Commercial Credit Co. v. United States

Sixth Circuit

Commercial Credit Co. v. United States

58 F.2d 586, 1932 U.S. App. LEXIS 4728

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit

DecidedMay 6, 1932

DocketNo. 5905

StatusPublished

This text of 58 F.2d 586 (Commercial Credit Co. v. United States) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook

Commercial Credit Co. v. United States, 58 F.2d 586, 1932 U.S. App. LEXIS 4728 (6th Cir. 1932).

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Opinion

HICKENLOOPER, Circuit Judge.

A police officer of the city of Knoxville saw two automobiles parked in a vacant lot in that city. One of the ears was the Whippet eoupé here involved, and the other was a Hudson roadster. Two men were standing back of the Whippet, and one handed a can containing intoxicating liquor fit for beverage purposes to the other; the latter placing the can in the Hudson roadster. The recipient of this can later turned out to be one Lawrence McKinney. As the officer ran to the place where the cars were located, McKinney jumped into the Hudson roadster and tried to start the ear. The other man ran away and remained unknown and unapprehended. McKinney was arrested, tried and convicted under the National Prohibition Act, and the Hudson roadster was duly forfeited under section 26, title 2 of that act (27 USCA § 40). The Whippet eoupé, although designated before the commissioner as one of the cars in which McKinney had transported liquor, was not so described in the indictment, and was afterwards forfeited under section 3450 of the Revised Statutes (26 USCA § 1181). The right to so forfeit this ear presents the sole question here involved.

This question has recently been twice considered by this court, and we are of the opinion that the present ease is controlled by these decisions. General Motors Acceptance Corporation v. U. S. (C. C. A.) 40 F.(2d) 599; Midland Acceptance Corporation v. U. S. (C. C. A.) 47 F.(2d) 219. Here, as in those eases, the apparent operator of the automobile escaped arrest and prosecution by flight. It is true that McKinney was arrested and his ear forfeited under section 26 on the theory .that the liquor was placed in the ear during a momentary pause in a continuous transportation of which the prior transportation in the Whippet coupé formed [587]*587a part (Cf. U. S. v. One Packard Truck, 55 F. (2d) 882 (C. C. A. 2) ; but we are unable to concur in the contention, based upon the case last cited, that therefore and thereby it became obligatory upon the United States to also proceed with forfeiture of the Whippet coupé under section 26. McKinney’s Hudson automobile bore "the same relation to the act of transportation as did the Packard truck in the case in the Second circuit, and while the prior transportation in the Whippet eoupé may well attach by reference or adoption to the Hudson car, so as to establish the use of the latter in transportation, we do not think that McKinney could be said to have participated in an act of transportation in or by the Whippet, were that transportation alone involved.

The duty imposed by section 26 upon officers of the law is that they shall seize intoxicating liquors being illegally transported and the vehicle thus used, “and shall arrest any person in charge thereof.” It is only “upon conviction .of the person so arrested” that the court may order the liquor destroyed and the vehicle sold under that section, which is at least a quasi criminal provision to be strictly construed. In the instant ease, McKinney can in no sense be regarded as “in charge of” the Whippet eoupé, or as the “person arrested,” within the intent of the act, upon whose conviction the court might order that car sold. It is evident that the liquor was transported in the Whippet to the place where part of it was transferred to the Hudson, and McKinney having taken charge of the Hudson, it is plainly inferable also that the transportation in the Whippet was performed by someone other than him; probably by the man who escaped. McKinney could not therefore have been convicted of transportation in the Whippet coupé prior to its arrival at the parking lot, and the condition precedent to forfeiture under section 26 of the car here involved could not have been met. The driver of the Whippet having escaped, and it being presumably impossible to convict him of the illegal transportation, forfeiture of the automobile under section 3450, Revised Statutes, was permissible.

Neither do we regard the fact that McKinney was originally charged before the Commissioner with transportation in both the. Hudson automobile and the Whippet coupé as preventing forfeiture of the latter under section 3450 when the true situation became apparent, although the contrary decision might have resulted had the offense been so laid in the indictment. Port Gardner Investment Co. v. U. S., 272 U. S. 564, 47 S. Ct. 165, 71 L. Ed. 412; Commercial Credit Co. v. U. S., 276 U. S. 226, 48 S. Ct. 232, 72 L. Ed. 541; Richbourg Motor Co. v. U. S., 281 U. S. 528, 50 S. Ct. 385, 74 L. Ed. 1016, 73 A. L. R. 1081. This was but an obvious mistake in a preliminary proceeding which was subject to correction when it appeared that McKinney was not directly connected with the prior transportation.

The judgment of the District Court is affirmed.

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HICKENLOOPER, Circuit Judge.

A police officer of the city of Knoxville saw two automobiles parked in a vacant lot in that city. One of the ears was the Whippet eoupé here involved, and the other was a Hudson roadster. Two men were standing back of the Whippet, and one handed a can containing intoxicating liquor fit for beverage purposes to the other; the latter placing the can in the Hudson roadster. The recipient of this can later turned out to be one Lawrence McKinney. As the officer ran to the place where the cars were located, McKinney jumped into the Hudson roadster and tried to start the ear. The other man ran away and remained unknown and unapprehended. McKinney was arrested, tried and convicted under the National Prohibition Act, and the Hudson roadster was duly forfeited under section 26, title 2 of that act (27 USCA § 40). The Whippet eoupé, although designated before the commissioner as one of the cars in which McKinney had transported liquor, was not so described in the indictment, and was afterwards forfeited under section 3450 of the Revised Statutes (26 USCA § 1181). The right to so forfeit this ear presents the sole question here involved.

This question has recently been twice considered by this court, and we are of the opinion that the present ease is controlled by these decisions. General Motors Acceptance Corporation v. U. S. (C. C. A.) 40 F.(2d) 599; Midland Acceptance Corporation v. U. S. (C. C. A.) 47 F.(2d) 219. Here, as in those eases, the apparent operator of the automobile escaped arrest and prosecution by flight. It is true that McKinney was arrested and his ear forfeited under section 26 on the theory .that the liquor was placed in the ear during a momentary pause in a continuous transportation of which the prior transportation in the Whippet coupé formed [587]*587a part (Cf. U. S. v. One Packard Truck, 55 F. (2d) 882 (C. C. A. 2) ; but we are unable to concur in the contention, based upon the case last cited, that therefore and thereby it became obligatory upon the United States to also proceed with forfeiture of the Whippet coupé under section 26. McKinney’s Hudson automobile bore "the same relation to the act of transportation as did the Packard truck in the case in the Second circuit, and while the prior transportation in the Whippet eoupé may well attach by reference or adoption to the Hudson car, so as to establish the use of the latter in transportation, we do not think that McKinney could be said to have participated in an act of transportation in or by the Whippet, were that transportation alone involved.

The duty imposed by section 26 upon officers of the law is that they shall seize intoxicating liquors being illegally transported and the vehicle thus used, “and shall arrest any person in charge thereof.” It is only “upon conviction .of the person so arrested” that the court may order the liquor destroyed and the vehicle sold under that section, which is at least a quasi criminal provision to be strictly construed. In the instant ease, McKinney can in no sense be regarded as “in charge of” the Whippet eoupé, or as the “person arrested,” within the intent of the act, upon whose conviction the court might order that car sold. It is evident that the liquor was transported in the Whippet to the place where part of it was transferred to the Hudson, and McKinney having taken charge of the Hudson, it is plainly inferable also that the transportation in the Whippet was performed by someone other than him; probably by the man who escaped. McKinney could not therefore have been convicted of transportation in the Whippet coupé prior to its arrival at the parking lot, and the condition precedent to forfeiture under section 26 of the car here involved could not have been met. The driver of the Whippet having escaped, and it being presumably impossible to convict him of the illegal transportation, forfeiture of the automobile under section 3450, Revised Statutes, was permissible.

Neither do we regard the fact that McKinney was originally charged before the Commissioner with transportation in both the. Hudson automobile and the Whippet coupé as preventing forfeiture of the latter under section 3450 when the true situation became apparent, although the contrary decision might have resulted had the offense been so laid in the indictment. Port Gardner Investment Co. v. U. S., 272 U. S. 564, 47 S. Ct. 165, 71 L. Ed. 412; Commercial Credit Co. v. U. S., 276 U. S. 226, 48 S. Ct. 232, 72 L. Ed. 541; Richbourg Motor Co. v. U. S., 281 U. S. 528, 50 S. Ct. 385, 74 L. Ed. 1016, 73 A. L. R. 1081. This was but an obvious mistake in a preliminary proceeding which was subject to correction when it appeared that McKinney was not directly connected with the prior transportation.

The judgment of the District Court is affirmed.

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58 F.2d 586, 1932 U.S. App. LEXIS 4728, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/commercial-credit-co-v-united-states-ca6-1932.

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