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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA Appellant : : : v. : : : MWANGI SEKOU : No. 26 EDA 2024
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered December 14, 2023 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-1103481-2002
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA Appellant : : : v. : : : MWANGI SEKOU : No. 277 EDA 2024
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered January 17, 2024 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-1103491-2002
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA Appellant : : : v. : : : MWANGI SEKOU : No. 323 EDA 2024
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered January 17, 2024 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-1103501-2002 J-S41021-25 J-S41022-25 J-S41023-25
BEFORE: BOWES, J., BECK, J., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY BECK, J.: FILED DECEMBER 29, 2025
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania appeals from the order entered by
the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas on December 14, 2023,
granting Mwangi Sekou’s (“Sekou”) serial petition filed pursuant to the Post
Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”),1 vacating his judgment of sentence for his
convictions of third-degree murder, carrying a firearm on public streets in
Philadelphia, and possessing an instrument of crime at CP-51-CR-1103481-
2002 (“third-degree murder docket”), and awarding him a new trial. The
Commonwealth also appeals from the orders entered on January 17, 2024,
which vacated Sekou’s related judgments of sentence for his aggravated
assault and recklessly endangering another person convictions at CP-51-CR-
1103491-2002 and CP-51-CR-1103501-2002 (collectively, the “aggravated
assault dockets”). Because we conclude that the PCRA court erred in
determining that Sekou satisfied the newly-discovered fact exception to the
PCRA’s time bar, we reverse the PCRA court’s orders and reinstate his
convictions and judgments of sentence.
On July 19, 2002, Sekou shot Gavin Wright (“Wright”), Donald Frazier
(“Frazier”), and Tania Cerwithen (“Cerwithen”) after Sekou got into an
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546.
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altercation with Wright’s sister. Frazier and Cerwithen received treatment for
their injuries and ultimately survived, but Wright died from his gunshot
wounds. Police arrested Sekou and the Commonwealth charged him at the
three above-referenced dockets with first-degree murder, aggravated assault,
and related offenses. The case was initially certified as a capital murder trial.
The trial court appointed Attorney James Bruno to represent Sekou for trial.
On January 11, 2004, approximately two weeks before trial, Attorney
Bruno went to Curran-Fromhold Correctional Facility (“CFCF”) to discuss the
case with Sekou. When Attorney Bruno arrived at CFCF, however, Sekou
informed him that he had retained private counsel, Attorney Todd Henry, to
represent him at trial, and consequently, Attorney Bruno left the meeting. A
few days prior to trial, Attorney Henry filed a motion to continue the trial to
afford him time to gain familiarity with the case and because he was
unavailable on the dates set for trial. The trial court denied the continuance
motion, finding that Attorney Bruno was prepared for trial and Attorney Henry
was not available to represent him. The court also noted that Attorney Robert
Fulton had also been working on Sekou’s case as mitigation counsel and that
Sekou therefore had two attorneys representing him.
On February 8, 2004, following an eight-day trial during which Attorney
Bruno represented Sekou, the jury found Sekou guilty of third-degree murder,
carrying a firearm on public streets in Philadelphia, possessing an instrument
of crime, two counts of aggravated assault, and recklessly endangering
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another person. On April 6, 2004, the trial court sentenced Sekou on all three
dockets to an aggregate term of thirty-five to seventy-seven years in prison.
On August 31, 2005, this Court affirmed Sekou’s judgment of sentence.
See Commonwealth v. Sekou, 1888 EDA 2004 (Pa. Super. Aug. 31, 2005)
(non-precedential decision). On appeal, this Court rejected Sekou’s argument
that the trial court erred in denying his request for a continuance to allow
Attorney Henry time to prepare and make himself available for trial. Id. at 5-
8. We reasoned that the trial court had already granted Sekou five previous
continuances and concluded that he “was not prejudiced because [Attorney
Bruno] was prepared for trial, and [Sekou] was convicted only of third[-
]degree murder, a significantly lesser charge than the first[-]degree murder
charge [he] faced.” Id. at 7-8. Sekou did not file a petition for allowance of
appeal to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.
On January 26, 2006, Sekou timely filed his first PCRA petition, raising
various claims of ineffective assistance of counsel. Of relevance to the instant
appeal, Sekou argued that Attorney Bruno was ineffective for failing to request
a voluntary manslaughter jury instruction. The PCRA court denied the
petition, finding the record revealed that Sekou, “who was seeking an outright
acquittal, told [Attorney Bruno] not to argue or seek a charge on voluntary
manslaughter and that [Attorney Bruno] complied with his client’s wishes.”
PCRA Court Opinion, 8/9/2007, at 3. On October 27, 2009, this Court affirmed
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the denial of Sekou’s first PCRA petition. See Commonwealth v. Sekou,
1836 EDA 2007 (Pa. Super. Oct. 27, 2009) (non-precedential decision).
On July 26, 2012, and October 17, 2014, Sekou filed his second and
third PCRA petitions, respectively. The PCRA court denied both petitions as
untimely, finding that Sekou failed to successfully plead and prove an
exception to the PCRA’s time bar. This Court affirmed the denial of both PCRA
petitions.2 See Commonwealth v. Sekou, 2183 EDA 2015, 2016 WL
2844832 (Pa. Super. May 13, 2016) (non-precedential decision);
Commonwealth v. Sekou, 2014 WL 10918073 (Pa. Super. June 25, 2014)
(non-precedential decision).
On July 12, 2016, Sekou filed the instant PCRA petition, his fourth, at
the third-degree murder docket. Sekou retained counsel who filed an
amended PCRA petition. In the amended petition, Sekou argued that Attorney
Bruno was per se ineffective because Attorney Bruno failed to meet with him
prior to trial. See Amended PCRA Petition, 6/23/2017, ¶¶ 17-19. In an
attempt to satisfy the newly-discovered fact exception to the time-bar, he
asserted that he had recently discovered from an intra-prison newsletter that
on July 18, 2014, the Disciplinary Board of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
2 In both PCRA petitions, Sekou plead the newly-discovered fact exception to the PCRA’s time bar and sought to introduce evidence that he was not the individual who shot Wright, Frazier, and Cerwithen. See Sekou, 2016 WL 2844832, at *2-3; Sekou, 2014 WL 10918073 at *2-3.
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(“Disciplinary Board”) suspended Attorney Bruno for one year after it found
that he had violated several Rules of Professional Conduct with respect to his
handling of the cases of several clients (none of which were Sekou) for his
failure to file responsive pleadings, comply with court orders, file timely
appeals, keep clients informed of the status of their cases, and respond to
client letters and phone calls. See id. ¶¶ 21-43, Exhibit B (Report and
Recommendations of the Disciplinary Board, 7/18/2014, ¶ IV). The
Disciplinary Board found that Attorney Bruno’s mismanagement of his cases
and clients was the result of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (“ADHD”)
and depression. Id., Exhibit B ¶ IV.A.1. Sekou argued he was previously
unaware of Attorney Bruno’s diagnosis with ADHD and depression, and that
these conditions impeded Attorney Bruno’s ability to manage his case and
communicate with him prior to trial. See id. ¶¶ 21-43.
On June 29, 2017, the PCRA court issued notice of its intent to dismiss
Sekou’s fourth PCRA petition without hearing pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule
of Criminal Procedure 907. In its Rule 907 notice, the court explained that
Attorney Bruno’s allegedly deficient performance, i.e., his failure to meet with
Sekou before trial, was not previously unknown to Sekou and that Attorney
Bruno’s mental health diagnoses several years after Sekou’s trial did not
constitute a newly-discovered fact for purposes of the PCRA. See Rule 907
Notice, 6/29/2017. Following Sekou’s response to the PCRA court’s Rule 907
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notice, the PCRA court scheduled a hearing, which occurred on October 4,
2018.
On February 11, 2019, the PCRA court dismissed Sekou’s fourth PCRA
petition. On March 11, 2019, he filed a motion for reconsideration, which the
PCRA court granted on March 12, 2019.3 For reasons that are unclear from
the record, the case remained dormant for over three years, until Sekou filed
another amended PCRA petition on December 13, 2022, raising the same
ineffective assistance of counsel claim against Attorney Bruno. The
Commonwealth subsequently wrote the PCRA court a letter informing it that
its reconsideration of the February 11, 2019 decision remained outstanding.
On December 14, 2023, the PCRA court granted Sekou’s PCRA petition,
vacating his convictions and judgment of sentence and awarding him a new
trial—solely on the third-degree murder docket. On December 21, 2023, the
Commonwealth timely appealed to this Court. On January 3, 2024, at all three
dockets, Sekou filed a “Motion to Amend order Vacating Conviction to Include
All Associated Docket Numbers from the Case,” requesting for the PCRA court
to vacate his related convictions and judgments of sentence at the aggravated
assault dockets. See Motion to Amend, 1/3/2024. On January 17, 2024, the
PCRA court entered orders at the aggravated assault dockets vacating Sekou’s
3 This order does not appear in the certified record before this Court. The docket, however, reflects that on March 12, 2019, the PCRA court entered an order vacating its decision pending its reconsideration.
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convictions and judgments of sentence. Thereafter, the Commonwealth
timely appealed those orders. We consolidated all three appeals sua sponte.
The Commonwealth presents the following issues for review:
I. Did the PCRA court err by granting relief and a new trial for third-degree murder on Docket CP-51-CR-1103481-2002, where [Sekou] did not establish an exception to the PCRA time-bar and where his alleged new fact – trial counsel’s diagnosis – was unrelated to [Sekou]’s specific, untimely claim of ineffective assistance?
II. Did the [PCRA] court err by granting PCRA relief and a new trial for third-degree murder on Docket CP-51-CR-1103481-2002, where [Sekou]’s claim that trial counsel Bruno was ineffective for not meeting with him before trial had been long known to him and where [Sekou] had, in fact, refused to meet with Bruno when the latter tried to meet with him at the prison?
III. Did the [PCRA] court err by essentially filing a new PCRA petition for [Sekou] and granting relief on two dockets for which [Sekou] himself had never filed petitions for relief, and where the court never evaluated or analyzed trial counsel’s ineffectiveness on either of the dockets for which [Sekou] had never filed a petition?
Commonwealth’s Brief at 4.
Our standard of review of an order granting “relief under the PCRA calls
upon us to determine whether the determination of the PCRA court is
supported by the evidence of record and is free of legal error.”
Commonwealth v. Parker, 249 A.3d 590, 594 (Pa. Super. 2021) (citation
omitted). “[W]e defer to the factual findings of the post-conviction court,
which is tasked with hearing the evidence and assessing credibility.”
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Commonwealth v. Johnson, 289 A.3d 959, 979 (Pa. 2023). Our standard
of review of a PCRA court’s legal conclusions, however, is de novo. Id.
The threshold question we must address is the timeliness of Sekou’s
fourth PCRA petition and whether he satisfied an exception to the statutory
time bar. See Commonwealth v. Brown, 141 A.3d 491, 499 (Pa. Super.
2016) (“Crucial to the determination of any PCRA appeal is the timeliness of
the underlying petition. Thus, we must first determine whether the instant
PCRA petition was timely filed.”) (quotation marks and citation omitted). “The
timeliness requirement for PCRA petitions is mandatory and jurisdictional in
nature, and the court may not ignore it in order to reach the merits of the
petition.” Id. (quotation marks and citation omitted); see also
Commonwealth v. Fantauzzi, 275 A.3d 986, 994 (Pa. Super. 2022) (“the
timeliness of a PCRA petition is jurisdictional and [] if the petition is untimely,
courts lack jurisdiction over the petition and cannot grant relief”). The
timeliness of a PCRA petition is a question of law, which we review de novo.
Commonwealth v. Callahan, 101 A.3d 118, 121 (Pa. Super. 2014).
The PCRA sets forth the following mandates governing the timeliness of
any PCRA petition:
(1) Any petition under this subchapter, including a second or subsequent petition, shall be filed within one year of the date the judgment becomes final, unless the petition alleges and the petitioner proves that:
(i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of interference by government officials with the presentation of
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the claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth or the Constitution or laws of the United States;
(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to the petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the exercise of due diligence; or
(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States or the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the time period provided in this section and has been held by that court to apply retroactively.
42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1). A petitioner must file a petition invoking one of
these exceptions “within 60 days of the date the claim could have been
presented.” Id. § 9545(b)(2) (effective until Dec. 24, 2018). 4
4 The General Assembly amended section 9545(b)(2) on October 24, 2018, effective December 24, 2018, extending the time for filing from sixty days of the date the claim could have been first presented to one year. The amendment applied to claims arising on or after December 24, 2017. See Act of Oct. 24, 2018, P.L. 894, No. 146, § 3. Sekou filed his fourth PCRA petition on July 12, 2016, and the sixty-day deadline therefore applied to his PCRA petition. We note that Sekou claimed that he discovered information about Attorney Bruno’s suspension and mental health diagnoses on January 21, 2016, but did not file his fourth PCRA petition until July 12, 2016, which was beyond the sixty-day deadline. See Amended PCRA Petition, 6/23/2017, ¶ 21. The appeal from the denial of Sekou’s third PCRA petition, however, was pending before this Court until May 13, 2016. See Sekou, 2016 WL 2844832. He therefore filed the instant PCRA petition within sixty days of that decision. See Commonwealth v. Beatty, 207 A.3d 957, 963 (Pa. Super. 2019) (“Where a prior petition is pending on appeal, a subsequent petition must be filed within the time limits set forth in [s]ection 9545(b)(2) as measured from the date of the order that finally resolves the appeal in the prior petition, because that date is the first date the claim could be presented.”).
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Because this Court affirmed his judgment of sentence on August 31,
2005, and he did not appeal that decision, Sekou’s judgment of sentence
became final on October 1, 2005, following the expiration of the thirty-day
period for filing a petition for allowance of appeal to our Supreme Court. See
Pa.R.A.P. 1113(a); 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(b)(3). Sekou therefore had one year
from that date to file a PCRA petition. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1). As he
did not file the instant PCRA petition until July 12, 2016, it is facially untimely.
The PCRA court, however, determined that he satisfied the newly-discovered
fact exception to the PCRA’s time bar and that he was entitled to relief.
In its first and second issues, the Commonwealth argues that the PCRA
court erred in finding that Sekou satisfied the newly-discovered fact exception
to the PCRA. See Commonwealth’s Brief at 18-30. The Commonwealth
asserts that Attorney Bruno’s suspension and his diagnosis with ADHD and
depression, roughly a decade after Sekou’s trial, do not constitute “new facts”
for purposes of the PCRA’s timeliness exception, as the facts do not relate to
a new claim of ineffective assistance of counsel of which Sekou was previously
unaware. Id. at 20-21. Instead, the Commonwealth contends that Sekou
was bootstrapping Attorney Bruno’s suspension and mental health diagnoses
to complaints he had already raised regarding Attorney Bruno’s representation
and the PCRA court erred in granting relief on this basis. Id. at 21. The
Commonwealth maintains that while the information regarding Attorney
Bruno’s mental health could have provided additional support for Sekou’s
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claim that Attorney Bruno was ineffective for failing to meet with him prior to
trial, the fact that Attorney Bruno did not meet with Sekou before trial was a
fact of which Sekou was aware at that time and during the filing of his first,
timely PCRA petition. Id. at 24-25.
Furthermore, the Commonwealth challenges the PCRA court’s
determination that Attorney Bruno was, in fact, ineffective for failing to meet
with Sekou prior to trial. See id. at 26-30. The Commonwealth argues that
the PCRA court ignored evidence indicating that Attorney Bruno met with
Sekou around the time of Sekou’s preliminary hearing and that Attorney
Fulton, Sekou’s mitigation counsel, also met with Sekou prior to trial. Id. at
26. Additionally, the Commonwealth points out that Attorney Bruno went to
meet with Sekou at CFCF only for Sekou to inform him that he would no longer
be representing him at trial and that Attorney Henry would instead be
representing him. Id. The Commonwealth maintains that the PCRA court
wrongly faulted Attorney Bruno for leaving that meeting even though Sekou
informed Attorney Bruno that he was no longer his attorney. Id. at 28-29.
The newly-discovered fact exception to the PCRA’s time bar applies
where “the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to the
petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the exercise of due
diligence.” Commonwealth v. Small, 238 A.3d 1267, 1280 (Pa. 2020)
(quoting 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(ii)). “The focus of the exception is on the
newly[-]discovered facts, not on a newly[-]discovered or newly[-]willing
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source for previously known facts.” Commonwealth v. Burton, 158 A.3d
618, 629 (Pa. 2017) (quotation marks and brackets omitted).
In concluding that Sekou’s discovery of Attorney Bruno’s suspension and
mental health conditions satisfied the newly-discovered fact exception to the
PCRA’s time bar, the PCRA court explained:
This court determined that [Sekou] testified credibly at the October 4, 2018 evidentiary hearing. [Sekou] indicated that he did not previously know of trial counsel’s mental health condition until shortly before he filed the instant timely PCRA [p]etition in 2016. As the Pennsylvania Supreme Court did not release its findings regarding [Attorney Bruno]’s ineffectiveness and mental health until November 13, 2014 and as pro se petitioners are not held to the public records presumption as per Burton, it is clear that [Sekou] has met his burden of exercising due diligence to learn this new fact and that he timely filed his motion recent PCRA [p]etition. Further, as [Attorney Bruno]’s mental health was determined to have been the underlying cause of his misconduct that affected numerous clients, this information would have inevitably changed the outcome of [Sekou]’s prior PCAR, if not the outcome of his original trial. Therefore, this court found that [Sekou] proved by a preponderance of the evidence that this claim met the time-bar exception and is timely.
PCRA Court Opinion, 8/28/2024, at 14-15 (footnote omitted). Additionally,
the PCRA court further concluded that, as this was a capital murder case,
Attorney Bruno was “per se ineffective … for failing to have a substantive,
face-to-face consultation” with Sekou prior to trial. Id. at 17, 29.
We find no fault with the PCRA court’s conclusion Sekou could not have
discovered information about Attorney Bruno’s suspension and mental health
diagnoses sooner than he did in January 2016. That, however, is not “the
fact[] upon which the claim is predicated.” See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(ii). As
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the PCRA court recognizes, Sekou contends that Attorney Bruno rendered
ineffective assistance because he failed to meet with Sekou prior to trial. See
Amended PCRA Petition, 6/23/2017, ¶¶ 17-19. The PCRA court concluded
that Attorney Bruno was per se ineffective because he failed to have a
substantive, face-to-face meeting with Sekou before trial. See PCRA Court
Opinion, 8/28/2024, at 17, 29. Assuming, arguendo, that Attorney Bruno did
not have a substantive, face-to-face meeting with Sekou before trial and that
that this would require a finding that he rendered ineffective assistance, the
fact that serves as the predicate for Sekou’s ineffectiveness claim is the
absence of a pretrial meeting, which has been known to Sekou since January
2004. Indeed, both Sekou and the PCRA court, in its Rule 907 notice,
acknowledge this point. See Amended PCRA Petition, 6/23/2017, ¶¶ 17-19;
see also Rule 907 Notice, 6/29/2017. That Sekou later discovered that the
Disciplinary Board suspended Attorney Bruno following allegations of
misconduct and his diagnosis with ADHD and depression does not change the
fact that Sekou was aware that Attorney Bruno did not have a pretrial meeting
with him for over twelve years before the filing of the instant PCRA petition.
If Attorney Bruno was indeed ineffective for not meeting with Sekou before
trial, a fact of which Sekou has always been aware, his suspension and
diagnosis with ADHD and depression do not provide a new or different basis
to find he was ineffective. Put another way, if Attorney Bruno did not meet
with Sekou prior to trial, it was that failing that constituted ineffective
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assistance of counsel, and he was ineffective regardless of whether he was
suspended or received any mental health diagnoses.
Thus, at best, Attorney Bruno’s suspension and mental health issues
represent a newly-discovered source or explanation for the previously known
fact that Attorney Bruno did not meet with Sekou before trial. See Burton,
158 A.3d at 629. Sekou had every opportunity to raise a claim regarding
Attorney Bruno’s purported failure to meet with him prior to trial in his first,
timely PCRA petition, as he raised a different ineffective assistance of counsel
claim against Attorney Bruno in that petition. His failure to raise a claim
regarding Attorney Bruno’s alleged failure to meet with him before trial in his
first PCRA petition resulted in waiver of that claim. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9544(b)
(“an issue is waived if the petitioner could have raised it but failed to do so
before trial, at trial, during unitary review, on appeal or in a prior state
postconviction proceeding”).
Based on the foregoing, we conclude that the PCRA court erred in
determining that Sekou’s discovery of Attorney Bruno’s suspension and
mental health diagnoses satisfied the newly-discovered fact exception to the
PCRA’s time bar. Consequently, the PCRA court did not have jurisdiction to
entertain or address the merits of Sekou’s underlying ineffective assistance of
counsel claim regarding Attorney Bruno’s alleged failure to meet with Sekou
before trial or grant him relief on any of the three dockets before us on appeal.
See Fantauzzi, 275 A.3d at 994. Based on our disposition of this case, we
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need not address the Commonwealth’s arguments relating to whether the
record supports the PCRA court’s determination that Attorney Bruno failed to
meet with Sekou prior to trial or whether this constituted per se ineffective
assistance of counsel. Likewise, we need not address the issue the
Commonwealth raised relating to the PCRA court’s grant of relief on the
aggravated assault dockets despite Sekou not filing his fourth PCRA petition
at those dockets.
Accordingly, we reverse the December 13, 2023 order granting him
PCRA relief, vacating Sekou’s convictions at the third-degree murder docket,
and awarding him a new trial. We also reverse the January 17, 2024 orders
applying this same relief to the two aggravated assault dockets. We therefore
reinstate all Sekou’s convictions and his judgments of sentence at all three
dockets and remand this matter to the PCRA court for proceedings consistent
with this decision.
Orders reversed. Case remanded with instructions. Jurisdiction
relinquished.
Date: 12/29/2025
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