobile. The prayer was properly refused, if for no other reason, because there was sufficient evidence to take the case to the jury on that question.
Whether the information given to the purchaser by the vendor at the time of the sale, or that furnished by the records of the commissioner of motor vehicles, was admissible, it is not necessary here to decide. That testimony came in without objection. AVhen so- admitted it had the same effect as if legally admissible.
Struth
v. Deever, 100 Md. 368.
The ninth asked for an instructed verdict on the ground that from the uncontradicted evidence the plaintiff was not, at the date of the policy or at the time of the loss, the sole and unconditional owner of the automobile. We find no error in the refusal of this prayer. There was enough evidence to go- to the jury on this question, and it was properly submitted by defendant’s first prayer.
The seventh asked for an instruction that there was no legally sufficient evidence under the pleadings to- justify a verdict for the plaintiff. It follows from the previous discussion that the prayer was properly refused. It could have been granted only on the theory that there was im legally sufficient evidence o£ waiver by defendant of the failure by plaintiff to file proofs of loss. The other g-rounds of defense, if established, would have rendered the policy void
ah initio,
which would have entitled plaintiff to a verdict for the premium paid by him.
Automobile Insurance Exchange
v.
Wilson,
144 Md.
Judgment affirmed, with costs to appellee.