Com. v. Yoder, D.

• Court: Superior Court of Pennsylvania
• Decided: December 8, 2020
• Docket: 1680 WDA 2019
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

J-S49025-20

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : DAVID SHANE YODER : : Appellant : No. 1680 WDA 2019

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered October 15, 2019 In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-02-CR-0011557-2018

BEFORE: OLSON, J., DUBOW, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY DUBOW, J.: FILED DECEMBER 08, 2020

Appellant, David Shane Yoder, appeals from the Judgment of Sentence

entered on October 15, 2019, following his conviction for summary

Harassment.1 Appellant challenges the sufficiency of the Commonwealth’s

evidence. After careful review, we reverse.

The evidence introduced at trial showed that on the evening of July 29,

2018, Rivers Casino security escorted Appellant and his girlfriend, Heather

Noll, out of the casino because Noll was belligerently intoxicated. In the

process of leaving, Appellant and Noll engaged in several heated arguments

with casino security. The security supervisor called the Pennsylvania State

Police (“PSP”) for assistance.

____________________________________________

* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.

1 18 Pa.C.S. § 2709(a)(1). J-S49025-20

PSP Corporal Michael Markey responded to the call. Corporal Markey

approached Appellant outside the casino and commanded him to get on the

ground. Appellant refused, telling Corporal Markey that a recent back surgery

prevented him from doing so. Instead, Appellant put his hands in the air,

spread his legs, turned his back to Corporal Markey, and suggested that

Corporal Markey search him. At some point, Appellant told Corporal Markey,

“fuck you.” Importantly, Appellant never lunged at or tried to hit Corporal

Markey.

After several minutes, PSP Troopers Mario Schiavo and David Mares

arrived to assist Corporal Markey. Trooper Mares tackled Appellant to the

ground. While Appellant was on the ground, Corporal Markey “drive stunned”

him.2 Police eventually arrested Appellant, and the Commonwealth charged

him with Simple Assault, Disorderly Conduct, Harassment (of the casino

security supervisor), and Resisting Arrest.3

On August 23, 2019, at the conclusion of Appellant’s first trial, the jury

acquitted him of Simple Assault, Disorderly Conduct, and Harassment. It

deadlocked on Resisting Arrest, prompting the court to grant a mistrial.

2To “drive stun” means to use a taser without deploying any darts or prongs. N.T. Trial, 8/21/19, at 163.

3 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 2701(a)(1), 5503(a)(4), 2709(a)(4), and 5104, respectively. The Commonwealth also charged Appellant with Public Drunkenness, 18 Pa.C.S. § 5505, which the parties agreed to try by stipulated bench trial at the conclusion of Appellant’s jury trial.

-2- J-S49025-20

On October 8, 2019, the Commonwealth filed a Motion to Amend

Criminal Information, seeking to withdraw Appellant’s Resisting Arrest charge

and replace it with a charge of Harassment of Corporal Markey. Motion to

Amend, 10/8/19, at ¶¶ 4-5. The court held a hearing on the Motion on October

15, 2019, at which Appellant consented to the amendment. N.T. Hearing,

10/15/19, at 3. The court granted the Commonwealth’s Motion and

immediately proceeded to a stipulated bench trial.

At Appellant’s bench trial, the Commonwealth’s sole evidence was the

August 23, 2019 trial transcript. Id. at 4-5. At the conclusion of trial, the court

convicted Appellant of Harassment and immediately sentenced him to thirty

days of probation.4 Id. at 7-9. Appellant timely filed a Notice of Appeal and

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Statement. The trial judge resigned from the bench and the

record contains no Rule 1925(a) Opinion.

In his sole issue on appeal, Appellant challenges the sufficiency of the

Commonwealth’s evidence to convict him of Harassment. Appellant’s Br. at

15. He avers that the evidence showed he “never once struck, shoved, kicked,

or made physical contact with [Corporal] Markey, nor did he attempt to do

so.” Appellant’s Br. at 15. He also argues that the evidence was insufficient to

show that he acted with the intent to harass, annoy, or alarm Corporal Markey.

Id. at 16.

4 In addition, the court acquitted Appellant of Public Drunkenness.

-3- J-S49025-20

“In reviewing a sufficiency of the evidence claim, we must determine

whether the evidence admitted at trial, as well as all reasonable inferences

drawn [from it], when viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict winner,

are sufficient to support all elements of the offense.” Commonwealth v. Cox,

72 A.3d 719, 720 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citation omitted).

A person commits the crime of Harassment when he “subjects the

[victim] to physical contact, or attempts or threatens to do the same” with

“intent to harass, annoy or alarm” the victim. 18 Pa.C.S. § 2709(a)(1). The

Commonwealth must “prove [the] appellant had the intent to harass, annoy

or alarm. Anything less than a showing of intent is insufficient.”

Commonwealth v. Wheaton, 598 A.2d 1017, 1020 (Pa. Super. 1991)

(citation and emphasis omitted).

After review, we agree with Appellant that the evidence was insufficient

to convict him of Harassment. The Commonwealth adduced no evidence

showing that Appellant subjected or attempted to subject Corporal Markey to

physical contact. In fact, Corporal Markey testified that Appellant never lunged

at or tried to hit him. N.T. Trial, 8/21/19, at 181. Corporal Markey’s only

physical contact with Appellant came when Corporal Markey “drive stunned”

him, which cannot be reasonably construed as Appellant subjecting Corporal

Markey to physical contact. Id. at 157, 162.

There was likewise insufficient evidence to prove that Appellant

threatened to physically contact Corporal Markey. Although Appellant refused

Corporal Markey’s order to get on the ground, the evidence showed that

-4- J-S49025-20

Appellant told Corporal Markey he could not do so because he had recently

had back surgery and was concerned that it would cause him injury. Id. at

154, 171, 256. Instead, Appellant put his hands up, spread his legs, turned

his back to Corporal Markey, and suggested that Corporal Markey search him.

Id. at 112, 114, 258. Appellant’s actions cannot reasonably be construed as

a threat to physically contact Corporal Markey or proof that Appellant’s actions

were taken with the specific intent to harass, annoy, or alarm Corporal

Finally, although Appellant told Corporal Markey, “fuck you,” Id. at 158,

the Commonwealth adduced no evidence to show that Appellant’s use of

profanity was a threat of physical contact done with the intent to harass,

annoy, or alarm. Without more, mere vulgarity is insufficient to sustain a

Harassment conviction. See Commonwealth v. Zullinger, 676 A.2d 687

(Pa. Super. 1996) (reversing Harassment conviction for wearing a t-shirt

emblazoned with “fuck you” across the front inside courthouse).

In sum, after careful review, we conclude that the evidence was

insufficient to convict Appellant of Harassment of Corporal Markey.

Accordingly, we reverse the conviction and vacate the Judgment of Sentence.

Judgment of Sentence vacated.

Judge Olson did not participate in the consideration or decision of this case.

-5- J-S49025-20

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary

Date: 12/8/2020

-6-