Commonwealth v. Martinez

4 N. Mar. I. 18, 1993 N. Mar. I. LEXIS 3
CourtSupreme Court of The Commonwealth of The Northern Mariana Islands
DecidedJuly 26, 1993
DocketAppeal No. 93-034; Traffic Case No. 93-0638
StatusPublished

This text of 4 N. Mar. I. 18 (Commonwealth v. Martinez) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of The Commonwealth of The Northern Mariana Islands primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Commonwealth v. Martinez, 4 N. Mar. I. 18, 1993 N. Mar. I. LEXIS 3 (N.M. 1993).

Opinion

PER CURIAM:

The plaintiff/appellee, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (“government”), moves for review by the full panel of the July 7, 1993, single-justice order staying the defendant/appellant’s sentence pending appeal. For the reasons noted below, we affirm the stay granted.

BACKGROUND

On June 25, 1993, the trial court sentenced Martinez to ten days imprisonment. Martinez moved, at the sentencing hearing, for a stay of the sentence pending appeal. The court summarily denied the motion without setting forth the reasons for the denial.

On June 28, 1993, Martinez appealed the judgment and sentence, and filed an emergency motion with this Court for stay of the judgment and sentence pending appeal. He served the government notice of the motion for stay and a copy of the motion the same day. This triggered the seven-day period for filing a response, under Com. R. App. P. 27(a).

On June 30, 1993, a single justice issued an order permitting Martinez to supplement his motion for purposes of Com. R. App. P. 9(c), which requires the movant to set forth the substantial question of law or fact likely to result in reversal or in an order for a new trial. The order did not grant the government any corresponding extension of time to file a response to the motion for stay.

On July 1, 1993, Martinez filed a supplemental memorandum in support of a stay. He noted some of the issues to be raised on appeal and argued that the appeal is not being taken for the purpose of delay and that the appeal raises substantial questions of law likely to result in reversal of the conviction or in an order for a new trial. He also noted that he need not disclose all of the grounds he intends to raise on appeal and that he intends to raise two other issues after he has reviewed the trial transcript. He characterized the motion for stay as a “routine motion.”

Nine days after the government was served with the motion and a day after the government’s time to respond had expired,1 without any response having been filed, the stay now being reviewed was entered. About an hour later, the government filed a written opposition to the motion for stay.

On July 8, 1993, the government moved for review by the full panel and to dissolve the stay granted.

DISCUSSION

I. Martinez’ Motion for Stay Pending Appeal

Com. R. App. P. 9(c) provides the criteria for determining whether to issue a stay of sentence pending appeal. The “[djefendant has the burden of establishing that he will not flee or pose a danger to any other person or to the community and that the appeal is not for purpose of delay and raises a substantial question of law or fact likely to result in reversal or in an order for a new trial.”

We disagree with Martinez that, because his motion for a stay is based on Com. R. App. P. 8(c), Com. R. App. P. 9(c) is not implicated. We turn to counterpart federal rules for guidance on this question. Govendo v. Micronesian Garment Mfg., Inc., 2 N.M.I. 270 (1991). Fed. R. App. P. 8(c) provides that stays in criminal cases shall be had in accordance with Fed. R. Crim. P. 38(a). Fed. R. Crim. P. 38(a), in turn, provides that a sentence of imprisonment is to be stayed if the defendant is released pending appeal pursuant to Fed. R. App. P. 9(b). Com. R. App. P. 9(b) is patterned after Fed. R. App. P. 9(b) and sets forth the criteria for release of defendants pending appeal. If eligible for release pending appeal, a stay of sentence is proper.

Based on the record before us and the argument of counsel,2 it is clear that the parties strongly differ on the question of whether the appeal raises substantial questions of law or fact likely to result in reversal or in an order for a new trial. When the single justice stay was granted, this factor appeared undisputed since the government had not filed a response. The stay was issued based only on Martinez’ motion and supporting documents.3 With the filing of the government’s [21]*21opposition, this factor becomes pivotal. Although Martinez’ argument in favor of a stay appear to have weakened somewhat in the light of the government’s opposing contention,4 we are still not persuaded that Martinez’ contentions are totally without merit. Furthermore, we consider, sua sponte, a matter which, although not directly argued, we believe Martinez is suggesting in his memorandum. That factor is the possibility of mootness if a stay is not granted.

We are presented with an unusual circumstance. The sentence is so brief that, assuming a stay is not granted, the sentence would have been served and any issue raised with respect to the sentence would become moot by the time Martinez’ appeal is decided. By not granting a stay, Martinez’ appeal would be rendered moot since he would have served his sentence before his appeal is decided. Cf., e.g., United States v. Moore, 783 F. Supp. 317 (S.D. Tex. 1992); Republican State Cent. Comm. of Ariz. v. Ripon Soc’y, 409 U.S. 1222, 93 S. Ct. 1475, 34 L. Ed. 2d 717 (1972) (staying portion of injunction to preserve for appeal).

The issue of mootness if a stay is not granted pending appeal is one which the court may weigh in to the factors considered under Com. R. App. P. 9(c), and may tip the balance in favor of a stay, especially where the likelihood of success on appeal is strongly disputed.5 Cf., e.g., Moore, 783 F. Supp. at 318-19; Ripon Soc’y, 409 U.S. at 1227, 93 S. Ct. at 1478, 34 L. Ed. 2d at 721 (court weighs factors); Barnes v. E-Systems, Inc. Group Hosp. Ins. Plan, 501 U.S. 1301, 112 S. Ct. 1, 115 L. Ed. 2d 1087 (1991) (equitable consideration of relative harms to parties considered and may outweigh satisfaction of normal requisites for stays pending application for certiorari). But see Corsetti v. Massachusetts, 458 U.S. 1306, 1307, 103 S. Ct. 3, 4, 73 L. Ed. 2d 1391, 1392-93 (1982) (in denying stay for short-term incarceration, single justice considers relative harms to parties and weighs against likelihood of success).

In view of the threat of harm to Martinez that may render his appeal moot, we believe that he should be given the time to formulate and pursue any additional issues on appeal evinced by the transcript or tapes of the proceedings. Cf. Moore, 783 F. Supp. at 318-19.6 We find that any burden imposed on the government by granting a stay is outweighed by those that Martinez would suffer if the stay granted is not continued.

II. Procedure for Moving for Stay Pending Appeal

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Related

Corsetti v. Massachusetts
458 U.S. 1306 (Supreme Court, 1982)
United States v. Moore
783 F. Supp. 317 (S.D. Texas, 1992)

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Bluebook (online)
4 N. Mar. I. 18, 1993 N. Mar. I. LEXIS 3, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/commonwealth-v-martinez-nmariana-1993.