Com. v. Stanford, O.

• Court: Superior Court of Pennsylvania
• Decided: December 28, 2018
• Docket: 789 WDA 2018
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

J-S73037-18

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : ORLANDO STANFORD : : Appellant : No. 789 WDA 2018

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence January 23, 2018 In the Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-65-CR-0003058-2015

BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., BENDER, P.J.E., and OLSON, J.

MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.: FILED DECEMBER 28, 2018

Appellant, Orlando Stanford, appeals from the judgment of sentence

entered on January 23, 2018, as made final by the denial of Appellant’s

post-sentence motion on May 14, 2018. We affirm.

The trial court thoroughly summarized the facts underling this appeal:

Trial commenced following jury selection on October 2, 2017. The Commonwealth first presented the testimony of Sergeant [Daniel] Uncapher. At the time of trial, Sergeant Uncapher was [a 24-year veteran of] the Allegheny Township Police Department. . . . Sergeant Uncapher worked as a patrolman at the time of the incident in 2014. He spent the majority of his time working "on the road" rather than at the station. Sergeant Uncapher's duties as a patrolman included accident investigation, general investigation, patrol operations, and answering calls for service. In addition, he would assist local police departments upon request. He also assisted other agencies in the past with the service of arrest warrants. Sergeant Uncapher testified that, in addition to receiving the written warrant, he [could] verify the validity of a warrant by contacting Westmoreland County 911. Westmoreland J-S73037-18

County 911 will confirm or deny the warrant by running an NCIC search of the individual's name.

On December 21, 2014, Sergeant Uncapher was dispatched by Westmoreland County 911 to the Sandalwood apartment complex (hereinafter "Sandalwood"). [Westmoreland County 911] received an anonymous tip that [Appellant] was located at Sandalwood and there was an active warrant for his arrest. Sergeant Uncapher was also informed that [Appellant] was potentially armed with a weapon. He confirmed that there was an active warrant for [Appellant’s] arrest through Westmoreland County 911. Westmoreland County 911 advised Sergeant Uncapher that there was an active warrant for [Appellant] out of Pennsylvania State Parole. [Sergeant Uncapher] was not aware of [Appellant] prior to this incident. He believed that the apartment was rented by Amber Lovelace, but he did not know this [information] prior to serving the warrant. Sergeant Uncapher requested assistance from Officer Hosack in serving the warrant. At the time of trial, Officer Hosack was no longer employed by the Allegheny Township Police Department.

Sergeant Uncapher testified that he was familiar with Sandalwood as a police officer. He described Sandalwood as a row of five [], two-story apartments with a downstairs living and kitchen area and upstairs bedrooms and a restroom. Upon arrival to Sandalwood, Sergeant Uncapher reported directly to the apartment in which [Appellant] was allegedly present. He observed that the front door of the apartment was open and approximately five [] to ten [] individuals were located throughout the first floor. Sergeant Uncapher announced his presence to the individuals and Lovelace immediately approached the door. He was not familiar with Lovelace prior to serving the warrant. Sergeant Uncapher testified that Lovelace was "very friendly" and she did not object to him being at her home. He asked for permission from Lovelace to enter the home. She confirmed that [Appellant] was in the apartment and was located in the upstairs bedroom. Sergeant Uncapher did not attempt to speak with the other individuals in the apartment because it was "so loud" and there were "so many people there." He maintained that he was not familiar with [Appellant] prior to this incident and he did not receive anything that would allow him to identify [Appellant].

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Officer Hosack subsequently approached Sergeant Uncapher and Lovelace from the back door of the apartment. Sergeant Uncapher and Officer Hosack reported to the upstairs bedroom. In the bedroom, they observed a male lying on a bed where [Appellant] was reportedly located. The individual was later identified as [Appellant]. [Appellant] was the only individual located in the bedroom. Sergeant Uncapher testified that they shouted for [Appellant] and announced their presence, but [Appellant] did not respond. Sergeant Uncapher assumed [Appellant] was sleeping. Sergeant Uncapher and Officer Hosack subsequently began handcuffing [Appellant] and he woke up. Sergeant Uncapher explained who they were to [Appellant] and why they were there. He testified that [Appellant] was dressed in a tank top and a pair of dark colored jeans that day.

Sergeant Uncapher searched [Appellant] and Officer Hosack maintained control of [Appellant] during the search. Sergeant Uncapher could not recall if [Appellant] was sitting or standing during the search. He testified, however, that an individual is generally standing when he conducts a search. [Appellant] did not present any problems during the search. Officer Hosack indicated that a weapon was present in [Appellant’s] "crotch area" and Officer Hosack retrieved an automatic pistol from this area. Sergeant Uncapher subsequently "cleared" the firearm. He testified that "clearing" the firearm consists of emptying the firearm's magazine and unchamber[ing] any rounds. He did not discover any rounds in the firearm's chamber, but he did recover eight [] rounds in the firearm's magazine. Sergeant Uncapher described the firearm as a nine-millimeter Taurus PT24/7. After Sergeant Uncapher cleared the weapon, he returned to his station. He entered the firearm into evidence and placed it into an evidence locker. The firearm was also submitted to the Crime Lab. The bullets were eventually destroyed in accordance with the department's policy against retaining ammunition.

Sergeant Uncapher contacted Pennsylvania State Parole and advised them that [Appellant] was in custody. [Appellant] was transported back to the Allegheny Township Police Department and was taken to the processing room and holding cell. Sergeant Uncapher testified that [Appellant]

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requested to speak with him while he was entering charges and evidence. More specifically, [Appellant] was willing to speak with him if it "helps him out." Sergeant Uncapher read [Appellant] his Miranda[1] rights, which are generally read from a departmental form. [Appellant] indicated that he still wished to speak with Sergeant Uncapher. [Appellant] told Sergeant Uncapher that he was aware that he was a felon and was not to possess a firearm. [Appellant] also stated that he was at the apartment on the night prior to the incident and was "hanging out" with Lovelace. At one point, [Appellant] supposedly met a male who was known as "Jay." [Appellant] allegedly purchased marijuana from Jay the night before and Jay possessed the firearm that was subsequently found on [Appellant]. Sergeant Uncapher testified that [Appellant] agreed to hold the weapon for Jay and he fell asleep with it in his pants. Sergeant Uncapher was not aware if Jay was present at the apartment on the date of the incident.

Sergeant Uncapher subsequently prepared a police report of the incident. He did not obtain a written statement from [Appellant] and did not provide a specific reason as to why he did not take a written statement. He did, however, state that [Appellant] did not provide much information to him aside from the name "Jay." Sergeant Uncapher asked questions to the other residents of Sandalwood regarding Jay, but no one could confirm his identity. Additionally, he identified "Cade Kennamuth" as the last registered owner of the firearm found on [Appellant].

The Commonwealth thereafter presented the testimony of Officer Seth Hosack. At the time of trial, Officer Hosack was employed by the New Kensington Police Department as a police officer. He worked as a police officer for [13] years. On the date of the incident, Officer Hosack was employed by the Allegheny Township Police Department as a patrolman. Officer Hosack testified that he received information that a wanted individual was armed at Sandalwood. Officer Hosack and Sergeant Uncapher reported to Sandalwood. Upon their arrival, Sergeant Uncapher traveled to the front and Officer Hosack went to the back of the residence. He testified that ____________________________________________

1 Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966).

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the back door of the apartment was open. At one point, Officer Hosack observed Sergeant Uncapher speaking with Lovelace. He testified that Lovelace did not appear to be agitated with their presence and the individuals at the apartment were "very nice." Lovelace [“pointed that [Appellant] was upstairs in the bedroom at the top of the stairs.” N.T. Trial, 10/2/17, at 76].

Officer Hosack and Sergeant Uncapher proceeded to the upstairs bedroom of the apartment. Officer Hosack testified that an individual appeared to be sleeping in the bedroom. This individual was later identified as [Appellant]. Officer Hosack holstered his weapon and held his Taser to protect Sergeant Uncapher as he apprehended [Appellant]. Officer Hosack thereafter searched [Appellant] while he was secured in handcuffs and lying on the bed. He could not recall the direction in which [Appellant] was lying. Officer Hosack testified that he reached near [Appellant’s] "crotch area" and felt what he believed to be a firearm based on its shape, size, and density. He announced the presence of the weapon while searching [Appellant] and retrieved a [firearm] with "some difficulty." Officer Hosack testified that [Appellant] was wearing multiple layers of clothing and the firearm was found in the front flap of [Appellant’s] long underwear. Officer Hosack gave Sergeant Uncapher the weapon while he secured [Appellant]. Sergeant Uncapher "cleared" the weapon. They subsequently proceeded to the police station. Sergeant Uncapher filed [Appellant’s] charges. Officer Hosack was not present for any statements made by [Appellant] at the police station and he did not participate in the investigation of [Appellant’s] case. He was also not aware of any fingerprint evidence that may have been recovered from the firearm.

Sergeant Uncapher was thereafter called again by the Commonwealth to testify. The Commonwealth requested the opportunity to briefly question Sergeant Uncapher in response to questions asked by Defense Counsel regarding fingerprint or DNA evidence on the firearm. Sergeant Uncapher was familiar with the availability of fingerprint and DNA testing at the State Police Crime Lab in Greensburg. He testified that these tests may be costly depending on the number of tests that are required. Sergeant Uncapher does not generally consider this in determining whether to submit

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items for fingerprint or DNA testing, unless there is a subsequent AFIS hit on a ballistics cartridge. He testified that it is not common to submit items that are found on a person's body for [fingerprint] or DNA testing. Sergeant Uncapher was not aware of the exact number that it would have cost to perform testing in the instant case. He estimated, however, that the cost to perform testing could have been "in the thousands." Sergeant Uncapher testified that, to his knowledge, the firearm that was found on [Appellant] was never tested for fingerprints.

Upon the conclusion of the Commonwealth's case, [Appellant’s] counsel moved for a judgment of acquittal with respect to both of [Appellant’s] charges. He argued that the case began with an anonymous tip and the testimony of Lovelace and the individual who made the anonymous tip were not presented by the Commonwealth in this case. [Appellant’s] counsel maintained that the Commonwealth provided the testimony of the officers only, who indicated that [Appellant] had a firearm. Ultimately, [counsel argued] that the Commonwealth was unable to establish that [Appellant] had the intent to possess, control, or use or carry a firearm. [Appellant’s] counsel reiterated that [Appellant] was sleeping in the bed and allegedly had the firearm on his person. He [argued] that insufficient evidence was presented to establish that [Appellant] had the requisite intent for these charges to be submitted to the jury. Furthermore, he restated that the gun was never processed for prints or DNA evidence. [Appellant’s] motion was noted for the record and denied.

...

[Appellant] additionally testified at trial regarding the incident. On the date prior to [Appellant’s] arrest, he [traveled] to Lovelace's apartment at Sandalwood. He identified Lovelace as his friend. [Appellant] stated that he knew Lovelace for about a month and Sergeant Uncapher's statement that he knew her for approximately two (2) weeks was incorrect. [Appellant] testified that there were about four [] to five [] other individuals present at Lovelace's apartment. He was not familiar with all of the individuals. He did recall, however, that one of the individuals was named Zach Ferguson. At the apartment, they were "smoking,

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hanging out, laughing, watching videos, [and] movies." At around 1:00 or 2:00 a.m., [Appellant] fell asleep in the upstairs master bedroom of the apartment. He did not recall informing Sergeant Uncapher that he fell asleep at approximately 4:00 a.m. and indicated that his statement was incorrect. [Appellant] testified that there were two (2) bedrooms located in the apartment. Additionally, no one else was present in the bedroom with [Appellant] when he went to sleep; however, several other individuals were still present in the apartment at the time he went to sleep and they were mostly downstairs.

[Appellant] woke up from sleeping while he was being handcuffed. He testified that he heard the officer announce his presence and request [Appellant’s] identity. [Appellant] announced his identity to the officer. [Appellant] denied obtaining a firearm from anyone and testified that a firearm was not located on his person at the time he went to sleep. [Appellant] also claimed that he never observed the firearm that he was charged with possessing. He testified that he did not know that he had an active warrant out for his arrest due to missing a parole appointment. [Appellant] was searched while he was being handcuffed. He testified that he was lying on his right shoulder during the search and the officer helped him get out of bed. Additionally, he testified that Sergeant Uncapher's statement as to what he was wearing was incorrect and he was not wearing long underwear or jeans when he woke up. He also stated that he was not wearing gym shorts. Rather, [Appellant] claimed that he was dressed in a white tank top, boxers, and socks at the time he was handcuffed. He testified that he asked to put on his pants and shoes after he was handcuffed and the officers permitted him to do so. He also stated that one of the officers assisted him with putting additional clothing on. Additionally, [Appellant] put on long johns. [Appellant] also testified that he was searched by the officers after he was permitted to put on his additional clothing. He also did not recall seeing anyone else arrested at the apartment.

[Appellant] recall[ed] signing a document entitled "Constitutional Rights" on the date of the incident that was prepared by Sergeant Uncapher. [Appellant] testified that he was located in the Allegheny Township Police Department holding cell while signing the document. The document

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informed [Appellant] of his rights and included a statement providing that the officer read [Appellant] his rights and [Appellant] understood what his rights were. Additionally, it provided that [Appellant] was willing to make a statement and answer the questions asked of him. It also stated that [Appellant] did not wish to have a lawyer present. The document further indicated that no promises or threats had been made to induce [Appellant] to make a statement and no pressure or coercion of any kind had been used against him. [Appellant] spoke voluntarily with Sergeant Uncapher after signing the document. [Appellant] testified that Sergeant Uncapher asked him if he was willing to answer a few questions and he agreed. [Appellant] denied initiating the conversation with Sergeant Uncapher and stating that he would like to help himself out if he could. He testified that Sergeant Uncapher did not provide him with the option to have his statement written or recorded.

[Appellant] testified that Sergeant Uncapher's partner was also present during his questioning. [Appellant testified that he] told Sergeant Uncapher that he was at Sandalwood for [one to two] days and he knew Lovelace. [Appellant] also informed Sergeant Uncapher that he thought Lovelace was a "good person" and they did not have a romantic relationship. Additionally, [Appellant] told Sergeant Uncapher that he knew Lovelace for about a month. He testified that he knew he had a warrant issued by probation and parole due to missing a scheduled appointment with his parole officer. He also informed Sergeant Uncapher that he had a few discrepancies with probation and parole regarding working and missing appointments. [Appellant] was aware that he was not allowed to possess any firearms. [Appellant] did not question Sergeant Uncapher when he was asked if he knew he was not allowed to possess a firearm. Instead, [Appellant] stated that he was not "worried about it" because he did not have anything to do with the firearm. [Appellant] denied having an interest in guns and telling the officer that he had an infatuation with guns. He also testified that he did not tell Sergeant Uncapher that he fell asleep at 4:00 a.m. with a gun in his pants.

[Appellant] denied telling Sergeant Uncapher that an individual by the name of Jay was present at the apartment. Additionally, [Appellant] testified that he did not tell the

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officer that he had purchased marijuana from Jay at the apartment. He also denied ever telling the officer that Jay showed him a gun. He testified that no one in the apartment had a gun that he had asked to see and he never asked anyone to let him hold a gun while he was at the apartment. [Appellant] again testified that he was not in possession of a firearm at the time he went to sleep. [Appellant] disagreed with the officer's testimony regarding what he had told the police about the incident. [Appellant] testified that he was asked general questions by the officer regarding his background, employment, history, and living situation. [Appellant] resided with his grandmother at the time of the incident and he did not live at Sandalwood.

Additionally, the officer allegedly asked [Appellant] if he knew who owned the firearm and [Appellant] replied in the negative. [Appellant] testified that he was not shown the firearm and the officer did not notify him that he was in possession of a firearm. [Appellant] alleged that he did not know which firearm the officer was referring to, but he assumed that the officer was referencing the firearm that [Appellant] observed in the front seat of the police vehicle. [Appellant] testified that he was handcuffed and seated in the back seat of the police vehicle. He was able to observe the firearm, although there was a glass partition separating the front and the back seats. [Appellant] stated that the firearm he observed was the same firearm that was presented in the courtroom during trial. This was allegedly the first time [Appellant] had viewed the firearm. [Appellant] testified that he was not concerned with the firearm because it was not found on his person. He did not question the fact that he was being asked about a firearm and he was not troubled by this because he had "nothing to do with it." [Appellant] did not recall hearing anyone state the terms "gun," "weapon," or "firearm" in the apartment. He also did not remember the officers ever mentioning a firearm while they were in the apartment and when he was awakened from his sleep. [Appellant] testified that he did not see any police officers carrying a gun out of the house with him. Overall, [Appellant] believed that he was innocent of the charges that were filed against him.

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Trial Court Opinion, 5/14/18, at 5-14 (internal citations and some internal

capitalization omitted).

The jury found Appellant guilty of persons not to possess firearms and

firearms not to be carried without a license;2 on January 23, 2018, the trial

court sentenced Appellant to serve an aggregate term of four to ten years in

prison.

The trial court denied Appellant’s post-sentence motion on May 14, 2018

and Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal. Appellant raises five claims to

this Court:

1. Whether the [trial court] erred in determining the jury’s verdicts were based on sufficient evidence?

2. Whether the [trial court] erred [in concluding that] the jury’s verdicts were [not] against the weight of the evidence?

3. Whether the [trial court] erred in denying [Appellant’s] suppression motion, finding there was reasonable suspicion to pursue [Appellant] based on an anonymous phone call?

4. Whether the [trial court] erred in denying [Appellant’s] motion in limine to exclude the hearsay testimony of Amber Lovelace, used to prove [Appellant] was located at – and permitted the officers into – the Sandlewood apartment?

5. Whether the [trial court] erred in overruling [Appellant’s] objection to the dismissal of Juror #21, who was excluded on the basis of race in violation of Batson v. Kentucky[, 476 U.S. 79 (1986)]?

Appellant’s Brief at 3 (some internal capitalization omitted).

____________________________________________

2 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6105(a)(1) and 6106(a)(1), respectively.

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We have reviewed the briefs of the parties, the relevant law, the certified

record, the notes of testimony, and the opinion of the able trial court judge,

the Honorable Meagan Bilik-DeFazio. We conclude that Appellant is not

entitled to relief in this case and that Judge Bilik-DeFazio’s May 14, 2018

opinion meticulously and accurately disposes of Appellant’s issues on appeal.

Therefore, we affirm on the basis of Judge Bilik-DeFazio’s thorough opinion

and adopt it as our own. In any future filing with this or any other court

addressing this ruling, the filing party shall attach a copy of Judge Bilik-

DeFazio’s May 14, 2018 opinion.

Judgment of sentence affirmed. Jurisdiction relinquished.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary

Date: 12/28/2018

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IN THE COURT OF COlVIMON PLEAS OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY, :PENNSYLVANIA- CR!J.'1INA.I., DIVISION

COMMONWEALTH OF'.PENNSYLVANIA ) ) v. ) No. 3058 C 2015 ) ORLM:'TIO . .DEAN . STANFORD . . . ' )

OPINION AND ORDER OF COURT

The above-captioned case is before this Court for disposition of Defendant's Post- Sentence Motions filed pursuant to Pennsylvania.Rules of Criminal Procedure 720(8). Defendant presented the following claims in his Post-Sentence Motions:

a. The jury's verdict was not based on sufficient evidence given the evidence presented at trial; b. The-jury's verdict was against the weight of the evidence presented at trial; c. The Court of Common Pleas erred In denying Defendant's pro se Su.ppression Motion as the arresting.officers lacked. the requisite probable cause to pursue the Defendant based on an anonymous tip; d. · The Court ofCommon Pleas erred in denying the Defendant's Motion in Limine regarding the testimony of Amber Lovelace, whose: hearsay testimony was presented to the Jury during trial; · · · · · e. The Court of Common Pleas erred in overruling the Defendant's objection to the Commonwealth's use ofa peremptory strike en Juror #21, who Was excluded on the. basis ofrace in violation of Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79 (1986).

Defendant's Post-Sentence Motions, March 6, 2018; at 2;

FACTS

Defendant was charged with the follO\.ving crimes ln D�cemberof2014:

Count l: Person Not to Possess use ETC Firearm; in violation ofl 8 Pa. C;S.A. . . 6105(c)(2); · Count 2: Firearms Not to be Carried without a License, in violation of 18 Pa, C:S .A. · 6106(a)(l} · · · ·

·--------- An Omnibus Pre'."Trial motion Hearing occurred before the Honorable Richard E. McCormick, Jr., oh October 24, 2016. Omnibus Pre-Trial Motion Hearing, October 24, 2016:1 Defendant's Omnibus Pre-TrielMotions consisted of a Motion to Dismiss Pursuant to Rule 600� Motion for.Discovery, Motion to. Suppress Evidence and Out-of-Court Statements,. and Motion in Limine, Omnibus.Pretrial Motions, August 29, 2016, at2. 4, 6, 11. Atthe hearing, the Commonwealth presented the testiinony'of'Sergeant'Daniel Uncapher.NiH. at 4. Judge McCormick denied Defendant's Motion to Dismiss Pursuant to Rule 600 and his Motion to Quash, which was filed after Defendant's Omnibus Pre"Trial Motions on October 12, 2016. N .H. at 40. Discovery was previously provided to Defendant, and his, Motion in Limine was held for tr,ial.N�H. at45"46.Reg�ding Defendant's.Motion to Suppress, Judge McCormic.kfound that Defendant's statements to Sergeant Uncapher were voluntary under the circumstances and his Motion to Suppress.those statements Was denied. N.H.at40·A3. Additionally, Judge McCormick indicated the following in reference to statementsmadeby-an anonymous caller:

TIIE COURT: The only thing that [Officer Uncapher]determined bythat is that they believe that you had ,1 warrant against you. Through the independent sources, he determined that there was a warrant; a lawful, outstanding warrant, and he. proceeded on that

So that motion is denied. Your motion to 'suppress is denied.

The anonymous. call led him to further his investigation. That's all that he can do.

It.was a call to 911 that caused them to determine that there was, iii fact, an arrest warrant out there that had been issued by the Board of Probation and Parole. They had independent.infcnaation that, in .fact, it was a lawful warrant.

I To .decrease the length of each citation, the notes of testimony at the. hearing will hereafter be referred to as "N�H." The Omnibus Pre-Trial Motion Hearing in this matter occurred on October 24,2016; 2 ,·.

N.H. at 44.. 45, 47. Judge McConcick ultimately denied Defon®.11t's Motion to Suppress the state.tnents made by the anonymous caller. N.T. at 43-45. Defendant's prose Motion inLimine was denied by this Court on September 29; 2()17 1

since his Motion was untimely and he was represented by counsel. Ajury trial occurred on Defendant', s case from October 2, 2017 to Qcio ber· 3, 2017; Jury Trial Proceedings; October 2-,.3, 2017 ;2 Prior to the commencement of trial, both parties met in. chambers to discuss preliminary matters with the Court. N.T. at 3. Attorney .James Robinson discussed Defendant' s.pro se Motion inlimine thatwas denied. N:t. at 3. He indicated that.Defendant was previously told by Judge McComiick in court thathe could present his Motion in Limine on the date of trial. N.T. at 3. Attorney Robinson stated that.he did nothave a Motion in Limine to file in this case. N:T. atS, He additionally stated the following:

[Defendantjappears in his motion in Limine to be raising the issue of hearsay, that there's testimonial.hearsay that is going to come in that is. inadmissible.. 1 went through this file and I am of the conclusion that the .hearsay that! think he's speaking of is an Amber Lovelace who consented to allow the police into her residence. I know that .duringjury trials that the jury is allowed to hear certain background information in a case, and I think if the officer takes the stand and testifies that upon going to the apartment.thatMiss Lovelace-isthetenantallowed entry, that's fine..If I'm wrong, somebody CM tell me. But Lthink that's background information. Otherwise.d would object. But 1 don't want to make meritless obiections during the trial. ..

N:T, at 3-4, ltliti�ly, this Court was mistaken as tothe date of filing ofDefendant's Motion in Limine for trial. N. T. at 4-:6, Nevertheless, this Court stated:

an. So the motion we're t.a).king aboutis a combination of omnibus pretrial motion and a motion in Limine. The reason behind denying the motion. in Limine. is because Mr. Stanford had counsel, J believe ifs Mr. Robinson that should make any appropriate motions in Limine. I wasn't denying it substantively, I wanted to leave counsel with.any motions in Limine.

And further, ifhe's raising this issue as to hearsay and. this background asto why or how the police got into the apartment that day,! thinJ( that would be not offered for the truth ofthe matter, other than just to .say why the police were there.

2 To decrease the length of each citation, the' notes of testimony at trial will hereafter be referred to as "N.T." The.Jury Trial Proceedings in this matter occurred from October 2, 2017 to October 3,2017. 3

---·---·-··------- ·--------------------------·----- · N.T.at 5. AttomeyRobinson then responded:

Right. And I thirik the other issue he would raise is that he would clain; that the anonymoustip which.was called in is inadmissible.hearsay, My experience has been that ifthat,sjustbeing offeredfor background information; that such testimonyis permitted. Had he been charged With otheroffenses in conjunction with the firearm ch::u-ges.- he's only charged with felon in possession of a.firearm and carrying a firearm without a license. Hae! there been other charges filed along with this case, i probably would have filed a motion for bifurcated trial, But I r�1ly have no. motions in Limine, Judge;

N .T. at 5. This Court ultimately amended i4'l order to deny Defendant's Motion in.Limtne only. N.T.at.6. Jury selection began on October 2, 2017. During jury selection, each of the jurors were individually interviewed in a separate room regarding their juror questionnaire. Bofh parties were present during the. interview. For purposes of Defendant's Post-Sentence Motions, Juror Number 21 was individually interviewed regarding his juror questionnaire. Jury Selection Proceedings, October 2, 2017, · at2-6. He indicated in his. questionnaire thatsomeone close to him was the victim of a crime. Id at 2. Specifically, his mother was involved in a domestic Incident which resulted in his presence in court. Id. Juror Number 21 did not feel that there was anything about 1

this. incident which caused him to have such strong feelings that he could not be fair in the criminal trial. Id .at 2-3; 1-!e believed that he could keep the situation completely separate from the criminal trial, Id at 3. Juror Number 21 also indicated 'in.his questionnaire that someone close to him was charged With a crime. Id at 3. Specifically, his sibling was charged with rape and the case proceeded to trial; Id. Juror Number 21 did not participate in those proceedings. Id. His sibling was ultimately incarcerated at the conclusion of the-trial. lg. Juror Number 21 maintained that there was uothlng about the case, including how it was handled by law enforcement or within the courtsystem, which caused him to have really strong feelings to the point where he could not be fair during triaLld at .3-4. He felt that he could keep the situation completely separate from the criminal.trial. Id at 4, Additionally, Juror Number21 indicated in his questionnaire that someone close to him was ail· eyewitnessto a crime. Id. His answer pertained to. the same domestic incident thl:l,t he had previously discussed, Id'. Upon the conclusion of Juror Number 21 's interview, the Commonwealth exercised a peremptory challenge. Id. Defense Counsel requested that the Commonwealth provide its

4 reasons forthe peremptory challenge on the record due to the facttbat Juror 21 is African/American.. Id at4-S. The Commonwealth responded witbthefollowing:

YourHonor, ldon't believe that the case lawsupports a requirementthatI suggest reasons at this stage because I don't believe one peremptory based upon an · African/American person establishes a Batson argument. I would note we permitted another African/American on the juryjust a few moments ago.

Id� Defense Counsel was then asked to provide the basis for hls·requ.est Id. Defense Counsel stated:

Well, the basis.Your Honer, is with the defendant beingAfrican/American, my client wishes to have a jury of hispeere to the fullest extent possible. I just wanted the. Commonwealth to clarify its basis for or to establish.that there isn 'ta racially motivated reason for making the strike, Your Honor; ··

Id. Defense Counsel W�J;s, unaware of any case law or statutes in support ofhis request. Id. In. response, this Court stated:

I don't believe that'there's any sort of violation, especially in that we already have at least one.juror rightnow who is an African/American. So; I am g(}ing to permit.this juror to be stricken pursuant to the Commonwealth's peremptory Number 3 ..

Id atS-6. The remalning.jurors were thereafter selected for Defendant's trial. Trial commenced following jury selection on October 2, 2017. The Commonwealth first presented the testimony ofSergeant Uncapher.ltT. at 43. Atthetime of trial, Sergeant Uncapherwas employed by the Allegheny Township Police· Department, N.T. a.t 44. He worked for thepolice department for twenty-four (74) yearaN'T, at 44. Sergeant Uncepherworkedas a patrolman at the time of the incident.in 2014. N.T; at 44. He spent the majority of his time working "on the road" rather thanat the station. NiT. at44. Sergea,nt Uncapher's duties as a patrolman included accident investigation, general investigation, patrol operations, and answeringcalls for service. N.T .. at44. In addition> he would assist local police departments upon request. N�T� at44-.45. He also assisted other agencies in the past with the service of arrest warrants. N.!. at 44:.45. Sergeant Uncapher testified that, in addition to receiving the written

-----..----------·----------------------------------- warrant, he can verify the validity of a warrant by contacting Westmoreland County91 L N .T. at 4.5. Westmoreland County 911 will confirm or denythe warrant by running anNCIC search of the individual's name. N.T. at45. On December 21,.2014, SergeantUncapher was dispatched by Westmoreland County 911 to the Sandalwood apartment complex (hereinafter "Sandalwood"), N;T. a:t46. The)' received an anonymous tip that Defendant was located at.Sandalwood andthere was.anactive warrant forhis arrest. N.T. at 46, 61. Sergeant Uncapher was also informed that Defendant was potentially armed with a weapon. N. T. at 46, 61. He confirmed that there was an active warrant for Defendant's arrestthroughWestmorelandCount 911. N.T. at 46. Westmoreland CountPl l advised Sergeant Uncapher that there was an active warrant for Defendant.out of Pennsylvania State Parole. N.T. at 46. He was notaware of Defendant prior to this incident, N.T. a:t45-46. He believed that the apartment was rented by Amber Lovelace, but he did not know this information prior to serving the warrant. N. T. at4 7. Sergeant Uncapher requested assistance from Officer Hosack.in.servingthe warrant. N.T. a.t 47.At the time oftrial, Officer'Hosack-was no longer employed by the Allegheny Township Police Department. N�T; at 61. SergeantUncapher testified that he was familiar with Sandalwood as a police officer, N.T.. at 47. J�Ie described Sandalwood as a row of five (5),.tw.o-st.ory apartments with a downstairs living and kitchen area and upstairs bedrooms and arestroom. N.T at48. Upon · e ,

arrival to.Sandalwood, Sergeant Uncapher reported directly to the apartment in which Defendant was allegedly present. N .T. at 4 7. He observed that the front door of the apartment was open and approximately.five (5) to ten (10) individuals were located throughout the firstfloor, N.T, at 48, 62.. 63. Sergeant Uncapher announced his presence tcthe.individuals and Lovelace immediately approached.the door. N.T. a\ 4� ..He was notfamiliar with.Lovelace prior to serving the warrant N.T. at 48. Sergeant Uncapher testified that Lovelace was "very friendly" and she did notobject to him being ather home. Nff. at 48. He asked for permission. from Lovelace to enter the home. N:T. at 49.� She confirmed that Defendant was in the apartment and was located in the upstairs bedroom. N.T. at 49. Sergeant Uncapher did ncrattemprto speak with the other individuals in the apartment because it was "so loud." and there were "so many people there." N;T. at 63 .. He maintained that hewss riot familiar with Defendant priorto this incident and. he did not.receive anythingthat.would allowhim to identify Defendant N.T. at 49.

6 Officer Hosack subsequently approached Sergeant Uncapher and Lovelace from the back · door of the apartment. N. T. at SO. Sergeant Uncapher and Officer Hosack reported to the upstairs bedroom. N.T. at 50. In the bedroom; they observed a male lying ona bed Where Defendant was reportedly located. N;T., at 50. Tli.�individiuµ was lateridentified as Defendant. N.T. at 51. Defendant was the only individuallocated in the. bedroom. N.T. at 71. Sergeant Uncapher testified thatthey shouted for Defendant andannounced theirpresence, but Defendantdid not. respond. N.T. at 50. Sergeant Uncapher assumed Defendant was sleeping. N.T. at 65. Sergeant Uncapher and Officer Hosack subsequently began handcuffing Defendant aiid he woke up. N.T. at 51. Sergeant Uncapher explained who they were to Defendant and why they were there. N.T. at 51. He testified that Defendant was.dressed in a tank top and a pair of dark colored] eans that day. N.T; at 51. Sergeant.Uncapher searched Defendant and Officer Hosack maintained control of Defendant during the search'. N.T. at 51.:52.·Sergeant Uncapher could not recall if Defendant was sitting or standing during the, search. N.T. at66.;67. He testified, however, that an individual is generally standing when he conducts a search. N:T. at 66,. 67. Defendant did not present any problems during the search. N.T.at52. Officer Hosackindicated that a weapon was present.in Defendant's "crotcharea" and officer Hosack retrieved.an automatic pistol fromthis area. N.T: at 52. Sergeant Uncapher subsequently "cleated" the firearm .. N .T; at 53. He testified that "clearing" the firearm consists of emptyingthe firearm's magazine.andunchamber-of any rounds. N.T. at 53. H'.e. did not discover anyroundsin the firearm's chamber; but he did recover eight (8) rounds in the fireerm's magazine. N .T; at 53. Sergeant Uncapher described the firearm. as anine-millimeter Taurus.PT24/7. N.T.at53. After Sergeant Uncapher cleared the. weapon, he returned to his station. N. T .. at St He entered the firearm into evidence and placed it into an evidence.locker, N.T. at 54. The.firearm was also submitted to the.Crime Lab; N.T:at 57 .. The bullets were eventually destroyed in accordance with. the department's policy against retaining ammunition. N.J, at 71-72. Sergeant Uncapher contacted Pennsylvania State Parole and advised them that-Defendant was in custody, N :T. at57. Defendant was transported backto the. Allegheny Township Police Departmentand was taken to the.processing room and holding cell. N:T. at 58. Sergeant, Uncapher testified that Defendant requested to speak withhim.while he was entering charges and evidence. N ;T. at. 58. More specifically, Defendant was willing to speak with him if.it "helps him

7 out" N .T. at 58. Sergeant Uncapherread Detendant.his Miranda rights, which are generally read. from a departmental form. N;T. at59, 72 .. Defendant indicated that he still wished to speak with Sergeant Uncapher. N.T. at 59. Defendant allegedly told Sergeant Uncapher that he was aware that he was a felon and was not.to possess a firearm. N.T. at 59; Defendant also stated that he was at the apartment on the night priot to the incident and was "hanging out'� with Lovelace. N.T. at 59. At one point, Defendant supposedly met arnalewhowas knownas ••Jay.';N;T, at 59; Defendant allegedly purchased marijuana from Jay the night before and Jay possessed the fireemrthatwas subsequently found on Defendant. N.T. at 59. Sergeant Uncapher testified that Defendant agreed to hold the weapon for Jay and hefell asleep with it in his pants, N.t. at 6(). Sergeant Uncapher was not aware if Jay was present at the apartment on the date ofthe incident. N.T. at 63-64. Sergeant.Uncapher subsequentlyprepared a police report of the incident. N.t. at 69, He did not obtain a written statement from Defendant and did not provide a specific reason as to why he did not take a written statement, :tq;T. at 69-70, He did, however, state that Defendant did not provide much information to him aside from the name "Jay." N .T. at 70. Sergeant Uncapher asked questions to the other residents of Sandalwood regarding Jay, butno one could confirmhis i.dentity. N. T. � 70. Additionally, he identified "Cade Kennemuth" as the last registered owner of the firearm found on Defendant. N .T. at 73.. The Commonwealth thereafter presentedthetestitnony ofOfficer Seth Hosack. N.T: at. 73-74. At the time oftrial, Officer Hosack was employed by the New Kensington Police Department-as a police officer. N.T. at 74, He worked as a police. officer for thirteen (l3) years. N.T. af74. On the date of the incident, OfficerHosack was employed by the Allegheny Township Police Department.as a patrolman, N:T'. at 74. Officer Hosack testified that he received information that a wanted individual was armed.at Sandalwood. N.T. at 74-75. Officer Hcisackarid.Serg�anJUncapherteported to Sandalwood. N.T. at75.. Upon their arrival, Sergeant Uncapher traveled to the front.and Officer Hosack we11t to the back. oftb,e residence. N:T. at 7 5. He testified that the back door of the apartment was open. N .T. at 75. At. one point, Officer Hosack observed Sergeant Uncapher speaking withLovelace, N.T. at 75 .. He testified that Lovelace did not .appear to be agitated with their presence and the individuals at the apartment were'very nice.', N.T. at 75. Lovelace allegedly.indicatedthat Defendant.was upstairs in the bedroom. N.T. at 76.

8 Officer Hosack and Sergeant Uacapheu proceeded to the tips1:ai.rs bedroom of the apartment, N.T. at 76; Officer Hosack testified thatan individual appeared to be sleeping in the bedroom. N. T, at 7 6. This individual was lateridentified as Defendant, N. T, at 7 6-77. Officer Hosack holstered. his weapon and held hisTaser to protect Sergeant Uncapher as he .apprehended Defendant.. N. T. at 7 6. 'Officer Hosack thereafter searched Defendant while he was secured in handcuffs and lying on the bed. 1'1:T, at 76:-77. He couldnot recall the direction in which Defendant was lying. N.T. at 80.,.81. Officer Hosack testified thathe reached near Defendanfs "crotch area" and felt what he believed to be a.firearm based.on its shape, size, and density .. N.T; at76�77. He announced the presence of the weapon while searching Defendant and retrieved a firearm with "some difficulty." N.T. at 76:.11. Officer Hosack. testified that Defendant was wearingmultiple layers of clothing and the firearm was found in the frontflap of Defendant's longunderwear.N.T. at 77-78, 8L Officer Hosack gave Sergeant Uncapher the weapon while he. secured Defendant, N.T; at 78, Sergeant Uncapher "cleared" the weapon. N.t. at 78. They subsequently proceeded to the police. station. N.T. at 78; Sergeant Uncapher filed Defendant's charges, N. T. at 78. Officer Hosack was not present for any statements made by Defendant. at the police station .and he did not participate in the. investigation. ofDefendant's case. N.T, at 78-.7.9, 81. He was also not aware of any fingerprint evidence that may have been'recevered from the firearm. N.T. at 81-:82. Sergeant Uncapher was thereafter called again by the Commonwealth to testify. N .T. at 82�84; The Commonwealthrequested the opportunity to brieflyquestion Sergeant Uncapher in response to. questions asked by Defense Counsel regarding fingerprint or DNA evidence on the firearm. N:T. at82,-84, Sergeant Uncapher was familiar with the availability of'fingerprint and DNA testing at the State Police Crime Lab in Greensburg. N. T. at 85. He testified that these tests maybe costlydependingonthe number of'teststhat arerequired. N;T. at 85 •. SergeantUncapher does not generally consider this in determiningwhether to submit items for fingerprint or.DNA · testing; unless there is a. subsequent AFI.S bit on a ballistics cartridge. N .T; at85. He testified that it is. notcommon to. submit items that are found 011 a person' S body for fingerprin; or DNA testing. N.T. at 8.5. Sergeant Uncapher was not.aware of the exactnumber that it would havecost to perform testing in the instant case. N.T. at86.. He estimated, however, that the cost to perform testing could have. been "in the thousands." N.T; at 86 .. Sergeant Uncapher testified that, to his

·-----..··-····--- ------------------------------------- knowledge, the firearm that was found.on'Defendantwas never testedforfingerprints.N'I'. at 86. Upon the conclusion of the Commonwealth's case, Defense Counsel moved for a judgment of acquittal with.respect to bothofDefendaiit'schar$eS. NJ'.'. .at 92. He argued that the case began with an. anonymous tip andthe testimony of Lovelace and the individual who. made the anonymous tip were not presented by the Commonwealth in this case. N.T. at92-93. Defense. Counsel maintained that the Commonwealth provided the testimony of the officers only, w�o indicated that Defendant hada firearm, N.1'. at 92-93. Ultimately, he claimed that the Commonwealth was unable to establish that Defendant had the intent to possess, control, or use or carry a firearm. N ..T. �t 93. Defense.Counselreiterated that Defendant was sleeping in the bed and allegedly had the firearm on his person. N;T, at 93. He averred that insufficient evidence was presented to establish that.Defendant had the requisite intent for these charges to be submitted to the jury. N;T. at 93. Furthermore.he restated that the gun was never processed for printsor DNA evidence. N.T. at 93. Defense Counsel's Motion was noted for the record and denied. N.T. at 93.. This Court found that.there was sufficientevidence for: the charges to be sent to the jury; N. .T. at 93. Defendant additionally testified at trial regarding the incident.N .T; at 95-96. On the date prior . to Defendant's arrest). he travelled to Lovelace's apartmentat Sandalwood, N.T; at 96'-98. He identified Lovelace as his friend, Defendant stated that he knew Lovelace for about a month and SergeantUncapher's statement thathe knew her for approximately two (2) weekswas incorrect. N .T .. at 97, 11 7� Defendant testified that there were about four (4) to five (5) other .. individuals present atLovelace' s apartment. N.TA�t97. He was not familiar with all of the individuals, N; T. at .98. He did recall.however, that one of'the individuals was named Zach Ferguson. N.T. at 98. At the aparfment, they were "smoking, hanging out, laughing, watching videos, [and] movies," N:T. at 98. Ataround 1 :00 or 2:00 a.m., Defendant fellasleep in the upstairs masterbedroom of the apartment. N.T. at 97: He did not recall informing Sergeant Uncapher thathe fell asleep atapproximately4:00 a.m. and indicated that his statementwas incorrect. N.T'. at 113. Defendant testified that there.were two (2) bedrooms located in the apartment; N:T. at 99. Additionally, t10 one else was present in the bedroom. with Defendant when he went to sleep; however, several other individuals were still present inthe apartment at the time he went.to sleep and they were mostly downstairs. N.T; at 99 •

.10 Defendant woke upfrom stewing while he was being handcuffed. N .T. at 99- 100. He testified thathe heard the officer announce his presence and request Defendant's identity. N. T. at 1.00. Defendant announced his identity to the officer. N..T. at 100. Defendant denied obtaining a firearm from anyone and testified that a firearm was not located on his person at the time he went tosleep. N. T. at �.oo. Defendant also claimed tll.atbe.neve,r observed the firearm that he was ·charged with possessing. N;T, at fOO. He testified that he did hot know that he had an active warrant outfor his arrest due to missing a parole appointment. N .I. at 100-1 or. Defendant was . .searched while he was being handcuffed. N .T .. at l 02. He testified thathe was lying on his. right shoulder during the searchand the officer helped him get out of bed, N.T. at 102. Additionally, he testified that-Sergeant Uncapher's statement as to what he was wearing was incorrect and he was not.wearing long underwear orjeanswhen he woke up .. N.J! at 1.02,.115-116.He also stated thathe was not wearing gym shorts. N:T� at l15. Rather, Defendantclaimed thathe was dressed ina white tank top, boxers, and socks at.the time he was handcuffed; N.T. at l01-l02. He testified that he asked to put on his pants and shoes after he was handcuffed and the .officers permitted him to do so.N�T. at 101, 114-11,S. He also stated that one of the officers assisted him. with putting additional clothing on. N,T. at 101,.114. Additionally.Defendant put onlong jobns. N. T. at. 114-115 -. Defendant also testlfied that he was searched by the officers after he was permitted to put on his additional.clothing. N. T. at U 4. He also did not.recall seeing anyone else. arrested at theapartment.N,'I'. at 118. Defendant recalls signing .·f:\ document entitled "Consti tutional Rights" on the date· of the focident that was prepared by Sergeant Uncapher, N.T, at l03- lQ4. Defendant testified that he. was located in the Allegheny Township Police Department holding eel, while. signing the document N.T; at 104. The document informed Defendant.of his rights and included a statement providing that the officer.read Defendanthis rights and Defendant understood what his rights· were; N. T. at. l 04; U 1. Additionally; it provided that.Defendant was willing to make a statement and answerthe questions asked of'him. N:T. at ll l. It.also stated that Defendant did not wish to have a. lawyer present, N,T; at 11 L The document further indicated that no promises or threats · had been made to induce Defendant to make a statement and no pressure or coercion of any kind had been used against him. N.T .. at 111. Defendant spoke voluntarily with Sergeant Uncapher after signing the document, N.T. at 105. Defendanttestified that Sergeant Uncapher asked himif he was wilting to answer a, few questions and he agreed. N. T. at 1 OS. Defendant denied initiating

---·--·····-·--- ·---- ·----------------------------------- the conversation with Sergeant Uncapher and stating that he wouldlike to help himselfoutif he. could. N :T. at 1 OS, 119. He-testified that. Sergeant Uncapher did not provide him with the option to have his statement.written or recorded. N.T. at 119�120. Defendanttestified that Sergeant Uncapher's partner was also present during his questioning.N.T. atl20.DefendantallegecllytoldSergeantUncapherthat he was at Sandalwood· for one (l)or two (2) days and he knew Lovelace, N.T. at 105. Defendant also informed Ser&earit Uncapher that he thought Lovelace was a "good person" and they did not have a romantic relationship. N.T. ·at 106, Additionally, Defendant told SergeantUncapherthathe knew Lovelace for about a month. N.T. at 106. He testified that.he knewhe.had a warrant issued by probation and parole due to missing a scheduled appointment with bis parole officer. N.T. at106. Rte also informed Sergeant Uncapher that he had afew discrepancies with probation and parole regarding working and missing appointments. N:T. at 106-107. Defendant was aware that hewas not allowed to possess any firearms. N,T. at 107, 116. Defendant did not questionSergeant Uncapher when he. was asked ifhe knewhewas not allowed to.possess a firearm. N.T. at 116 e•

Instead, Defendant stated that he was.not "worried about it" because he did not have anythingto do·with;the·fiteatm, N;T. atl l6!Defeildant.de.nied having

.... --······--··-·-"-"····-·-· -·-··----------------------------------- firearm and the officer did not notify him. that he was in possession of a firearm. N. T. at 109. Defendant alleged that he did not know Which firearm the officer was referring to> but he assumed 'that the officer was referencing the firearm that Defendantobserved in the front seat of the police vehicle. N! T. at 109. Defendant testified that he was handcuffed and. seated in the back seS:t of the police vehicle, N:T. at.109::.110, Hewasableto observe the: firearm-although.there was a glass partition separating the front and the back.seats, N.T. at 112�113. Defendant stated th�t the firearm he observed was the same firearm that was presented in the courtroom during trial. N. 'Lat. 110. This was allegedly the rrrst time Defendant had viewed the firearm. N .T. at 112. Defendant testified that he was not ccnoemed with the firearm because it was not found on his person.N''Lat 109, 112. He did.not question the fact that he was being asked about a firearm and he was not troubled by this because he had "nothing to do with it," N� T. at 116. Defendant did not recall hearing anyone state the terms "gun," "weapon," or "firearm" in the apartment. N.T. at.112 .. He also did not remember the officers. evermentioning.a firearmwhile they were in the apartment and when he was awakened from his sleep. N. T.·at l 12, Defendant.testified that he did not se.e any police officers carrying a gun O\:Jt of the house withhim. N.T. at 112. Overall; Defendant believed that he was innocent of the charges that were filed against him. N. T. at 11 O. Defendant was µltimately found guilty ofboth charges by the jury. Sentencing was deferred and a Pre-Sentence Investigation was ordered. Sentencing occurred before this Court. oh Jani.1aiy23f 2018. A.t Count 1, Defendant was sentenced to four (4) toten (10) years of · incarceration: He Wa$ given credit for time served, from September 19, 2017 · to September 20, 2017 � and from October 3, 2017 and.up to the date of sentencing; Defendant was ordered to undergo a mental health evaluation, follow recommended treatment, and pay costs, The. cpµtr�band/firearm was to be seized, forfeited, and destroyed by the Pennsylvania State Police. · Defendant's Motion for Extraordinary Relief was denied .. At Count 2, Defendant was sentenced · to three (3) to seven (7) years .of state incarceration concurrent to Count 1, Defendant was ordered not to possess any firearms. Defense Counsel' s Motion to Withdraw as Counsel was granted.and AttorneyKenneth.Nogawas appointed ascounsel for.the purposes ofDefendant's appeal. 'Defendant submitted a pro se Motion for Post-Sentence Reliefon January 23, 2018. Defense Counsel was granted twenty (20) days to submit Amended Post-Sentence Motions to the Court.. Defense Counsel's subsequent request-for an extension oftime.to file Amended Post- Sentence Motions was granted. Defendant filed Amended Pest-Sentence Motions on March 6,

13 2018. Defendantwas ordered to submit a brief in support. of hi& Post-Sentence Motions within thirty (30)days. The Commonwealth was orderedto file a briefinresponse withln thirty (30) days upon receipt of Defendant's brief. Defendant filed a Brief in Support of Post-Sentence Motions on AprilB, 2018. The Commonwealth's subsequent Motion for Continuance of Time to File.. a Briefin Opposition to Defendants Post Sentence Motions was. granted. The Commonwealth riled. a Briefin Opposltion.to.Defendant's Post-Sentence Motions on May 8, 2018.

STIPULATION

The parties stipulated to the following facts during trial:

· The parties stipulate.that Corporal Robert Hagins. of the Pennsylvania State Police Crime Lab· is an expert ln the field of firearms operability and identification.. Corporal Hagins would have testified that.he received the Taurus PT24 nine-millimeter handgun, TBS 61S11, andmagazinewhich were.admitted as Commonwealth's.ExhibitNumber L Corporal Hagins would further testify that he test fired: the firearm using factory nine- millimeter ammunifion and found it to function as designed, Further, the parties stipulate that if called, Agent Martin Voj acek, of the Pennsylvania: Board of Probation and Parole would testify that, atthe time of this incident, the defendanthad previously been convicted of a felony violation of'the Controlled Substance, Drug, Device, and Cosmetic Act. Further, Agent Vojacekwould testify that the Board of Probation and parole had issued a warrantfor the arrest of Mr . Stanford which was valid and active on December 21, 2014. And further; the. parties stipulate that the defendant did not posses� a valid lawfully issued lioenseto.carry a firearm onDecember 21,2()14.

N.'t.at88·.

DISCUSSION

I. Sufficiency of the Evidence

Defendant claims that the Verdict at all counts was not supported by sufficient evidence; Def.ts Br. p.6; In Commonwealth v. Brown, the Pennsylvania Superior Court stated:

l4 The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence 'is whether viewing �11 the evidence admitted at trial in the light most favorable to the verdict winner, there is sufficient evidence to enable the fact-finder to firid every demerit qffhe crime.beyond a reasonable doubt fu.applying the above test, we may not weigh the evidence and substitute our j:udgibent forthefact-finder. In addition, we notethatthe facts and circumstances established by the Commonwealth need not preclude every possibility of innocence. Any doubts regarding.a defendant's guilt maybe reselved.bythe fact..finder unless the evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter oflaw no probability of fact may be drawn from the combined circumstances. The Commonwealth may sustain its burden of proving every element of the crime beyond a reasonable dotib(by means of wholly circumstantial evidence. Moreoyer,:in applying theabove test, the entire record. must be evaluated and all evidence actually received must be considered. Finally; the trier of'fact while passing upon the credibility of.witnesses and the weight of the.evidence preduced.Jsfree tobelieve allparternone ofthe evidence.

Commonwealth v. Brown. 2.� A.3d 544, 559-560 (Pa.Super. Ct. 2011) (enbcinc) citing Commonwealth v� Hutchinson, 947 A.2d 800, 805..,.0(i (Pa. Super. Ct. 2008), _gp_peal denied, 602. Pa. 663, 98.0 A.2d 606 (2009) (quoting Commonwealth v. Androlewicz. 911 A.2d 162. 165 (Pa. Super. Ct 2006)). Defendant argues that there was insufficient evidence for the jury to find him. guilty .at both counts. AtCount 1, Defendant wasfound guilty under the following statute:

(a) Offense (!dined.-

(1} .A person who. has been convicted. of an offense enumerate in subsection (b). within or without this Commonwealth, regardless of the.Iengthofsentencaoe whose conduct meets the criteria in subsection (c) shall not possess, use, control, sel I, transfer; or manufacture or obtain a license to possess, use. control, sell, transfer, or manufacture a firearm in.this Commonwealth.

to (c) Other persons-c-In addition any person who has been convicted of any offense listed under subsection (b), the.following persons shall be subject to the prohibition of subsection (a);

(2) A person who has been convictedof an offense under the act of April 14, 1972 . (P.L. 233, No. 64); known as TheContrclledSubstance, Drug, Device.and Cosmetic Act, or any equivalent Federal statute or equivalent statute of any other state.fhat may be punishable QY a: term.ofimprisonment exceeding two years.

15 18 Pa. C.S.A. § 6105(a), (c)(2),, At Count 2; Defendant was found gi,rilty under the following statute:

(a) Offense.defined.-

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), any person who carries ci firearm in any vehicle or any person who carries a firearm concealed on or about bis person, except in his place efabode .or fixedplace of business, without a valid and lawfully issuedlicense under this chapter commits a felony ofthe third degree.

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6106(a)(l). This Court finds that the jury was .presented with sufficient evidence during trial that could lead them to believe that Defendant was guilty of both charges. The Commonw�altb. introduced the firearm that was allegedly found on Defendant and its magazine as Commonwealth'sExhibit Number.I. N.T, at 54, .88. The parties stipulated to several factsthat were read to the jury. N.T. at &8. Specifically, the parties stipulated to the testimony of Corporal Robert Hagins, who would have testified as to the characteristics of the firearm that was found on Defendant. N.T. at 88. Additionally-theparties stipulated to thetestimony ofAgent Martin Vojacek, who would have testified that Defendant had previously been convicted of a felony violation of the Controlled Substance, Drug; Devicecand Cosmetic Act.N.T. at 88; The parties also stipulated that the Board ofProbation and Parole had issued a warrant for Defendant's arrest that was active on December 21, 2014,andDefendant did not possess a valid lawfully issued license to carry a firearm on that date. N.T. at 88. The Commonwealth presented the testimony of:Sergeant Uncapher and Officer Hosack. Sergeant Uncapher stated that there was a warrant for Defendant's arrest from Pennsylvania State Parole. N.T. at.46 •. Sergeant Uncapher and Officer Hosack testified that they reported to Sandalwood and found Defendant sleeping in the upstairs bedroom in Lovelace, s apartment, N.T. at47.;48, 50-51, 76-77. They both testified that Defendant was handcuffed arid searched. N.T. at 51-52, 76-77; · Officer .Hosack allegedly indicated that a weapon was present in Defendant's "crotch area" and he retrieved an automatic pistol from the front flap of the long underwearthatDefendent was wearing. N;T. at 52, 76 ..77, 81. SergeantUncaphertestifiedthat Defendant indicated he was willing to speak with him if.it would "help him out," N;T. at 58. Defendant allegedly informed Sergeant Uncapher that he knew he was a felon and was not to 16 possess a firearm. N.T.at 59. Defendant also allegedly stated thatJaypossessed the firearm that was found on him the.nightbefore and.Defendant agreed to "hold" the weapon for Jay; N.T. at 59-60. Defendant allegedly-told Sergeant Uncapher thathe fell asleep with the weapon in his · pants. N.T. at 60; Sergeant Uncapher additionally provided reasons as to why fingerprint or DNA evidence was not taken from.the firearm. N,T. at 82-86. Defendant disagreed with the majority ofthe testimony presented by the Commonwealth and Defendant testified that h� is innocent of'the charges.thatwere-filed agains; him. N.T. at 110. The jury heard conflicting testimony as to what Defendant was wearing ob. the date of the mcident. N�T. at 51, 77-78, 101-102, t15-116. Additionally, Defendant denied making the alleged statements to Sergeant Uncapher.. N.t. at 105�109, 118 .. Defendant testifiedthathe did. not initiate a conversation with Sergeant Uncapher while he was in the AlleghenyTownship Police Department holding celLN.T; at 104�105, 119. Defendant claimed that a firearm was not located on his person at the time he went to sleep and he never observed the firearm that hewas charged with possessing tiritil after he was in custody in the police vehicle! N.T. at lOO, 109, 112, 117" l l8. The jury, however, was free to believe all OT none of'Defendant's.testimony. Defendant-also argues.that the Commonwealth failed to introduce any.substantive verification of the testimony presented and produced no physical evidence, Pef.;s Br. at5"'.6, Specifically, Defendant argues that the Commonwealth failed to produce any recording or transcripts of the anonymous call to 911 dispatchers and the Commonwealth failed tq call Lovelace to verify her alleged statements. Def.' s BJ;. at 5. This Court agrees with the Commonwealth that this evidence has "no healing on the question of whether the Commonwealth submitted.sufficient evidence to thejury," Cc,:rnmw.'sBr. at Z .. Additionally, Defendant argues that the testimony of the officers during trial contradicts earlier statements made hy Sergeant Uncapher that he, rather than Officer Hosack, searched Defendant. Def.'s Br. at 2 n.l, 6. This fact, however, is notdispositive. Viewing .all of the evidence in a light most favorable to the Commonwealth.as the verdict winner, this. Court. finds that there was sufficient evidence to enable the jury to find each element of the crimes charged, The jury was free to consider and believe all or none of the evidence.presented to it and this Courtfinds no error in the jury's determination.

17 a. Weight of the. Eviden.ce

Defendant also argues thatthe verdict was against the weight of the evidence, Def. 's Post-Sentence Motions, at 3. "A trueweight of the evidence challenge concedes that sufficient evidence exists to sustain the verdict but questions which evidence is to be believed." Commonwealth v. Lewis, 91LA.2d 558, 566.(Pa. Super; Ct. 2006) (quoting Commonwealth v� Hunzer, 868 A.2d 498, 507 (P�. Super. Ct 2005), appeal denied, 880 A.2d 12:37 (Pa. 2005)). As .stated in. several. cases for legal precedent, the weight of the evidence is exclusively for the finder of fact who is free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence and to determine the credibility of the-witnesses, Id. at 565.: furthermore> lit new trial should only be 'awarded When the "verdictis so contrary to the evidence as to shock one's sense ofjustice." Commonwealth v� Miller, 724 A.2d 895., 901 {Pa. 1999). For the aforementioned reasons, this Court finds that.the verdictwas not against the weight of the evidence. Toe verdict is not so· contrary to the evidence as to "shock one's sense of justice."

Il. · Motion to Suppress

Defendant argues that the Court of Common Pleas erred in denying the Defendant's pro se Motion to Suppress. Def 's Post-Sentence Motions, at3. Specifically, Defendant argues that "the-arresting officers lackedthe requisite probable cause to pursue the Defendant based oil an anonymous tip," Def.' s Post-Sentence Motions, at 3. This Court agrees that anonymous tips-are generally unreliable and anonymous calls alone are not.sufficient to establish reasonable· suspicion of criminal activity. Coi:rii:nonwealth v. Goodwin, 7 50 A..2d 79S, 798 (Pa .. 2000); Def.ts Br. at 7. However, in the case sub judice, Sergeant Uncapher relied on more thanjust the anonymous tip when proceeding to Sandalwood. After leamlng of the anonymous tip, Sergeant Uncapher had Westmoreland.County 911 run Defendant' s name and Westmoreland County confirmed that there was an active warrant for Defendant's arrest out of Pennsylvania State Parcle.N'I'. at 46. Sergeant Uncapher thereafter proceeded to Sandalwood based on this information. }tT. at 46-47. This Court agrees with the reasoning of the Suppression Court. The anonymous call merely led SergeantUncapher to further his investigation. N.H. at 43.-45� 47. Additionall y,this· Court agrees.that the anonymous tip did not give rise to an unlawful entry into the apartment.and an unwarranted search of Defendant. Commw.tsBr. at 4.Rather, Sergeant

18 Uncapher and Officer Hosack obtained voluntary consent from Lovelace to enter the apartment and Lovelace notified them tluit Defendant was upstairs. N.T: at 49 ..Defendant's Motion to Suppress was properly denied,

Ifl, Motion in Limine

Defendant argues.that the Court of Common Pleas erred in denying Defendant's pro se Motion in Limine "regarding the testimony ofAmber Lovelace; whose hearsay testimony was presented to the jury during trial." Def. 's Post-Sentence Motions, at 3. Hearsay is iriadinissible, except under certain circumstances ..Pa; R. E. 802. The Pennsylvania.Rules of Evidence provide the following in pertinent part:

(c) Hearsay; "Hearsay" means a statement that:

(1) the declarant does not make while testifying at the .current trial or hearing; and ·(2) a party offers in evidence to prove the truth of thematterassertedin the statement.

Pa. It E. 80l(c): This Court.recognizes.Judge McCormick's statement at Defendant's Omnibus Pretrial Motions Hearing on October 24, 2016, that Defendant's pro se Motion inLimine was to be "dealt with at the time of trial to determine whether there are orthere aren't any hearsay that are applicable at the time of trial.t'N'H. at 45. However, Defendant was not represented by counsel at the time he filed his Motion in Limtne, Defendant was later appointed counsel by this Court. Defendant's pro se Motion in Limine was primarily denied because he was represented by Attorney Robinson at the time of trial. N:T. at 5.ThisCourfwanted to leave counsel with any Motions in Limine. N.T. at 5. Attorney Robinson did not wish to make any Motions in Limine .and he believed that Defendant' s pro.se Motion in Limine was without merit. N.T. at '.3�5. Additionally, this Court fmds tbat.Defendant's Motion in Limine regarding the statements of Lovelace that were presented during trial is without merit/The stat.eD1ents are not hearsay · because-they were not offered for thetruth of the matter asserted therein. N.T. at 5. Sergeant Uncaphertestified that Lovelace gave him permission to enter the home and she indicated that Defendant was present in the upstairs bedroom of �e apartment, N;T. at49. Officer Hosack confirmed that Lovelace made these statements, N:T. at 76. An out of court statement offered to explain the.witness's course. of conduct is not hearsay; Commonwealth v� Rega, 933 A.2d 997,

19 .. . ,.

1017 (Pa, 2007); Def.ts Br. at9; Lovelace's statements were notused to prove that Defendant was located in the upstairs bedroom, Rather; they were used. to show Sergeant Uncapberand Officer Hosack's actions and the reasons for their actions; therefore, they were riot offered for the truth of the matter· asserted therein and they ate not considered hearsay .

. JV. Peremptory Strike of Juror

Finally, Defendant.argues that "the Court. of Common Pleas erred in. overruling the Defendant' s objection to the Commonwealth's use ofa peremptory strike art Juror. Number 21, who was excluded on the basis of race in violation of Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79 (1986)." I)ef.'s Post-Sentence Motions, at 3.. A defendant has the burden to establish a prima facie case of purposeful discrimination based solely on evidence concerning the prosecutor's exercise of peremptory challenges at trial. Batson, 476 U.S. at 96. in order to establish, a prim a facie easel the defendant must first showtnat he is a member of a cognizable racial group and the prosecutor has exercised peremptory challenges to remove members of the defendant' s race from the venire, Id. The defendant may rely on the .fact that "peremptory challenges constitute a jury selection practice that permits those to discriminate who ate of a mind to discriminate;" Id, Finally, the defendant must show that these facts raise an.inference that the prosecutor used that practice to exclude the veniremen based on their race. Id. A trial court should consider all relevant . . circumstances in determiningwhether Defendant has established a prima facie case of purposeful discrimination. Id. Once.Defendant hE\S established a primafacie case ofpurposeful. discrimination, the burden then shifts to the Commonwealthto provide a neutral explanatj.onfor challenging the blackjurors, Id at 97.. The prosecutor's explanation does not need to rise to the level that wouldjustify the exercise ofa challenge for cause: Id. Additionally, the prosecutor may uotrebut the defendant's prima facie case by stating that he challenged jurors based on his intuitive-judgment that they would be partial to the defendant due to their shared race. Id. The.. prosecutor also may not rebut the defendant's prima facie case by denying that he had a discriminatory motive or affirming his good faith in making selections. Id at98.. The trial court then must determine if the defendant has established purposeful discrimination, Id; In view ofall of the relevant circumstances, this Court finds that Defendant.failedto establish aprima faciecase of.purposeful discrimination based on the Commonwealth's use ofa peremptory strike on Juror Number 21 during trial. Defendantis black-and the Commonwealth

20 1 ...

exercised a: peremptory challenge of.Iuror NumberZ l, who is of.the same racial group as Defendant.Def.ts Br, at 11; JurySelectionProceedings, October 2, 2017; at 4-5, Defendant, however, has failed to show that these facts raise an inference thatthe prosecutor engaged in a practice to exclude veniremen based on race. As this Court stated duringjury selection, a.juror of the same racial group as Defendantwas already selected to Serve on thejuryat the time ofthe Commonwealth's peremptory strike of Juror N:i.unber 21, An additional juror, who was of the same racial group as Defendant, was also selected to serve oil the jury during trial. Overall, two (2) out of three (3) black jurors who werequestioned during voir dire were selected to serve.on the jury. Defendant argues that Juror Number 21' s answers during Jury selection do not provide a basis for exclusion and that the Commonwealthfailed to offer an explanation for its peremptory strike of Juror Number 21. Def.ts Br .. at 11. JurorNumber 21 affirmatively answeredmJJltipk questions in ]lisjufor questionnaire. Jury Selection Proceedings) at 2-4. Although Juror Number 2 I provided an explanation for each of his answers and he. indicated multiple times thatlie could remain impartial during trial, the. prosecuter was.nofprecluded from utilizing one of'his peremptory strikes. This factorisessentially of,110 consequence in determining whether Defendant established a.prima facie case of purposeful discrimination based on the Cotnmonwealth'spereniptorystrike.·A.dditionally,�suming arguendo that the burden.had shifted to the Commonwealth to provide a neutral explanation for challenging JurorNumbei:21, the Commonwealth's explanation does not need to rise to tlle level that would justify a challenge for cause. Batson, 47 6 U;S. �t 97.. As the Commonwealth indicated in its brief, "a party would never have.. a need torwaste" a peremptory challenge on a.potentlal juror who demonstrates they could not be fair." Commw .'s Br, at 8. Upon. consideration of the circumstances surrounding the . . . . . J exclusion of Juror Number 21, this-Court determined that there was no need for the. Oommonweelth to provide an explanation on the record for its peremptory challenge. Jury Selection Proceedings.rat . 5-6. Ultimately, . Defendantfailed.to.establish a prima . faciecase of .

purposeful discrimination and Juror Number 21 was, properly· stricken in accordance with the Commonwealth's peremptory challenge. Based on the foregoing, this Court hereby issues the fo llowing order:

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