FILED Oct 10 2024, 9:12 am
CLERK Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals and Tax Court
IN THE
Court of Appeals of Indiana In the Matter of the Civil Commitment of: F.L., Appellant-Respondent
v.
Community Fairbanks Behavioral Health, Appellee-Petitioner
October 10, 2024 Court of Appeals Case No. 24A-MH-2216 Appeal from the Marion Superior Court The Honorable Mary Beth Bonaventura, Senior Judge The Honorable David J. Certo, Judge Trial Court Cause No. 49D08-2408-MH-39855
Opinion by Judge Mathias
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 24A-MH-2216 | October 10, 2024 Page 1 of 7 Judge Foley and Senior Judge Robb concur.
Mathias, Judge.
[1] F.L. appeals her involuntary temporary commitment to Community Fairbanks
Behavioral Health (“Community” or “the hospital”) following a hearing in the
Marion Superior Court. F.L. presents a single issue for our review, namely,
whether the hospital presented sufficient evidence to prove that she is gravely
disabled. 1
[2] We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [3] F.L. lives with her adult son on the south side of Indianapolis. On August 28,
2024, she called 9-1-1 because she was experiencing tooth pain and dizziness.
Upon her admission to the hospital, F.L. demonstrated “psychotic symptoms.” 2
Tr. p. 4. On August 29, Dr. Kanwaldeep Sidhu, a psychiatrist, examined F.L.,
who told him that “she was hearing voices and that she has been talking to
aliens. She believes that she’s a hyper-human and has multiple hyper-human
1 On July 16, 2024, our Supreme Court issued an order establishing the Marion County Expedited Mental Health Appeals Pilot Project, whereby the briefing schedule for these time-sensitive appeals has been altered to allow this Court to review temporary commitments when we can still provide meaningful relief to appellants. 2 F.L. was first admitted to Community South hospital, but she was transferred to Community North hospital.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 24A-MH-2216 | October 10, 2024 Page 2 of 7 children.” Id. at 6. F.L. told Dr. Sidhu that “her sleep and appetite had been
declining” and that “she had not been functioning well because of [her]
symptoms.” Id. Dr. Sidhu diagnosed F.L. as having schizoaffective disorder,
bipolar type.
[4] Community sought a temporary commitment order. At the hearing on
Community’s petition, Dr. Sidhu testified that
[F.L.] told me that aliens talked to her about multiple things, about everything she does, they help her braid her hair. And she said in 2019, she heard a voice telling her that she was the chosen one and part of the 144,000. And she also told me that she gets very overwhelmed. When she’s asked too many questions, her mind goes in different directions, which indicates the negative symptoms, poor concentration. And she said she has poor memory, poor concentration, is not able to focus much on very complex tasks. And she also told me that she has not been showering in the hospital, has not been caring for herself. She does some what she called washes and has not changed clothes for several days ever since she’s been in the hospital. So, most people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder have these symptoms. And then plus she has this mood component where mood is euphoric, [and she] has decreased need for sleep. So with those two things together, we call that schizoaffective disorder bipolar type.
Id. at 7.
[5] Dr. Sidhu also testified that F.L. had refused prescribed medications during her
hospital stay. And he testified that, “[w]ith all the confusion and delusions, the
hallucinations, I don’t think she can take care of [her] basic needs. And they’re
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 24A-MH-2216 | October 10, 2024 Page 3 of 7 going to likely impair her further and she’ll end up in the hospital again. With
treatment, I think she does better.” Id. at 8.
[6] During the hearing, the trial court asked questions of F.L., who testified, in
part, as follows:
[The aliens are] using my - oh my God. Well, there’s like a magnetic - number one, OK. Like when they’re having sex with someone, they can - my teeth all of a sudden my teeth clench like this. Like, they’re biting, like, I’m biting a piece of meat and then my feet, they’re like, pressing, like, they’re melting in the ground and it could be someone in the room is primarily the one, the person that’s in front of me. That’s who they’re having sex with and then if I try to move, turn my head, it’s like almost like a magnetic pull. It’s almost like a magnetic pull. Like they’re having sex with another person and it just pulls my head back to another sex. So it might be, it could be like 20 people in the room and they can be having sex with them and it’s through my body. I can feel it. Yes, I can feel it in my vagina too. It’s almost like the sensation I get is like, if you ever had like, a back massage or, I don’t think it’s a back massage. Just those things that you have to put electrode and they’re like, beating on you. Do you know what I’m talking about?
Id. at 27.
[7] At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court found that F.L. was gravely
disabled and granted the temporary commitment for up to ninety days. This
expedited appeal ensued.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 24A-MH-2216 | October 10, 2024 Page 4 of 7 Discussion and Decision [8] F.L. contends that Community did not present sufficient evidence to show that
she was gravely disabled to justify her temporary commitment. When reviewing
the sufficiency of the evidence supporting a civil commitment, we consider only
the probative evidence and reasonable inferences supporting it, without
weighing evidence or assessing witness credibility. Civ. Commitment of T.K. v.
Dep’t of Veterans Affairs, 27 N.E.3d 271, 273 (Ind. 2015). We will affirm if clear
and convincing evidence supports the trial court’s judgment. Id. Clear and
convincing evidence requires proof that the existence of a fact is “highly
probable.” Matter of Commitment of C.N., 116 N.E.3d 544, 547 (Ind. Ct. App.
2019).
[9] Indiana Code section 12-26-2-5(e) provides that a petitioner for a temporary
commitment must prove by clear and convincing evidence that (1) an
individual is mentally ill and either dangerous or gravely disabled and (2)
detention or commitment of that individual is appropriate. An individual is
“gravely disabled” when she has
a condition in which [the] individual, as a result of mental illness, is in danger of coming to harm because the individual: (1) is unable to provide for that individual’s food, clothing, shelter, or other essential human needs; or (2) has a substantial impairment or an obvious deterioration of that individual’s judgment, reasoning, or behavior that results in the individual’s inability to function independently.
I.C. § 12-7-2-96.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 24A-MH-2216 | October 10, 2024 Page 5 of 7 [10] F.L. concedes that she is mentally ill. However, she maintains that she is able to
take care of herself and function independently and is not, therefore, gravely
disabled. But F.L.’s argument amounts to a request that we reweigh the
evidence, which we cannot do on appeal.
[11] Both Dr. Sidhu’s testimony and F.L.’s own testimony showed that F.L. has a
substantial impairment or an obvious deterioration of her judgment, reasoning,
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FILED Oct 10 2024, 9:12 am
CLERK Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals and Tax Court
IN THE
Court of Appeals of Indiana In the Matter of the Civil Commitment of: F.L., Appellant-Respondent
v.
Community Fairbanks Behavioral Health, Appellee-Petitioner
October 10, 2024 Court of Appeals Case No. 24A-MH-2216 Appeal from the Marion Superior Court The Honorable Mary Beth Bonaventura, Senior Judge The Honorable David J. Certo, Judge Trial Court Cause No. 49D08-2408-MH-39855
Opinion by Judge Mathias
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 24A-MH-2216 | October 10, 2024 Page 1 of 7 Judge Foley and Senior Judge Robb concur.
Mathias, Judge.
[1] F.L. appeals her involuntary temporary commitment to Community Fairbanks
Behavioral Health (“Community” or “the hospital”) following a hearing in the
Marion Superior Court. F.L. presents a single issue for our review, namely,
whether the hospital presented sufficient evidence to prove that she is gravely
disabled. 1
[2] We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [3] F.L. lives with her adult son on the south side of Indianapolis. On August 28,
2024, she called 9-1-1 because she was experiencing tooth pain and dizziness.
Upon her admission to the hospital, F.L. demonstrated “psychotic symptoms.” 2
Tr. p. 4. On August 29, Dr. Kanwaldeep Sidhu, a psychiatrist, examined F.L.,
who told him that “she was hearing voices and that she has been talking to
aliens. She believes that she’s a hyper-human and has multiple hyper-human
1 On July 16, 2024, our Supreme Court issued an order establishing the Marion County Expedited Mental Health Appeals Pilot Project, whereby the briefing schedule for these time-sensitive appeals has been altered to allow this Court to review temporary commitments when we can still provide meaningful relief to appellants. 2 F.L. was first admitted to Community South hospital, but she was transferred to Community North hospital.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 24A-MH-2216 | October 10, 2024 Page 2 of 7 children.” Id. at 6. F.L. told Dr. Sidhu that “her sleep and appetite had been
declining” and that “she had not been functioning well because of [her]
symptoms.” Id. Dr. Sidhu diagnosed F.L. as having schizoaffective disorder,
bipolar type.
[4] Community sought a temporary commitment order. At the hearing on
Community’s petition, Dr. Sidhu testified that
[F.L.] told me that aliens talked to her about multiple things, about everything she does, they help her braid her hair. And she said in 2019, she heard a voice telling her that she was the chosen one and part of the 144,000. And she also told me that she gets very overwhelmed. When she’s asked too many questions, her mind goes in different directions, which indicates the negative symptoms, poor concentration. And she said she has poor memory, poor concentration, is not able to focus much on very complex tasks. And she also told me that she has not been showering in the hospital, has not been caring for herself. She does some what she called washes and has not changed clothes for several days ever since she’s been in the hospital. So, most people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder have these symptoms. And then plus she has this mood component where mood is euphoric, [and she] has decreased need for sleep. So with those two things together, we call that schizoaffective disorder bipolar type.
Id. at 7.
[5] Dr. Sidhu also testified that F.L. had refused prescribed medications during her
hospital stay. And he testified that, “[w]ith all the confusion and delusions, the
hallucinations, I don’t think she can take care of [her] basic needs. And they’re
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 24A-MH-2216 | October 10, 2024 Page 3 of 7 going to likely impair her further and she’ll end up in the hospital again. With
treatment, I think she does better.” Id. at 8.
[6] During the hearing, the trial court asked questions of F.L., who testified, in
part, as follows:
[The aliens are] using my - oh my God. Well, there’s like a magnetic - number one, OK. Like when they’re having sex with someone, they can - my teeth all of a sudden my teeth clench like this. Like, they’re biting, like, I’m biting a piece of meat and then my feet, they’re like, pressing, like, they’re melting in the ground and it could be someone in the room is primarily the one, the person that’s in front of me. That’s who they’re having sex with and then if I try to move, turn my head, it’s like almost like a magnetic pull. It’s almost like a magnetic pull. Like they’re having sex with another person and it just pulls my head back to another sex. So it might be, it could be like 20 people in the room and they can be having sex with them and it’s through my body. I can feel it. Yes, I can feel it in my vagina too. It’s almost like the sensation I get is like, if you ever had like, a back massage or, I don’t think it’s a back massage. Just those things that you have to put electrode and they’re like, beating on you. Do you know what I’m talking about?
Id. at 27.
[7] At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court found that F.L. was gravely
disabled and granted the temporary commitment for up to ninety days. This
expedited appeal ensued.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 24A-MH-2216 | October 10, 2024 Page 4 of 7 Discussion and Decision [8] F.L. contends that Community did not present sufficient evidence to show that
she was gravely disabled to justify her temporary commitment. When reviewing
the sufficiency of the evidence supporting a civil commitment, we consider only
the probative evidence and reasonable inferences supporting it, without
weighing evidence or assessing witness credibility. Civ. Commitment of T.K. v.
Dep’t of Veterans Affairs, 27 N.E.3d 271, 273 (Ind. 2015). We will affirm if clear
and convincing evidence supports the trial court’s judgment. Id. Clear and
convincing evidence requires proof that the existence of a fact is “highly
probable.” Matter of Commitment of C.N., 116 N.E.3d 544, 547 (Ind. Ct. App.
2019).
[9] Indiana Code section 12-26-2-5(e) provides that a petitioner for a temporary
commitment must prove by clear and convincing evidence that (1) an
individual is mentally ill and either dangerous or gravely disabled and (2)
detention or commitment of that individual is appropriate. An individual is
“gravely disabled” when she has
a condition in which [the] individual, as a result of mental illness, is in danger of coming to harm because the individual: (1) is unable to provide for that individual’s food, clothing, shelter, or other essential human needs; or (2) has a substantial impairment or an obvious deterioration of that individual’s judgment, reasoning, or behavior that results in the individual’s inability to function independently.
I.C. § 12-7-2-96.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 24A-MH-2216 | October 10, 2024 Page 5 of 7 [10] F.L. concedes that she is mentally ill. However, she maintains that she is able to
take care of herself and function independently and is not, therefore, gravely
disabled. But F.L.’s argument amounts to a request that we reweigh the
evidence, which we cannot do on appeal.
[11] Both Dr. Sidhu’s testimony and F.L.’s own testimony showed that F.L. has a
substantial impairment or an obvious deterioration of her judgment, reasoning,
or behavior. F.L. does not accept her diagnosis and refuses prescribed
medication. 3 Dr. Sidhu testified that, “[w]ith all the confusion and delusions,
the hallucinations, I don’t think [F.L.] can take care of [her] basic needs. And
they’re going to likely impair her further and she’ll end up in the hospital again.
With treatment, I think she does better.” Id. at 8. That evidence shows that, as a
result of her mental illness, F.L. cannot function independently. Thus,
Community presented sufficient evidence to show that F.L. is gravely disabled,
and the trial court did not err when it ordered F.L.’s temporary commitment
under Indiana Code section 12-26-2-5(e)(2). See, e.g., A.S. v. Indiana Univ. Health
Bloomington Hosp., 148 N.E.3d 1135, 1140-41 (Ind. Ct. App. 2020) (affirming a
3 In support of its argument on appeal, Community cites to this Court’s recent memorandum decision in M.B. v. Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, No. 24A-MH-835, 2024 WL 4100562 (Ind. Ct. App. Sept. 6, 2024). In M.B., we acknowledged that the “denial of illness and refusal to medicate, standing alone, are insufficient to establish grave disability because they do not establish, by clear and convincing evidence, that such behavior ‘results in the individual’s inability to function independently.’” Id. at *3 (quoting Civil Commitment of T.K. v. Dep’t of Veterans Affairs, 27 N.E.3d 271, 273 (Ind. 2015)). However, we observed that, “just because those factors cannot be utilized ‘alone’ or ‘standing alone’ to support an order of commitment, does not necessarily mean that those factors should be discounted. Instead, we believe it is reasonable to consider the context of those factors, which includes background information to provide that context.” Id. at *4. And what is of added importance is why the person is not taking the medicine. Here, F.L.’s lack of insight into her mental illness and refusal to take prescribed medication are relevant to the trial court’s determination of her grave disability.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 24A-MH-2216 | October 10, 2024 Page 6 of 7 finding of grave disability where delusional patient suggested she was Jesus,
refused medication, acted inappropriately at the hospital, and was threatening
toward hospital staff).
[12] Affirmed.
Foley, J., and Robb, Sr.J., concur.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT Talisha Griffin Marion County Public Defender Agency Indianapolis, Indiana
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Jenny R. Buchheit Sean T. Dewey Ice Miller LLP Indianapolis, Indiana
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 24A-MH-2216 | October 10, 2024 Page 7 of 7