Commonwealth v. Rivera

154 A.3d 370, 2017 Pa. Super. 14, 2017 Pa. Super. LEXIS 39
CourtSuperior Court of Pennsylvania
DecidedJanuary 18, 2017
DocketNo. 1423 EDA 2015
StatusPublished
Cited by54 cases

This text of 154 A.3d 370 (Commonwealth v. Rivera) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Superior Court of Pennsylvania primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Commonwealth v. Rivera, 154 A.3d 370, 2017 Pa. Super. 14, 2017 Pa. Super. LEXIS 39 (Pa. Ct. App. 2017).

Opinions

OPINION BY

OTT, J.:

The Commonwealth appeals from the order entered May 8, 2015, in the Chester County Court of Common Pleas granting Andre Rivera’s petition for collateral relief filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”),1 and reinstating Rivera’s post-sentence motion and direct appeal rights nunc pro tunc, Rivera sought relief from the judgment of sentence of an aggregate term of four and one-half to nine years’ imprisonment imposed on January 23, 2014, following his negotiated guilty plea to three counts of possession with intent to deliver (“PWID”) heroin and one count of possession of marijuana.2 On appeal, the Commonwealth contends the PCRA court erred in reinstating Rivera’s post-sentence and direct appeal rights based upon trial counsel’s failure to consult with Rivera as to whether or not he wished to file a direct appeal. For the reasons below, we affirm.

The relevant facts and procedural history underlying this appeal are as follows. At Docket No. 1917-2013, Rivera was charged with three counts each of PWID (heroin), possession of heroin, possession of drug paraphernalia, and criminal use of a communication facility,3 after he sold heroin to a confidential informant on three occasions in August and October of 2012. The last controlled buy was for 2.1 grams of heroin. At Docket No. 1918-2013, Rivera was charged with one count each of PWID (marijuana), possession of marijuana and possession of drug paraphernalia, when he was searched incident to arrest, on March 3, 2013, for the crimes at Docket No. 1917-2013.

On January 23, 2014, Rivera entered a negotiated guilty in both cases. At Docket No. 1917-2013, he pled guilty to three counts of PWID (heroin), and, at Docket No. 1918-2013, he pled guilty to one count of possession of marijuana. In accordance with the terms of the negotiated agreement, the trial court imposed the following sentence. At Docket No. 1917-2013, the court sentenced Rivera to: (1) a mandatory minimum term of three to six years’ [373]*373imprisonment for the charge of PWID of 2.1 grams of heroin pursuant to 18 Pa.C.S. § 7508(a)(7)(i)(2);4 a consecutive term of 18 to 36 months’ imprisonment for a second count of PWID, and (3) a concurrent term of 18 to 36 months’ imprisonment for the third count of PWID. At Docket No. 1918-2013, the court imposed a concurrent term of 12 months’ probation for possession of marijuana. Accordingly, the aggregate sentence imposed was a term of four and one-half to nine years’ imprisonment. No post-sentence motion or direct appeal was filed.

On November 18, 2014, Rivera wrote a letter to the trial court expressing his desire to appeal his sentence. See Letter, 11/18/2014. The court treated Rivera’s letter as a timely-filed PCRA petition, and entered an order appointing counsel to represent him. Nonetheless, on December 10, 2014, Rivera filed a pro se petition, asserting his mandatory minimum sentence was illegal pursuant to Alleyne v. United States, — U.S. -, 133 S.Ct. 2151, 186 L.Ed.2d 314 (U.S. 2013),5 and plea counsel was ineffective for advising him to enter a guilty plea and for failing to file a direct appeal. Thereafter, on January 30, 2015, appointed counsel filed a petition to withdraw and accompanying Turner/Finley6 “no merit” letter. Counsel asserted Alleyne was inapplicable because Rivera entered a guilty plea and admitted the facts that enhanced his sentence. See “No Merit” Letter, 1/20/2015, at 2. Nevertheless, the PCRA court scheduled an evi-dentiary hearing, limited to the following issue:

[Wjhether plea counsel was ineffective for allegedly advising [Rivera] to plead guilty to facts permitting the imposition of a mandatory minimum in order to avoid the potential for more mandatory mínimums that may not have been constitutional to impose under Alleyne ... in the absence of admitted facts, i.e., in the event [Rivera] exercised his right to a jury or bench trial instead of tendering a plea.

Order, 2/11/2015. Thereafter, on February 17, 2015, Rivera filed a pro se objection to counsel’s “no merit” letter, again claiming plea counsel was ineffective for “advising [him] to plead to an unlawful mandatory minimum sentence” in light of Alleyne, and for failing to file a direct appeal. See Objections to No-Merit Letter, 2/17/2015, at 1. In response, the PCRA court entered an order on February 19, 2015, directing, in relevant part: “[I]n addition to the issue specified in our previous Order dated Feb[374]*374ruary 11, 2015, the parties shall also litigate at the scheduled [PCRA] hearing the issue of whether plea counsel was ineffective for failing to file a direct appeal on behalf of [Rivera].” Order, 2/19/2015.

The PCRA court conducted an eviden-tiary hearing on April 15, 2015. Thereafter, on May 7, 2015, the court entered an order granting Rivera PCRA relief. Specifically, the court found plea counsel was ineffective for failing to consult, sua sponte, with Rivera regarding whether he wished to file a direct appeal. See Order 5/7/2015, at n.l. Accordingly, the PCRA court reinstated Rivera’s post-sentence and direct appeal rights nunc pro tunc. The court explained it reinstated Rivera’s post-sentence rights because of “the nature of the non-frivolous issue that [Rivera] raises and the fact that [Rivera’s] sentence was the product of a negotiated plea[.]” Order, 5/7/2015 at n.l. This timely Commonwealth appeal followed.7

The Commonwealth frames the issue on review as follows:

Whether the [PCRA] court erred in granting [Rivera’s] PCRA petition by reinstating the right to file a post-sentence motion and direct appeal nunc pro tunc where [Rivera] pled guilty and received an agreed upon sentence?

Commonwealth’s Brief at 5.

THE PCRA COURT’S DECISION:

Before we address the Commonwealth’s argument, by way of background, we must first summarize the PCRA court’s findings with inspect to all of the claims raised in Rivera’s petition. First, the court concluded Rivera failed to establish plea counsel was ineffective for advising him to enter a guilty plea that included a Section 7508 mandatory minimum sentence. PCRA Court Opinion, 6/23/2015, at 7. Despite the fact the AUeyne decision had been filed seven months earlier, plea counsel testified at the evidentiary hearing it was her understanding AUeyne “didn’t apply” since the “state of the law in Pennsylvania at the time [Rivera entered his plea] was that the mandatory mínimums were still in effect.” N.T., 4/15/2015, at 33-34. Likewise, the PCRA court explained:

[A]t the time [Rivera] was sentenced on January 23, 2014 and throughout the period available to him to seek direct review, no appellate court had yet declared 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 7508 unconstitutional in its entirety and incapable of severance; thus, pleading to a mandatory sentence under that section was still a viable option in this Commonwealth.

PCRA Court Opinion, 6/23/2015, at 7.

The PCRA court also emphasized the benefit Rivera received by accepting the plea agreement. In exchange for his guilty plea to three counts of PWID and one count of possession of marijuana, the Commonwealth withdrew eleven other charges. See id. at 7.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
154 A.3d 370, 2017 Pa. Super. 14, 2017 Pa. Super. LEXIS 39, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/commonwealth-v-rivera-pasuperct-2017.