J-S20033-23
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT OP 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : DANA EVERETT YOUNG : : Appellant : No. 2658 EDA 2022
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered October 5, 2022 In the Court of Common Pleas of Lehigh County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-39-CR-0000560-1983
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : DANA EVERETT YOUNG : : Appellant : No. 2659 EDA 2022
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered October 5, 2022 In the Court of Common Pleas of Lehigh County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-39-CR-0000561-1983
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : DANA EVERETT YOUNG : : Appellant : No. 2660 EDA 2022
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered October 5, 2022 In the Court of Common Pleas of Lehigh County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-39-CR-0000614-1983 J-S20033-23
BEFORE: DUBOW, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and COLINS, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY COLINS, J.: FILED SEPTEMBER 14, 2023
Appellant, Dana Everett Young, appeals pro se from the order dismissing
his petition for writ of habeas corpus as an untimely tenth petition pursuant
to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S. § 9541, et seq. He
asserts that he was entitled to relief because prior counsel had abandoned
him and caused him to proceed without counsel for appeals from two prior
denials of post-conviction relief. Because his claims concerning prior counsel
abandonment are cognizable under the PCRA, the lower court properly treated
his instant petition as a PCRA petition. We must affirm the dismissal of the
untimely petition where Appellant failed to plead and offer to prove an
applicable exception to the PCRA’s jurisdictional time-bar.
In separate incidents in January of 1983, Appellant forced a woman to
engage in oral, vaginal, and anal intercourse at knifepoint in a wooded area,
and forced another woman into a car at knifepoint and made that victim touch
his penis after he touched her intimate parts. N.T. 9/21/83, 50, 53-55, 58-
70, 82; 9/23/83, 225-36, 247-48. He robbed the first victim of $70.00 and,
after taking a purse containing a nominal amount of money from the second
victim, that victim fled as he was taking her to a bank for more money. N.T.
9/21/83, 63-64, 79; 9/23/83, 233-34. He pulled on the hair of both victims,
successfully ripping hair from the second victim’s scalp. N.T. 9/21/83, 59, 69-
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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70, 80; 9/23/83, 233, 236. He broke the wrist of the first victim when he
initially knocked her to the ground. N.T. 9/23/83, 230, 237-38, 248.
After a consolidated trial, a jury found Appellant guilty of: (1) rape,
involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, robbery, theft by unlawful taking, theft
by receiving stolen property, terroristic threats, unlawful restraint, aggravated
assault, and possessing an instrument of crime at CP-39-CR-0000614-1983;
(2) four counts of robbery, two counts each of kidnapping and aggravated
assault, and single counts of theft by unlawful taking, theft by receiving stolen
property, and terroristic threats at CP-39-CR-0000560-1983; and (3) indecent
assault and indecent exposure at CP-39-CR-0000561-1983. N.T. 9/26/84,
461-62. On September 9, 1985, the trial court sentenced Appellant to an
aggregate term of twenty-one to forty-two years’ imprisonment. N.T. 9/9/85,
16-19.
This Court treated a timely appeal from the judgments of sentence as a
petition filed under the precursor act to the PCRA, the Post Conviction Hearing
Act (“PCHA”), in which Appellant alleged that his trial counsel provided
ineffective assistance for failing to object to the joinder of the underlying
criminal matters. This Court remanded for an evidentiary hearing.
Commonwealth v. Young, No. 2595 Philadelphia 1985 (Pa. Super., filed
Aug. 21, 1986). Following that hearing, the trial court entered an order finding
Appellant’s ineffectiveness claim meritless. Appellant filed an appeal that we
dismissed as untimely without prejudice to Appellant’s right to petition the
trial court for permission to appeal nunc pro tunc. Appellant thereafter filed a
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petition for permission to appeal nunc pro tunc that the trial court heard and
denied on December 27, 1994. N.T. 12/27/94, 57. Appellant filed an appeal
from that order but later filed a pro se motion to withdraw that appeal, which
this Court granted on November 27, 1995.
On November 28, 1995, Appellant filed a pro se PCRA petition that was
considered timely filed because it was not governed by amendments to the
PCRA that were enacted on November 17, 1995, and became effective sixty
days thereafter. Following a hearing, the PCRA court denied the petition on
June 30, 1997. Appellant filed a pro se appeal. On November 5, 1998, we
affirmed. Commonwealth v. Young, 734 A.2d 442 (Pa. Super. 1998) (table)
(3175 PHL 97). On May 18, 1999, our Supreme Court denied allocatur.
Commonwealth v. Young, 739 A.2d 166 (Pa. 1999) (table) (1000
M.D.ALLOC. 1998).
On July 28, 1999, Appellant filed a pro se second PCRA petition. Counsel
was appointed and filed an amended petition. Appellant pro se appealed the
dismissal of the petition on October 12, 2000. On August 7, 2001, we affirmed
the dismissal; while the PCRA court denied relief after finding that all of
Appellant’s issues were previously litigated, we affirmed on the basis that the
petition was untimely. Commonwealth v. Young, 785 A.2d 1038 (Pa.
Super. 2001) (table) (3155 EDA 2000).
Over the next nine years, Appellant unsuccessfully litigated five more
pro se PCRA petitions and this Court affirmed the dismissals in each instance.
See Commonwealth v. Young, 996 A.2d 18 (Pa. Super. 2010) (table) (1041
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EDA 2009) (seventh PCRA petition); Commonwealth v. Young, 954 A.2d 45
(Pa. Super. 2008) (table) (1305 EDA 2007) (sixth PCRA petition), allocatur
denied, 960 A.2d 840 (Pa. 2008) (table) (464 MAL 2008); Commonwealth
v. Young, 889 A.2d 120 (Pa. Super. 2005) (table) (363 EDA 2005) (fifth PCRA
petition); Commonwealth v. Young, 863 A.2d 1234 (Pa. Super. 2004)
(table) (1017 EDA 2004) (fourth PCRA petition); Commonwealth v. Young,
833 A.2d 1153 (Pa. Super. 2003) (table) (213 EDA 2003) (third PCRA
petition), allocatur denied, 847 A.2d 1285 (Pa. 2004) (table) (808 MAL
2003).
In the ensuing eight years, Appellant unsuccessfully litigated three pro
se petitions styled as petitions for writ of habeas corpus and appeals from the
dismissals of those petitions. See Commonwealth v. Young, 203 A.3d 299
(Pa. Super. 2018) (table) (1119 EDA 2018) (ninth PCRA petition), allocatur
denied, 214 A.3d 232 (Pa. 2019) (table) (841 MAL 2018); Commonwealth
v. Young, 169 A.3d 1163 (Pa. Super. 2017) (table) (1668 EDA 2016) (eighth
PCRA petition); Commonwealth v. Young, 125 A.3d 438 (Pa. Super. 2015)
(table) (2426 EDA 2014) (habeas petition). While we agreed that the first of
those petitions was properly presented as a habeas petition, given the nature
of the claim presented in that petition, we affirmed the dismissal of the latter
two petitions as untimely eighth and ninth PCRA petitions. See
Commonwealth v. Young, 2018 WL 6427150, *1-2 (Pa. Super., filed Dec.
7, 2018); Commonwealth v. Young, 2017 WL 1372852, *2-3 (Pa. Super.,
filed Apr. 13, 2017); Commonwealth v. Young, 2015 WL 6949333, *1-2
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(Pa. Super., filed July 7, 2015). Appellant subsequently filed a pro se motion
for discovery that the PCRA court denied on July 11, 2022. Appellant appealed
the denial of that motion and later filed a petition to discontinue that appeal
on November 7, 2022. Appellate Docket for Commonwealth v. Young, No.
1916 EDA 2022.
While the appeal from the denial of the discovery motion was still
pending, Appellant filed the pro se petition, styled as a petition for writ of
habeas corpus, that is the focus of this appeal. In it, he alleged that he was
illegally confined because his due process rights and his right to counsel were
violated when he was deprived of counsel for his 1997 appeal from the denial
of his first petition filed pursuant to the PCRA. Pro Se Habeas Petition,
7/26/22, ¶¶ 8-20.1 He asserted that the counsel appointed for the litigation
of the first PCRA petition was never permitted to withdraw from representation
prior to his uncounseled appeal from the dismissal of that petition. Id. at ¶¶
20-21. He additionally asserted that counsel at the time of the denial of the
first PCRA petition abandoned him by failing to file a timely notice of appeal
and was “constitutionally ineffective.” Id. at ¶¶ 28-29, 33.
1 Although the petition was time-stamped and docketed on August 2, 2022,
we shall deem it to have been filed on July 26, 2022, when Appellant provided it to prison authorities for mailing. See Commonwealth v. Jones, 700 A.2d 423, 425-26 (Pa. 1997) (discussing the prisoner mailbox rule and applying it to all appeals by pro se prisoners); Commonwealth v. Little, 716 A.2d 1287, 1289 (Pa. Super. 1998) (holding that the prisoner mailbox rule applies to petitions under the PCRA).
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On August 23, 2022, Appellant filed a motion for leave to amend his
habeas petition with an attached supplemental amended petition, in which he
asserted an additional claim that post-trial counsel abandoned him by not
filing a requested direct appeal. Pro Se Amended Habeas Petition, 8/23/22,
¶¶ 5-6, 14-16. The lower court treated Appellant’s petition as an untimely
PCRA petition, based on the nature of the claims included in it, and issued
notice of its intent to dismiss the petition pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907. Rule
907 Notice, 8/30/22, 1-2 & nn.1-2. After Appellant filed a pro se response,
the lower court denied his motion for leave to amend his petition and
dismissed the petition. Pro Se Response to Rule 907 Notice, 9/2/22; Dismissal
Order, 9/30/22; Amended Dismissal Order, 10/5/22. Appellant timely filed
separate notices of appeal in each of his underlying criminal matters. Notices
of Appeal, 10/12/22.
Appellant presents the following question for our review:
Whether the [PCRA c]ourt abused its discretion in dismissing Appellant’s [p]etition for [h]abeas [c]orpus [r]elief[,] alleging he is illegally confined on the basis of a Post Conviction proceeding that violated [d]ue [p]rocess because it was uncounseled in violation of the [r]epresentation requirement?
Appellant’s Brief at 3 (suggested answer omitted).
Appellant asserts that prior appointed counsel abandoned him by not
filing counseled appeals from the dismissals of his first two petitions filed
pursuant to the PCRA. Appellant’s Brief at 11-12. He argues that those
attorneys were per se ineffective. Id. at 11-13. For cognizability purposes,
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he alleges that his claims of counsel abandonment “fall[ ] outside the PCRA
statutory scheme.” Id. at 14 (“the right to counsel afforded by the Sixth
Amendment to the Constitution of the United States falls outside the statutory
framework of the PCRA jurisdiction when an individual is incarcerated in a
state facility.”). He equates the alleged failures to pursue prior counseled
PCRA appeals with a forfeiture of the right to direct review. Id. at 15 (“it is
undisputed that [prior counsels’] failure to properly understand the law, or
failed to abide by it, lead to the forfeiture of Appellant’s right to direct appeal
of his convictions.”). He reasons that because Article I, Section 11 of the
Pennsylvania Constitution provides that “[a]ll courts shall be open,” the
interests of justice require that the courts should provide him a remedy for his
counsel abandonment/due process issues and that habeas corpus “is the only
remedy available to fulfill th[at] role.” Id. at 16. Accordingly, he argues that
the lower court erred by dismissing his petition as an untimely PCRA petition.
Id. at 18-19.
Our scope and standard of review when reviewing the denial of a PCRA
petition are well-settled:
[O]ur scope of review is limited by the parameters of the [PCRA]. Our standard of review permits us to consider only whether the PCRA court’s determination is supported by the evidence of record and whether it is free from legal error. Moreover, in general we may affirm the decision of the [PCRA] if there is any basis on the record to support the [PCRA] court’s action; this is so even if we rely on a different basis in our decision to affirm.
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Commonwealth v. Heilman, 867 A.2d 542, 544 (Pa. Super. 2005)
(quotations and citations omitted).
Appellant’s assertion that the lower court erred by treating his petition
as a PCRA petition fails as a matter of law. Controlling precedent from our
Supreme Court holds that a PCRA court cannot review a claim under
Pennsylvania’s writ of habeas corpus where a claim is time-barred under the
PCRA. See Commonwealth v. Taylor, 283 A.3d 178, 188 (Pa. 2022)
(“squarely reject[ing]” Taylor’s assertion that a judicial bias claim must be
cognizable under state habeas corpus because the claim did not qualify for
review under a PCRA timeliness exception); Commonwealth v. Abu-Jamal,
833 A.2d 719, 737-38 (Pa. 2003) (finding no merit to assertion that, “even if
[petitioner’s] claims are time-barred under the PCRA, the PCRA court should
have used its inherent power under common law to review his claims under
Pennsylvania’s writ of habeas corpus”); Commonwealth v. Fahy, 737 A.2d
214, 223 (Pa. 1999) (rejecting argument that “even if [petitioner’s] claims are
barred as untimely, his claims are entitled to review under our
Commonwealth’s habeas corpus”).
Significantly, Section 9542 of the PCRA provides:
This subchapter provides for an action by which persons convicted of crimes they did not commit and persons serving illegal sentences may obtain collateral relief. The action established in this subchapter shall be the sole means of obtaining collateral relief and encompasses all other common law and statutory remedies for the same purpose that exist when this subchapter takes effect, including habeas corpus and coram nobis. This subchapter is not intended to limit the
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availability of remedies in the trial court or on direct appeal from the judgment of sentence, to provide a means for raising issues waived in prior proceedings or to provide relief from collateral consequences of a criminal conviction. Except as specifically provided otherwise, all provisions of this subchapter shall apply to capital and noncapital cases.
42 Pa.C.S. § 9542 (emphasis added). “The plain language of [Section 9542]
demonstrates quite clearly that the General Assembly intended that claims
that could be brought under the PCRA must be brought under that Act.”
Commonwealth v. Hall, 771 A.2d 1232, 1235 (Pa. 2001) (emphasis in
original); see Commonwealth v. Gillins, --- A.3d ----, 2023 WL 5314740,
*4 (Pa. Super., filed Aug. 18, 2023) (quoting that portion of Hall); see also
Commonwealth v. Fantauzzi, 275 A.3d 986, 995 (Pa. Super. 2022) (“a
defendant cannot escape the PCRA time-bar by titling his petition or motion
as a writ of habeas corpus.”) (citation omitted).
Concerning the lower court’s treatment of Appellant’s petition, the
question for us is whether Appellant’s substantive claims at issue were
cognizable under the PCRA. Here, Appellant’s claims address allegations of
ineffective assistance of counsel, counsel abandonment, the denial of
Appellant’s constitutional right to counsel, and notions that, because of prior
counsel’s failures to file counseled appeals with respect to prior actions under
the PCRA, Appellant sustained violations of his right to due process. As these
claims are all cognizable under the PCRA, the lower court properly treated
Appellant’s petition as a PCRA petition. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(2)(i)-(ii);
see also Commonwealth v. Bennett, 930 A.2d 1264, 1274-75 (Pa. 2007)
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(holding that Bennett was entitled to the application of an exception to the
PCRA’s time-bar for his claim that prior counsel abandoned him by failing to
file an appellate brief); Commonwealth v. Collins, 888 A.2d 564, 573 (Pa.
2005) (Sixth Amendment claim alleging ineffective assistance of counsel
raises issue cognizable under the PCRA even if the underlying claim of error
has been previously litigated); Commonwealth v. McLaughlin, 240 A.3d
980, 983 (Pa. Super. 2020) (“Due process violations are cognizable under the
PCRA as ‘violation[s] of the Constitution of this Commonwealth or the
Constitution or laws of the United States which, in the circumstances of the
particular case, so undermined the truth-determining process that no reliable
adjudication of guilt or innocence could have taken place.’”), citing 42 Pa.C.S.
§ 9543(a)(2)(i).
The next question for us is whether the PCRA court properly denied the
petition for lack of jurisdiction because the petition was untimely. See
Commonwealth v. Hackett, 956 A.2d 978, 983 (Pa. 2008) (“Jurisdictional
time limits go to a court’s right or competency to adjudicate a controversy.”).
The PCRA requires that all petitions be filed within one year of the date on
which the judgments of sentence became final unless the petitioner proves
that one or more enumerated exceptions applies. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1);
see Commonwealth v. Gamboa-Taylor, 753 A.2d 780, 783 (Pa. 2000);
Commonwealth v. Beasley, 741 A.2d 1258, 1260 (Pa. 1999); see also
Commonwealth v. Wharton, 886 A.2d 1120, 1126 (Pa. 2005) (a PCRA
petitioner must explain “in the petition itself” why a claim that is untimely on
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its face is nevertheless cognizable because a statutory exception applies). The
statutory exceptions are that:
(i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of interference by government officials with the presentation of the claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth or the Constitution or laws of the United States;
(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to the petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the exercise of due diligence; or
(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States or the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the time period provided in this section and has been held by that court to apply retroactively.
42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii). A petitioner seeking to prove the applicability
of a time-bar exception must also allege and prove that he filed his petition
within one year of the date his time-bar exception claim first could have been
presented. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(2); see also 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1) (the
PCRA’s timeliness provision applies to any PCRA petition “including a second
or subsequent petition").
The PCRA’s timeliness requirements are mandatory and apply to all
PCRA petitions. Fahy, 737 A.2d at 222 (the PCRA’s time limits “are mandatory
and interpreted literally; thus, a court has no authority to extend filing periods
except as the statute permits”). Where a petition is untimely filed and a
petitioner has failed to plead and prove the applicability of an exception to the
PCRA’s time-bar, a PCRA court must dismiss the petition for lack of jurisdiction
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and forgo analysis of the merits of the underlying claims of relief presented in
the petition. Gamboa-Taylor, 753 A.2d at 783 (where a PCRA petition is not
timely filed and is not eligible for an exception, the PCRA court lacks authority
to address the substantive merits of the petitioner’s claims); Commonwealth
v. Callahan, 101 A.3d 118, 121 (Pa. Super. 2014) (courts do not have
jurisdiction over an untimely PCRA petition).
While maintaining below that his petition was reviewable as a habeas
petition, Appellant made no efforts to demonstrate that the instant petition
was timely filed for purposes of the PCRA. It was clearly untimely where this
Court already affirmed the dismissals of at least eight prior PCRA petitions
from Appellant on timeliness grounds. See supra pgs. 4-5. He also failed to
plead and offer to prove the applicability of any exceptions to the PCRA’s time-
bar in his petition. Pro Se Habeas Petition, 7/26/22, ¶¶ 37-38 (“Petitioner’s
claim that his PCRA proceeding was uncounseled and unfair is a unique claim
which falls outside the PCRA statutory scheme … The right to counsel afforded
by the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States falls outside
the statutory framework of the PCRA…”); Pro Se Amended Habeas Petition,
8/23/22, ¶¶ 18-19 (same allegation that Appellant’s claim concerning the
abandonment by his prior counsel or the deprivation of his constitutional right
to counsel were “outside the PCRA statutory scheme” or “outside the statutory
framework of the PCRA”).
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Because Appellant failed to plead and prove the applicability of any of
the three statutory exceptions to the PCRA’s time-bar, the PCRA court lacked
jurisdiction to review his petition.
On appeal, Appellant provides us with no basis to conclude that the
PCRA court erred by dismissing his petition as an untimely PCRA petition. He
cites our Supreme Court’s decision in Commonwealth v. Bradley, 261 A.3d
381 (Pa. 2021) – an opinion which recognized that a PCRA petitioner may
raise claims of PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness at the first opportunity to do so,
after the denial of PCRA relief, and after obtaining new counsel or acting pro
se – and asserts that the issuance of the Bradley opinion prompted the filing
of his petition. Appellant’s Brief at 14. We have held, however, that
“[n]othing in Bradley creates a right to file a [serial] PCRA petition outside
the PCRA’s one-year time limit as a method of raising ineffectiveness of PCRA
counsel or permits recognition of such a right.” Commonwealth v. Stahl,
292 A.3d 1130, 1136 (Pa. Super. 2023), citing Bradley, 261 A.3d at 403-04
& n.18 (unambiguously rejecting the filing of a successive untimely PCRA
petition as a permissible method of vindicating the right to effective
representation by PCRA counsel).
In arguing that his instant claim should be reviewable in a habeas
petition, Appellant cites our Supreme Court’s prior decisions in
Commonwealth v. West, 938 A.2d 1034 (Pa. 2007), and Commonwealth
v. Judge, 916 A.2d 511 (Pa. 2007). Appellant’s Brief at 14. While the
Supreme Court recognized that claims in those cases were outside the ambit
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of the PCRA and thus reviewable for habeas purposes, those cases are
inapposite and provide Appellant no support. See West, 938 A.2d at 1044
(concluding that a challenge to the validity of West’s judgment of sentence
after the Commonwealth delayed incarceration for nine years was not
cognizable under the PCRA); Judge, 916 A.2d at 520 (concluding that the
“[a]ppellant’s claim concerning his deportation from Canada to face a death
sentence falls outside the intended scope of the PCRA,” noting that the
question was one of international law). The claims raised in those cases may
be distinguished from Appellant’s proposed ineffective assistance of counsel
claims which involved alleged failures to file requested appeals which are
clearly within the scope of the PCRA eligibility requirements. See, e.g.,
Commonwealth v. Lantzy, 736 A.2d 564, 569-70 (Pa. 1999) (holding that
a claim alleging ineffective assistance of counsel for failing to file a requested
appeal is cognizable under the PCRA).
Appellant also argues that the application of the PCRA’s time-bar is
unconstitutional as applied to him because it deprives him of a remedy in
violation of Article I, Section 11 of the Pennsylvania.2 Appellant’s Brief at 15-
16. To the contrary, however, Appellant could have had review of prior
claims of counsel abandonment presuming that he raised the claims in a timely ____________________________________________
2 “All courts shall be open; and every man for an injury done him in his lands,
goods, person or reputation shall have remedy by due course of law, and right and justice administered without sale, denial or delay. Suits may be brought against the Commonwealth in such manner, in such courts and in such cases as the Legislature may by law direct.” Pa. Const. Art. I, § 11.
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manner after the abandonments had allegedly occurred. His prior failures to
promptly raise any counsel abandonment claims did not convert his claims
into habeas corpus claims or constitute a violation of the Remedies Clause.
See Commonwealth v. Turner, 80 A.3d 754, 770-71 (Pa. 2013) (holding
Remedies Clause did not require a court to afford a remedy to a petitioner
who failed to utilize PCRA procedures to seek relief during time petitioner was
statutorily eligible).
Here, where Appellant’s underlying claims alleging ineffective assistance
of counsel, prior counsel abandonment, and constitutional violations resulting
from a deprivation of the right to counsel on prior PCRA appeals were
undoubtedly within the ambit of the PCRA, Appellant needed to plead and
prove the applicability of a time-bar exception in his petition to obtain
substantive review. Having failed to make any assertion of a time-bar
exception below due to his continued and incorrect insistence on the
availability of state habeas review, Appellant failed to establish any basis for
jurisdiction. Accordingly, the PCRA court properly dismissed his petition as an
untimely tenth PCRA petition.
Order affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary
Date: 9/14/2023
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