THIRD DIVISION June 14, 2006
No. 1-05-3521
CONTINENTAL CASUALTY COMPANY, an Illinois ) Appeal from the Corporation, and AMERICAN CASUALTY COMPANY ) Circuit Court of OF READING, PENNSYLVANIA, a Pennsylvania ) Cook County Corporation, ) Plaintiffs-Appellants, ) ) v. ) ) No. 04 CH 19092 RADIO MATERIALS CORPORATION, an Indiana ) Corporation, RADIO MATERIALS CORPORATION, a )) Nevada Corporation, and KRAFT FOODS GLOBAL, )) INC. a/k/a Kraft Foods North America, Inc. and Kraft )) Foods, Inc., a Delaware Corporation, Honorable Patrick E. McGann, Judge Defendants-Appellees. Presiding.
JUSTICE KARNEZIS delivered the opinion of the court:
Plaintiffs, Continental Casualty Company and American Casualty Company of
Reading, Pennsylvania, appeal from an order of the circuit court granting the motion of
defendants, Radio Materials Corporation - Nevada (RMC-Nevada), Radio Materials
Corporation - Indiana (RMC-Indiana) and Kraft Foods, to dismiss this cause of action 1-05-3521
pursuant to section 2-619(a)(3) of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2-619(a)(3)
(West 2004)) (Code) on the basis that the same cause of action between the same
parties is pending in an Indiana court. On appeal, plaintiffs contend that: (1) the circuit
court's determination that the Indiana cause of action involved the same parties as the
Illinois action was erroneous; and (2) the Illinois action should not have been dismissed
because it has a "legitimate and substantial connection" to Illinois. We affirm.
The Indiana cause of action was filed by numerous entities, including Kraft,
against numerous insurance companies, including Continental Casualty Company and
American Casualty Company of Reading, Pennsylvania. The cause of action concerns
insurance coverage relating to environmental contamination of property located in
Attica, Indiana. Radio Materials Corporation is not listed as a plaintiff; rather, the
complaint states in its introduction that Kraft is acting as attorney-in-fact and agent of
Radio Materials Corporation. Radio Materials Corporation is not identified with any
further specificity (e.g. it is not referred to as RMC-Nevada or RMC-Indiana).
The Illinois cause of action was filed in the circuit court of Cook County, Illinois.
Plaintiffs' amended complaint for declaratory relief also concerned insurance coverage
for the property located in Attica, Indiana.
Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the Illinois action pursuant to section 2-
619(a)(3) alleging that the Illinois and Indiana actions were the same causes of action
between the same parties. The circuit court granted defendants' motion, without
prejudice. Plaintiffs filed a motion for reconsideration, which the circuit court denied.
2 1-05-3521
Plaintiffs now appeal.
On appeal, plaintiffs first contend the circuit court's determination that the Indiana
cause of action involved the same parties as the Illinois action was erroneous.
Section 2-619 (a)(3) of the Code permits a defendant to seek a dismissal or a
stay when there is another action pending between the same parties for the same
cause. Village of Mapleton v. Cathy's Tap, Inc., 313 Ill. App. 3d 264, 266 (2000). This
does not mean that the parties must be identical in both actions; rather, a substantial
similarity is sufficient. Phillips Electronics, N.V. v. New Hampshire Insurance Co., 295
Ill. App. 3d 895, 904-05 (1998). We also consider the propriety of the circuit court's
order in light of additional factors including: (1) comity; (2) the prevention of multiplicity,
vexation and harassment; (3) the likelihood of obtaining complete relief in a foreign
jurisdiction; and (4) the res judicata effect of a foreign judgment on the local forum.
Village of Mapleton, 313 Ill. App. 3d at 267. "Comity" refers to respecting the laws and
judicial decisions of other jurisdictions out of deference. See May v. SmithKline
Beecham Clinical Laboratiories, Inc., 304 Ill. App. 3d 242, 248 (1999). We review the
circuit court's determination for an abuse of discretion. Village of Mapleton, 313 Ill. App.
3d at 266.
The circuit court found that the Illinois action was "nearly a mirror image" of the
parties and issues involved in the Indiana action. On the issue of comity, the court
found that it should defer to the Indiana court because there was a substantial likelihood
of divergent outcomes. The court also found that continuing with the cause would be
3 1-05-3521
duplicative and dismissal was proper to avoid multiplicity, vexation and harassment.
The court further found that plaintiffs could have their cause fully litigated in Indiana and
obtain relief on its legal and factual defenses and that the judgment would have a res
judicata effect in Illinois.
Here, we find that the circuit court's findings were not an abuse of discretion. All
of the parties in the Illinois action are included within the Indiana action. Although Radio
Materials Corporation is not listed as a defendant in the Indiana action, the complaint
filed in that action makes clear that Kraft is representing Radio Materials Corporation's
interests in the litigation, as its attorney-in-fact and agent. Pursuant to section 2-
619(a)(3) of the Code, the parties need not be identical; rather, they need be
substantially similar. We find that the parties are substantially similar within the
meaning of section 2-619(a)(3).
Turning to the additional factors, we find they weigh in favor of dismissal. As the
circuit court stated, it is possible that principles of comity would be violated if the Illinois
action proceeded because the Illinois court could reach a result inconsistent with the
Indiana court. Allowing the Illinois action to proceed would also result in multiple
litigation, which should be avoided. Plaintiffs will be able to obtain complete relief
through the Indiana court's adjudication of the issues involved. Further, the issues
litigated before the Indiana court would be res judicata in an Illinois court. Having
considered these additional factors as well as the circuit court's analysis of the factors,
we find that the circuit court did not abuse its discretion in dismissing the Illinois action.
4 1-05-3521
We now turn to plaintiff's specific contentions regarding the circuit court's
findings. Plaintiffs contend the court's analysis was "incorrect" and "incomplete"
because neither RMC-Nevada nor RMC-Indiana is a party in the Indiana action and
both parties are necessary parties. Plaintiffs further maintain that because the
relationship between RMC-Nevada and RMC-Indiana is unknown, Kraft is unable to
demonstrate that RMC-Indiana is either the same corporation or a continuation of RMC-
Nevada or that RMC-Indiana has rights under RMC-Nevada's insurance policies.
We find that plaintiffs' contentions have strayed from the issue at hand. The
questions of whether RMC-Nevada and RMC-Indiana are necessary parties, as well as
their legal relationship with one another, should be brought before and addressed by the
Indiana court. Our analysis addresses whether the parties in both actions are
substantially similar. And, we note that the "same parties" element is satisfied where
the litigants' interests are sufficiently identical even though they may differ in name or
number. Cummings v.
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THIRD DIVISION June 14, 2006
No. 1-05-3521
CONTINENTAL CASUALTY COMPANY, an Illinois ) Appeal from the Corporation, and AMERICAN CASUALTY COMPANY ) Circuit Court of OF READING, PENNSYLVANIA, a Pennsylvania ) Cook County Corporation, ) Plaintiffs-Appellants, ) ) v. ) ) No. 04 CH 19092 RADIO MATERIALS CORPORATION, an Indiana ) Corporation, RADIO MATERIALS CORPORATION, a )) Nevada Corporation, and KRAFT FOODS GLOBAL, )) INC. a/k/a Kraft Foods North America, Inc. and Kraft )) Foods, Inc., a Delaware Corporation, Honorable Patrick E. McGann, Judge Defendants-Appellees. Presiding.
JUSTICE KARNEZIS delivered the opinion of the court:
Plaintiffs, Continental Casualty Company and American Casualty Company of
Reading, Pennsylvania, appeal from an order of the circuit court granting the motion of
defendants, Radio Materials Corporation - Nevada (RMC-Nevada), Radio Materials
Corporation - Indiana (RMC-Indiana) and Kraft Foods, to dismiss this cause of action 1-05-3521
pursuant to section 2-619(a)(3) of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2-619(a)(3)
(West 2004)) (Code) on the basis that the same cause of action between the same
parties is pending in an Indiana court. On appeal, plaintiffs contend that: (1) the circuit
court's determination that the Indiana cause of action involved the same parties as the
Illinois action was erroneous; and (2) the Illinois action should not have been dismissed
because it has a "legitimate and substantial connection" to Illinois. We affirm.
The Indiana cause of action was filed by numerous entities, including Kraft,
against numerous insurance companies, including Continental Casualty Company and
American Casualty Company of Reading, Pennsylvania. The cause of action concerns
insurance coverage relating to environmental contamination of property located in
Attica, Indiana. Radio Materials Corporation is not listed as a plaintiff; rather, the
complaint states in its introduction that Kraft is acting as attorney-in-fact and agent of
Radio Materials Corporation. Radio Materials Corporation is not identified with any
further specificity (e.g. it is not referred to as RMC-Nevada or RMC-Indiana).
The Illinois cause of action was filed in the circuit court of Cook County, Illinois.
Plaintiffs' amended complaint for declaratory relief also concerned insurance coverage
for the property located in Attica, Indiana.
Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the Illinois action pursuant to section 2-
619(a)(3) alleging that the Illinois and Indiana actions were the same causes of action
between the same parties. The circuit court granted defendants' motion, without
prejudice. Plaintiffs filed a motion for reconsideration, which the circuit court denied.
2 1-05-3521
Plaintiffs now appeal.
On appeal, plaintiffs first contend the circuit court's determination that the Indiana
cause of action involved the same parties as the Illinois action was erroneous.
Section 2-619 (a)(3) of the Code permits a defendant to seek a dismissal or a
stay when there is another action pending between the same parties for the same
cause. Village of Mapleton v. Cathy's Tap, Inc., 313 Ill. App. 3d 264, 266 (2000). This
does not mean that the parties must be identical in both actions; rather, a substantial
similarity is sufficient. Phillips Electronics, N.V. v. New Hampshire Insurance Co., 295
Ill. App. 3d 895, 904-05 (1998). We also consider the propriety of the circuit court's
order in light of additional factors including: (1) comity; (2) the prevention of multiplicity,
vexation and harassment; (3) the likelihood of obtaining complete relief in a foreign
jurisdiction; and (4) the res judicata effect of a foreign judgment on the local forum.
Village of Mapleton, 313 Ill. App. 3d at 267. "Comity" refers to respecting the laws and
judicial decisions of other jurisdictions out of deference. See May v. SmithKline
Beecham Clinical Laboratiories, Inc., 304 Ill. App. 3d 242, 248 (1999). We review the
circuit court's determination for an abuse of discretion. Village of Mapleton, 313 Ill. App.
3d at 266.
The circuit court found that the Illinois action was "nearly a mirror image" of the
parties and issues involved in the Indiana action. On the issue of comity, the court
found that it should defer to the Indiana court because there was a substantial likelihood
of divergent outcomes. The court also found that continuing with the cause would be
3 1-05-3521
duplicative and dismissal was proper to avoid multiplicity, vexation and harassment.
The court further found that plaintiffs could have their cause fully litigated in Indiana and
obtain relief on its legal and factual defenses and that the judgment would have a res
judicata effect in Illinois.
Here, we find that the circuit court's findings were not an abuse of discretion. All
of the parties in the Illinois action are included within the Indiana action. Although Radio
Materials Corporation is not listed as a defendant in the Indiana action, the complaint
filed in that action makes clear that Kraft is representing Radio Materials Corporation's
interests in the litigation, as its attorney-in-fact and agent. Pursuant to section 2-
619(a)(3) of the Code, the parties need not be identical; rather, they need be
substantially similar. We find that the parties are substantially similar within the
meaning of section 2-619(a)(3).
Turning to the additional factors, we find they weigh in favor of dismissal. As the
circuit court stated, it is possible that principles of comity would be violated if the Illinois
action proceeded because the Illinois court could reach a result inconsistent with the
Indiana court. Allowing the Illinois action to proceed would also result in multiple
litigation, which should be avoided. Plaintiffs will be able to obtain complete relief
through the Indiana court's adjudication of the issues involved. Further, the issues
litigated before the Indiana court would be res judicata in an Illinois court. Having
considered these additional factors as well as the circuit court's analysis of the factors,
we find that the circuit court did not abuse its discretion in dismissing the Illinois action.
4 1-05-3521
We now turn to plaintiff's specific contentions regarding the circuit court's
findings. Plaintiffs contend the court's analysis was "incorrect" and "incomplete"
because neither RMC-Nevada nor RMC-Indiana is a party in the Indiana action and
both parties are necessary parties. Plaintiffs further maintain that because the
relationship between RMC-Nevada and RMC-Indiana is unknown, Kraft is unable to
demonstrate that RMC-Indiana is either the same corporation or a continuation of RMC-
Nevada or that RMC-Indiana has rights under RMC-Nevada's insurance policies.
We find that plaintiffs' contentions have strayed from the issue at hand. The
questions of whether RMC-Nevada and RMC-Indiana are necessary parties, as well as
their legal relationship with one another, should be brought before and addressed by the
Indiana court. Our analysis addresses whether the parties in both actions are
substantially similar. And, we note that the "same parties" element is satisfied where
the litigants' interests are sufficiently identical even though they may differ in name or
number. Cummings v. Iron Hustler Corp., 118 Ill. App. 3d 327, 333 (1983).
Lastly, plaintiffs contend that even if the "same parties" factor was satisfied, the
circuit court should have permitted the action to proceed because of Illinois's "legitimate
and substantial" connection to the parties and their dispute. Plaintiffs argue that the
circuit court applied an erroneous standard in its analysis, believing that it had to
dismiss the Illinois cause because it did not find that Illinois had any greater interest in
the litigation than did Indiana. Plaintiffs refer to the portion of the circuit court's opinion
that stated:
5 1-05-3521
"And although there is a relationship between Illinois and this dispute, the
Court finds it very difficult to suggest that there is any more substantial
relationship than Indiana has with this dispute. Illinois' relationship in that
context is not more substantial than that of Indiana."
Plaintiffs primarily rely on our supreme court's opinion in A.E. Staley
Manufacturing Co. v. Swift & Co., 84 Ill. 2d 245 (1980). In Staley, the circuit court had
concluded that it was required to dismiss the plaintiff's cause of action because a similar
cause of action had been previously filed in another state. The circuit court believed it
had no discretion and that dismissal was mandatory. The supreme court held that
dismissal of a cause is not always mandated when there are two pending actions
between the same parties for the same cause. The supreme court found that because
the cause had a legitimate and substantial relation to Illinois, the circuit court erred in
dismissing the cause.
Plaintiffs ask this court to find that the litigation has a legitimate and substantial
relation to Illinois because the insurance policies were allegedly issued by Illinois based
insurers (Continental Casualty and American Casualty) to an Illinois-based insured
(RMC-Nevada) through an Illinois broker. Additionally, Kraft, one of the plaintiffs, has its
principal place of business in Illinois.
Defendants, on the other hand, contend that merely because some Illinois courts
have permitted cases with a legitimate and substantial relation to Illinois to proceed
despite a previously filed case does not mean that it is an abuse of discretion for a court
6 1-05-3521
not to do so.
Here, we do not believe the circuit court applied an erroneous standard in its
analysis. We disagree with the conclusion that plaintiffs have attributed to the court's
statement. We do not interpret the court's statement as indicating the court's belief that,
unless it found that Illinois had a more substantial interest in the litigation than did
Indiana, it must dismiss the action. The circuit court's order, taken as a whole, makes
clear that it weighed the appropriate factors in reaching its conclusion to dismiss the
Illinois cause. Simply because this cause does have some connection with Illinois does
not mean that it was an abuse of discretion for the circuit court to dismiss it in favor of
the previously filed Indiana cause. We find that the circuit court's determination was not
an abuse of discretion.
Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court.
Affirmed.
HOFFMAN and ERICKSON, J.J., concur.