Connor L. v. SSA Commissioner, et al.

• Court: District Court, N.D. California
• Decided: January 9, 2026
• Docket: 3:25-cv-06366
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 2 3 4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 6 7 CONNOR L., Case No. 3:25-cv-06366-JSC

8 Plaintiff, ORDER RE: SOCIAL SECURITY 9 v. APPEAL

10 SSA COMMISSIONER, et al., Re: Dkt. Nos. 11, 12 Defendants. 11

12 13 Plaintiff seeks social security benefits for a combination of mental impairments including: 14 anxiety, Asperger syndrome, autism, and depression. (Administrative Record (“AR”) 833.) 15 Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), Plaintiff filed this lawsuit for judicial review of the final decision 16 by the Commissioner of Social Security denying his benefits claim. After careful consideration of 17 the parties’ briefing, the Court concludes oral argument is unnecessary, see N.D. Cal. Civ. L.R. 7- 18 1(b), and REVERSES the Commissioner’s decision and REMANDS for further proceedings, as 19 explained below. 20 BACKGROUND 21 A. Procedural History 22 Pursuant to the Social Security Act, on July 31, 2020, Plaintiff filed an application for 23 supplemental security income alleging a disability onset date of June 28, 2000 (birth). (AR 46, 24 798.) Plaintiff’s application was denied initially and on reconsideration. (AR 664-709.) Plaintiff 25 submitted a request for a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ). (AR 736, 750.) A 26 hearing was held on February 1, 2022, where Plaintiff, who was representing himself, his mother, 27 and a vocational expert testified. (AR 612-663.) On May 25, 2022, the ALJ issued an 1 Act. (AR 46-54.) 2 Nearly two years later, Plaintiff, through counsel, submitted a letter to the Appeals Council 3 stating his disability had precluded him from submitting a timely request for review and the 4 Appeals Council granted his request for more time. (AR 10-12.) Plaintiff thereafter submitted a 5 request for review which the Appeals Council denied. (AR 1-3.) Plaintiff then filed the underlying 6 action. In accordance with Civil Local Rule 16-5, the parties filed cross briefs on appeal. (Dkt. 7 Nos. 11, 12.1) 8 B. Issues for Review 9 1. Whether the ALJ’s step three finding that Plaintiff did not meet listing 12.10 is 10 supported by substantial evidence? 11 2. Whether the ALJ erred in evaluating Plaintiff’s subjective symptom testimony? 12 3. Whether the Appeals Council erred in their consideration of the additional evidence 13 presented? 14 LEGAL STANDARD 15 A claimant is considered “disabled” under the Act if he meets two requirements. See 42 16 U.S.C. § 423(d); Tackett v. Apfel, 180 F.3d 1094, 1098 (9th Cir. 1999). First, the claimant must 17 demonstrate “an inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically 18 determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has 19 lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months.” 42 U.S.C. § 20 423(d)(1)(A). Second, the impairment or impairments must be severe enough he is unable to do 21 his previous work and cannot, based on his age, education, and work experience, “engage in any 22 other kind of substantial gainful work which exists in the national economy.” Id. § 423(d)(2)(A). 23 To determine whether a claimant is disabled, an ALJ is required to employ a five-step sequential 24 analysis, examining: (1) whether the claimant is engaging in “substantial gainful activity”; (2) 25 whether the claimant has a “severe medically determinable physical or mental impairment” or 26 combination of impairments that has lasted for more than 12 months; (3) whether the impairment 27 1 “meets or equals” one of the listings in the regulations; (4) whether, given the claimant’s RFC, he 2 can still do his “past relevant work”; and (5) whether the claimant “can make an adjustment to 3 other work.” Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1110 (9th Cir. 2012), superseded by regulation on 4 other grounds; see 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a). 5 DISCUSSION 6 A. Step Three Findings as to Listing 12.10 7 The Social Security Administration has supplemented the five-step general disability 8 evaluation process with a specific procedure governing the evaluation of mental impairments. See 9 generally 20 C.F.R. § 416.920a. First, the ALJ must determine whether the claimant has a 10 medically determinable mental impairment. Id. § 416.920a(b)(1). Next, the ALJ must assess the 11 degree of functional limitation resulting from the claimant’s mental impairment with respect to the 12 following functional areas: (1) understand, remember, or apply information; (2) interact with 13 others; (3) concentrate, persist, or maintain pace; and (4) adapt or manage oneself. Id. §§ 14 416.920a(b)(2), (c)(3). The ALJ must evaluate these four areas on a five-point scale: none, mild, 15 moderate, marked, or extreme. Id. § 416.920a(c)(4). Finally, the ALJ must determine the severity 16 of the claimant’s mental impairment and whether that severity meets or equals the severity of a 17 mental impairment listed in 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1. Id. § 416.920a(d)(2). In 18 order to meet the severity of any listed impairment, the claimant must satisfy the “Paragraph B 19 criteria,” which requires that a claimant’s mental disorder “result in ‘extreme’ limitation of one, or 20 ‘marked’ limitation of two, of the four areas of mental functioning.” 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt. P, 21 App’x 1, Listing 12.00(A)(2)(b). If the ALJ determines that the severity of the claimant’s mental 22 impairment meets or equals the severity of a listed mental impairment, the claimant is disabled. 23 See 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4)(iii). Otherwise, the evaluation proceeds to step four of the general 24 disability inquiry, where the ALJ must determine the Plaintiff’s mental RFC. See id. § 25 416.920a(d)(3); Social Security Ruling 96-8p, 1996 WL 374184, at *4 (S.S.A. 1996). 26 The ALJ followed this procedure. First, the ALJ found Plaintiff had severe mental 27 impairments of autism spectrum disorder, Asperger’s syndrome, anxiety disorder, and depression. 1 remembering, or applying information; (2) interacting with others; (3) concentrating, persisting, or 2 maintaining pace; and (4) adapting or managing oneself. (AR 49.) The ALJ found that Plaintiff 3 had a mild or moderate limitation in each category. (AR 49.) Because the ALJ did not find 4 extreme limitations in any of these categories or marked limitations in two of these categories, the 5 ALJ concluded that the “paragraph B” criteria was not satisfied and therefore Plaintiff did not 6 have a mental impairment that meets or equals in severity any listed impairment. (AR 50.) The 7 ALJ then assessed Plaintiff’s RFC. (AR 50.) 8 Plaintiff insists the ALJ’s findings as to Plaintiff’s functional limitations were conclusory 9 and substantial evidence does not support the ALJ’s determination that Plaintiff did not meet 10 Listing 12.10 for autism spectrum disorders. 11 As to the first category of functional limitations—understanding, remembering, or 12 applying information—the ALJ found Plaintiff had mild limitations because he testified he was 13 able to graduate high school and “[t]here was no indication he had any issues in this area while 14 working at Walmart.” (AR 49 (citing Exhibit 28E (AR 944)).) The exhibit cited by the ALJ, 15 however, is a letter Plaintiff’s mother submitted in March 2022 (a month after Plaintiff’s hearing 16 before the ALJ) stating he had left his job at Walmart following “constant challenges in the 17 stocking room leading to him having panic attacks and flustered walkouts, twice,” and despite 18 efforts to reasonably accommodate him by moving him to a door greeter position which he also 19 found too overwhelming. (AR 944.) The ALJ’s reliance on Plaintiff’s ability to graduate high 20 school is equally problematic as the ALJ does not acknowledge Plaintiff did so with special 21 accommodations. (AR 302 (1/18-17 IEP stating Plaintiff requires extended time to complete 22 assignments, needs daily reminders related to behavioral issues, needs to work in a quiet/small 23 group setting); AR 1006 (1/11/19 IEP listing same accommodations); AR 966, 973 (1/10/19 24 Fortuna High School Special Education report stating Plaintiff scored in the “lower extreme,” 25 “very low,” or below average on attention/concentration tests); AR 667 (noting Plaintiff’s IEP 26 states 73 percent of his classes are in the regular classroom.) 27 As to the second category of functional limitations—interacting with others—the ALJ 1 reported “he gets along ‘good’ with authority figures,” and “did not have problems getting along 2 with family, friends, or others.” (AR 49.) The ALJ also noted Plaintiff “testified he had some 3 issues with co-workers at Walmart” and “said he heard voices of past friends in his head,” but the 4 ALJ provided no analysis of either what the issues were that Plaintiff had with coworkers or how 5 hearing voices in his head might impact his ability to interact with others. (AR 49.) 6 For the third category of functional limitations—concentrating, persisting, or maintaining 7 pace—the ALJ assessed Plaintiff as having moderate limitations citing Plaintiff’s mother’s 8 testimony regarding his need for “strong coaching and supervision” and his own testimony 9 regarding difficulty focusing and his depression. (AR 49.) While the ALJ again noted Plaintiff’s 10 testimony regarding hearing voices, there was no analysis as to how the voices, depression, and 11 difficulty focusing might impact his ability to concentrate, persist, or maintain pace. (AR 49.) 12 Finally, the ALJ found Plaintiff had mild limitations in his ability to adapt and manage 13 himself relying again on the fact he graduated high school, and because he took the bus home from 14 work, took care of his dogs, played video games, did archery, and watched television. (AR 49.) 15 In a non sequitur, the ALJ stated “[h]e was able to work at Walmart even though he recently quit, 16 due to being overwhelmed” again citing the letter from Plaintiff’s mother. (AR 49 (citing (Exhibit 17 28E)).) Again, the ALJ did not engage in any discussion or analysis of the rationale behind 18 assigning Plaintiff mild functional limitation in the ability to adapt and manage himself given 19 Plaintiff had just quit his job after panic attacks and feeling overwhelmed despite Walmart having 20 provided a reasonable accommodation and moved him to different job. 21 The ALJ’s findings are not supported by substantial evidence. While the ALJ “need not 22 discuss all evidence presented to her[], she must explain why significant probative evidence has 23 been rejected.” Vincent v. Heckler, 739 F.2d 1393, 1394–95 (9th Cir. 1984) (cleaned up). In 24 particular, the ALJ must provide “‘an adequate statement’ of the ‘foundations on which the 25 ultimate factual conclusions are based’” when concluding that a claimant’s condition does not 26 meet or equal a listing. Delacruz v. Berryhill, 2019 WL 2644235, at *7 (N.D. Cal. June 27, 2019) 27 (quoting Gonzalez v. Sullivan, 914 F.3d 1197, 1201 (9th Cir. 1990)). The ALJ’s failure to do so 1 here was in error.2 2 B. Subjective Symptom Testimony 3 The Ninth Circuit has “established a two-step analysis for determining the extent to which 4 a claimant’s symptom testimony must be credited.” Trevizo v. Berryhill, 871 F.3d 664, 678 (9th 5 Cir. 2017). “First, the ALJ must determine whether the claimant has presented objective medical 6 evidence of an underlying impairment which could reasonably be expected to produce the pain or 7 other symptoms alleged.” Id. “Second, if the claimant meets this first test, and there is no evidence 8 of malingering, the ALJ can reject the claimant’s testimony about the severity of her symptoms 9 only by offering specific, clear and convincing reasons for doing so.” Lingenfelter v. Astrue, 504 10 F.3d 1028, 1036 (9th Cir. 2007) (cleaned up). If the ALJ’s assessment “is supported by substantial 11 evidence in the record, [courts] may not engage in second-guessing.” Thomas v. Barnhart, 278 12 F.3d 947, 959 (9th Cir. 2002) (cleaned up). 13 Applying the two-step analysis, the ALJ first determined Plaintiff’s “medically 14 determinable impairments could reasonably be expected to cause the alleged symptoms.” (AR 52.) 15 Because Plaintiff met the first part of the test, the ALJ was required to provide “specific, clear and 16 convincing reasons” for rejecting Plaintiff’s testimony regarding the severity of his symptoms, or 17 else find evidence of malingering. See Lingenfelter, 504 F.3d at 1036. The ALJ did not find 18 evidence of malingering, but found Plaintiff’s “statements concerning the intensity, persistence 19 and limiting effects of [his] symptoms are not entirely consistent with the medical evidence and 20 other evidence in the record for the reasons explained in this decision.” (AR 52.) The ALJ 21 elaborated on this conclusion stating: 22 2 The Court does not address Plaintiff’s additional argument that the ALJ erred in failing to 23 discuss the Paragraph A criteria. Because the ALJ found the Paragraph B criteria was not satisfied, it was unnecessary to consider the Paragraph A criteria. See Jackson v. Comm’r of Soc. 24 Sec., No. 1:21-CV-00270-SAB, 2022 WL 3108763, at *6 (E.D. Cal. Aug. 4, 2022) (noting because “the Plaintiff must satisfy both the Paragraph A and Paragraph B criteria” there was no 25 error in failing to discuss the Paragraph A criteria as “the Paragraph B criteria was not met.” (citing 20 C.F.R. § Pt. 404, Subpt. P, App. 1; Sullivan v. Zebley, 493 U.S. 521, 530 (1990) (“For a 26 claimant to show that his impairment matches a listing, it must meet all of the specified medical criteria”)). 27 1 As for the claimant’s statements about the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of his or her symptoms, they are inconsistent because 2 notes stated the claimant was noncompliant with medication, and has improved in the past when compliant with medication (Exhibit 3 7F/15). He reported that when he is doing a chore at home for an extended period of time his anxiety increases but if he works outside 4 of the house, the anxiety never shows (Exhibit 8E/9). 5 (AR 52.) The ALJ’s conclusion is not supported by substantial evidence. 6 First, the exhibit the ALJ cited in support of the conclusion Plaintiff was “noncompliant 7 with medication, and has improved in the past when compliant with medication” does not support 8 this statement. (AR 52.) The treatment note actually states “[a] little better with Lexpro, but not 9 well” and recommends increasing the dose of Lexpro. (AR 1125.) The note says nothing about 10 noncompliance and to the extent it suggests improvement it also states Plaintiff is “not well.” (AR 11 1125.) While the preceding page states “family confused about what he has been taking” (AR 12 1124), the Ninth Circuit has repeatedly cautioned against “punish[ing] mentally ill for 13 occasionally going off their medication when the record affords compelling reason to view such 14 departures from prescribed treatment as part of claimants’ underlying mental afflictions.” 15 Garrison v. Colvin, 759 F.3d 995, 1018, n.24 (9th Cir. 2014). Even assuming the record 16 supported a finding of noncompliance, the ALJ failed to consider whether Plaintiff’s mental 17 impairments might have impacted his ability to maintain medication compliance. To the extent, 18 the Commissioner offers other citations to the record to explain the ALJ’s rationale (Dkt. No. 12 at 19 8), the Court cannot consider these post hoc rationalizations not offered by the ALJ. See Bray v. 20 Commissioner of Social Security Admin., 554 F.3d 1219, 1225 (9th Cir. 2009) (“[l]ong-standing 21 principles of administrative law require us to review the ALJ’s decision based on the reasoning 22 and factual findings offered by the ALJ—not post hoc rationalizations that attempt to intuit what 23 the adjudicator may have been thinking.”). 24 Second, the ALJ’s reliance on Plaintiff’s statement in his functional capacity report stating 25 his anxiety comes up less when he is working outside the house ignores the statement on the 26 preceding page that he does not handle stress or changes in routine “very good” and he 27 experiences “anxiety, unexplainable voices, also images of people that he knows he shouldn’t be 1 discussion of Plaintiff’s functional capacity limitations, the ALJ did not discuss the special 2 education services Plaintiff received and instead just noted he was a “high school graduate and his 3 grades ranged from As to Cs.” (AR 50.) Even more perplexing, the ALJ discussed Plaintiff’s 4 work at Walmart as if he was still employed despite his having left the job after only a few months 5 because of anxiety and feeling overwhelmed. (AR 50 (“he started working at Walmart a month 6 and a half ago and he works 40 hours a week for $17 an hour. He applied online. He said he stocks 7 shelves. He said he has a couple of issues with co-workers but is planning on continuing 8 working.”).) The ALJ cannot cherry pick the evidence which supports his finding while ignoring 9 other contradictory evidence. See Ghanim v. Colvin, 763 F.3d 1154, 1164 (9th Cir. 2014) (finding 10 error when the ALJ’s decision did not account for the record “as a whole,” but rather relied on 11 “cherry picked” evidence); Williams v. Colvin, No. 14-cv-2146-PLA, 2015 WL 4507174, at *6 12 (C.D. Cal. July 23, 2015) (cleaned up) (“An ALJ may not cherry-pick evidence to support the 13 conclusion that a claimant is not disabled, but must consider the evidence as a whole in making a 14 reasoned disability determination.”). 15 In sum, the ALJ’s rejection of Plaintiff’s subjective symptom testimony does not satisfy 16 the “demanding” “clear and convincing standard.” Garrison, 759 F.3d at 1013. 17 C. Harmless Error 18 Because the ALJ’s step three findings and consideration of Plaintiff’s subjective symptom 19 testimony are not supported by substantial evidence, the ALJ’s decision cannot stand. The Court 20 thus need not reach Plaintiff’s arguments as to the Appeals Council’s failure to consider the newly 21 submitted evidence. See Hiler v. Astrue, 687 F.3d 1208, 1212 (9th Cir. 2012) (“Because we 22 remand the case to the ALJ for the reasons stated, we decline to reach [plaintiff’s] alternative 23 ground for remand.”). The ALJ’s errors here go to the heart of the disability determination and are 24 not harmless. “[A] reviewing court cannot consider the error harmless unless it can confidently 25 conclude that no reasonable ALJ, when fully crediting the testimony, could have reached a 26 different disability determination.” Stout v. Comm’r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 454 F.3d 1050, 1056 (9th 27 Cir. 2006). Had the ALJ not erred at step three and in rejecting Plaintiff’s subjective symptom 1 REC. See id. 2 D. Remand 3 Plaintiff asks the Court to remand the case for the payment of benefits or alternatively, for 4 || further proceedings. (Dkt. No. 11 at 15.) When reversing an ALJ’s decision, “the proper course, 5 except in rare circumstances, is to remand to the agency for additional investigation or 6 explanation.” Benecke v. Barnhart, 379 F.3d 587, 595 (9th Cir. 2004); see also Revels v. Berryhill, 7 874 F.3d 648, 668 (9th Cir. 2017) (discussing credit-as-true standard as it applies to remand for an 8 award of benefits). As Plaintiff makes no argument the credit-as-true standard is met here, remand 9 || for further proceedings is proper so the ALJ can fully consider Plaintiff’s subjective symptom 10 || testimony and engage in the step three analysis. 11 CONCLUSION 12 For the reasons stated above, the Court REVERSES the ALJ’s decision and REMANDS 13 for further proceedings consistent with this Order. 14 This Order disposes of Docket Nos. 11, 12.

a 16 IT IS SO ORDERED.

17 Dated: January 9, 2026

19 ne JAGQUELINE SCOTT CORL 20 United States District Judge 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28