J-S43026-16
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
v.
KEITH WALTER SAWYER
Appellant No. 1981 MDA 2015
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence October 21, 2015 In the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-22-CR-0004317-2013
BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., PANELLA, J., and JENKINS, J.
MEMORANDUM BY PANELLA, J. FILED JULY 19, 2016
Appellant, Keith Walter Sawyer, appeals pro se from the judgment of
sentence entered in the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County. We
affirm.
The relevant factual and procedural history is as follows. On
December 15, 2012, a sixteen-year-old girl, B.B., was traveling by bus from
Indianapolis to Hazleton. During a stop in Harrisburg, B.B. left the bus
station to smoke a cigarette. Sawyer approached B.B. and started a
conversation. B.B. told Sawyer that she was hungry, and Sawyer offered to
drive B.B. to a gas station so that she could buy food. B.B. accepted the
offer and entered Sawyer’s vehicle.
Sawyer subsequently drove B.B. to a secluded parking lot under a
nearby bridge. Sawyer told B.B. to have sex with him, or else he would not J-S43026-16
drive her back to the station in time for her to catch the bus to Hazleton. As
Sawyer began to pull down B.B.’s pants, State Capitol Police Sergeant
Michael Schmidt, who was on routine patrol at the time, arrived at the
scene. Sawyer provided the birth certificate and Social Security card of
another individual as his own identification.
A jury convicted Sawyer of kidnapping, unlawful contact with a minor,
and false identification. Prior to sentencing, the Commonwealth provided
notice of its intent to seek a mandatory minimum sentence under the “three
strikes” provision of 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9714(a)(2). Thereafter, the trial court
imposed an aggregate sentence of 25 to 50 years’ imprisonment, consisting
of 25 to 50 years’ imprisonment for kidnapping, 5 to 10 years’ concurrent
imprisonment for unlawful contact with a minor, and 1 to 2 years’ concurrent
imprisonment for false identification. The court imposed the kidnapping
conviction pursuant to § 9714(a)(2).
Sawyer timely filed counseled post-sentence motions, arguing that the
court imposed an illegal sentence above the statutory maximum for the false
identification conviction. Sawyer also claimed the verdict was against the
weight of the evidence. Before the court ruled on the counseled post-
sentence motions, Sawyer filed a request to proceed pro se. The court
conducted a hearing, pursuant to Commonwealth v. Grazier, 713 A.2d 81
(Pa. 1998). Following the hearing, the court determined that Sawyer’s
waiver of counsel was knowing, voluntary, and intelligent, and it permitted
trial counsel to withdraw. On the same day of the Grazier hearing, the court
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issued an amended sentencing order, modifying Sawyer’s sentence for the
false identification conviction to 6 to 12 months’ imprisonment. The court did
not alter Sawyer’s remaining sentences, and it did not rule on the weight
claim from the counseled post-sentence motions.
Thereafter, Sawyer filed a pro se amendment to his counseled post-
sentence motions. In the pro se amendment, Sawyer included claims
regarding subject matter jurisdiction, due process violations, defects in the
pretrial proceedings and charging instruments, Rule 600, the legality of the
mandatory minimum sentence, and the sufficiency of the evidence
supporting the convictions. The court subsequently granted Sawyer’s post-
sentence motions in part. Specifically, the court determined that Sawyer had
not committed two prior crimes of violence to support the imposition of a
“third strike” sentence under § 9714(a)(2); instead, Sawyer had committed
only one prior crime of violence. Thus, the court vacated Sawyer’s sentence
for kidnapping and resentenced him to a mandatory term of 120 months’
imprisonment, pursuant to § 9714(a)(1).1 The court did not alter Sawyer’s
____________________________________________
1 In the trial court’s opinion and order granting the post-sentence motions in part, the court initially states that it had resentenced Sawyer “pursuant to [§] 9714(a) to a term of 120-240 months of incarceration in a State Correctional Institute at Count 1.” (Trial Court Memorandum Opinion and Order, filed August 6, 2014, at 13) (emphasis added). Nevertheless, the court later states that it resentenced Sawyer “to a term of 120-140 months [of] incarceration in a State Correctional Institute at Count 1.” Id., at 14 (emphasis added). Further, the relevant docket entry states: “The court … resentences [Appellant] to a term of 120-140 months [of] incarceration in a (Footnote Continued Next Page)
-3- J-S43026-16
remaining sentences, and it denied relief on all other claims raised in the
counseled and pro se post-sentence motions.
Sawyer subsequently filed a timely direct appeal. In his appeal,
Sawyer included claims regarding weight of the evidence, subject matter
jurisdiction, due process violations, Rule 600, defects in the pretrial
proceedings and charging instruments, and the legality of the mandatory
minimum sentence imposed pursuant to § 9714(a)(1). This Court, in its
memorandum decision at Commonwealth v. Sawyer, 1530 MDA 2014, at
13-14 (Pa. Super. filed April 22, 2015) (unpublished memorandum),
affirmed the convictions, but vacated the judgment of sentence based on the
fact that it was illegal, since the maximum sentence of 140 months did not
equal twice the minimum sentence of 120 months, and remanded for
resentencing. Sawyer subsequently filed a motion for reconsideration, which
this Court denied. Thereafter, pursuant to this Court’s directive, the trial
court resentenced Sawyer to 120 to 240 months’ imprisonment. This timely
appeal followed.
On appeal, Sawyer raises seven issues for our review. In his first
issue, Sawyer argues that there was insufficient evidence to support his
kidnapping and unlawful contact with a minor convictions. In his second
issue, Sawyer alleges that the trial court erred by allowing the prosecution to
_______________________ (Footnote Continued)
State Correctional Institute at Count 1.” (Criminal Docket Entries, printed 1/13/16, at 10) (emphasis added).
-4- J-S43026-16
submit falsified documents, introduce perjured evidence, and destroy
exculpatory evidence. In his third issue, Sawyer argues that the trial court
imposed an illegal sentence when it resentenced him to a mandatory
minimum under § 9714(a)(1). In his fourth issue, Sawyer argues that the
trial court erred in determining that it had subject matter jurisdiction over
his claim. In his fifth issue, Sawyer asserts that the trial court erred in
allowing the Commonwealth to present charges at trial that were not
presented at the preliminary hearing, or at any other formal arraignment
prior to trial. In his sixth issue, Sawyer alleges a Rule 600 violation. In his
seventh and final issue, Sawyer argues that his due process rights were
violated when the Commonwealth delayed in bringing charges against him.
We begin by noting that since Sawyer is on direct appeal following
remand for the limited purpose of correcting an illegal sentence, we may not
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J-S43026-16
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
v.
KEITH WALTER SAWYER
Appellant No. 1981 MDA 2015
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence October 21, 2015 In the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-22-CR-0004317-2013
BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., PANELLA, J., and JENKINS, J.
MEMORANDUM BY PANELLA, J. FILED JULY 19, 2016
Appellant, Keith Walter Sawyer, appeals pro se from the judgment of
sentence entered in the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County. We
affirm.
The relevant factual and procedural history is as follows. On
December 15, 2012, a sixteen-year-old girl, B.B., was traveling by bus from
Indianapolis to Hazleton. During a stop in Harrisburg, B.B. left the bus
station to smoke a cigarette. Sawyer approached B.B. and started a
conversation. B.B. told Sawyer that she was hungry, and Sawyer offered to
drive B.B. to a gas station so that she could buy food. B.B. accepted the
offer and entered Sawyer’s vehicle.
Sawyer subsequently drove B.B. to a secluded parking lot under a
nearby bridge. Sawyer told B.B. to have sex with him, or else he would not J-S43026-16
drive her back to the station in time for her to catch the bus to Hazleton. As
Sawyer began to pull down B.B.’s pants, State Capitol Police Sergeant
Michael Schmidt, who was on routine patrol at the time, arrived at the
scene. Sawyer provided the birth certificate and Social Security card of
another individual as his own identification.
A jury convicted Sawyer of kidnapping, unlawful contact with a minor,
and false identification. Prior to sentencing, the Commonwealth provided
notice of its intent to seek a mandatory minimum sentence under the “three
strikes” provision of 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9714(a)(2). Thereafter, the trial court
imposed an aggregate sentence of 25 to 50 years’ imprisonment, consisting
of 25 to 50 years’ imprisonment for kidnapping, 5 to 10 years’ concurrent
imprisonment for unlawful contact with a minor, and 1 to 2 years’ concurrent
imprisonment for false identification. The court imposed the kidnapping
conviction pursuant to § 9714(a)(2).
Sawyer timely filed counseled post-sentence motions, arguing that the
court imposed an illegal sentence above the statutory maximum for the false
identification conviction. Sawyer also claimed the verdict was against the
weight of the evidence. Before the court ruled on the counseled post-
sentence motions, Sawyer filed a request to proceed pro se. The court
conducted a hearing, pursuant to Commonwealth v. Grazier, 713 A.2d 81
(Pa. 1998). Following the hearing, the court determined that Sawyer’s
waiver of counsel was knowing, voluntary, and intelligent, and it permitted
trial counsel to withdraw. On the same day of the Grazier hearing, the court
-2- J-S43026-16
issued an amended sentencing order, modifying Sawyer’s sentence for the
false identification conviction to 6 to 12 months’ imprisonment. The court did
not alter Sawyer’s remaining sentences, and it did not rule on the weight
claim from the counseled post-sentence motions.
Thereafter, Sawyer filed a pro se amendment to his counseled post-
sentence motions. In the pro se amendment, Sawyer included claims
regarding subject matter jurisdiction, due process violations, defects in the
pretrial proceedings and charging instruments, Rule 600, the legality of the
mandatory minimum sentence, and the sufficiency of the evidence
supporting the convictions. The court subsequently granted Sawyer’s post-
sentence motions in part. Specifically, the court determined that Sawyer had
not committed two prior crimes of violence to support the imposition of a
“third strike” sentence under § 9714(a)(2); instead, Sawyer had committed
only one prior crime of violence. Thus, the court vacated Sawyer’s sentence
for kidnapping and resentenced him to a mandatory term of 120 months’
imprisonment, pursuant to § 9714(a)(1).1 The court did not alter Sawyer’s
____________________________________________
1 In the trial court’s opinion and order granting the post-sentence motions in part, the court initially states that it had resentenced Sawyer “pursuant to [§] 9714(a) to a term of 120-240 months of incarceration in a State Correctional Institute at Count 1.” (Trial Court Memorandum Opinion and Order, filed August 6, 2014, at 13) (emphasis added). Nevertheless, the court later states that it resentenced Sawyer “to a term of 120-140 months [of] incarceration in a State Correctional Institute at Count 1.” Id., at 14 (emphasis added). Further, the relevant docket entry states: “The court … resentences [Appellant] to a term of 120-140 months [of] incarceration in a (Footnote Continued Next Page)
-3- J-S43026-16
remaining sentences, and it denied relief on all other claims raised in the
counseled and pro se post-sentence motions.
Sawyer subsequently filed a timely direct appeal. In his appeal,
Sawyer included claims regarding weight of the evidence, subject matter
jurisdiction, due process violations, Rule 600, defects in the pretrial
proceedings and charging instruments, and the legality of the mandatory
minimum sentence imposed pursuant to § 9714(a)(1). This Court, in its
memorandum decision at Commonwealth v. Sawyer, 1530 MDA 2014, at
13-14 (Pa. Super. filed April 22, 2015) (unpublished memorandum),
affirmed the convictions, but vacated the judgment of sentence based on the
fact that it was illegal, since the maximum sentence of 140 months did not
equal twice the minimum sentence of 120 months, and remanded for
resentencing. Sawyer subsequently filed a motion for reconsideration, which
this Court denied. Thereafter, pursuant to this Court’s directive, the trial
court resentenced Sawyer to 120 to 240 months’ imprisonment. This timely
appeal followed.
On appeal, Sawyer raises seven issues for our review. In his first
issue, Sawyer argues that there was insufficient evidence to support his
kidnapping and unlawful contact with a minor convictions. In his second
issue, Sawyer alleges that the trial court erred by allowing the prosecution to
_______________________ (Footnote Continued)
State Correctional Institute at Count 1.” (Criminal Docket Entries, printed 1/13/16, at 10) (emphasis added).
-4- J-S43026-16
submit falsified documents, introduce perjured evidence, and destroy
exculpatory evidence. In his third issue, Sawyer argues that the trial court
imposed an illegal sentence when it resentenced him to a mandatory
minimum under § 9714(a)(1). In his fourth issue, Sawyer argues that the
trial court erred in determining that it had subject matter jurisdiction over
his claim. In his fifth issue, Sawyer asserts that the trial court erred in
allowing the Commonwealth to present charges at trial that were not
presented at the preliminary hearing, or at any other formal arraignment
prior to trial. In his sixth issue, Sawyer alleges a Rule 600 violation. In his
seventh and final issue, Sawyer argues that his due process rights were
violated when the Commonwealth delayed in bringing charges against him.
We begin by noting that since Sawyer is on direct appeal following
remand for the limited purpose of correcting an illegal sentence, we may not
reach the merits of his first, second, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh issue.
See Commonwealth v. Anderson, 801 A.2d 1264, 1266 (Pa. Super. 2002)
(on direct review following remand for resentencing, the only issues subject
to appellate scrutiny are challenges to the sentence imposed on remand);
Commonwealth v. Lawson, 789 A.2d 252, 253 (Pa. Super. 2001) (stating
that “where a case is remanded to resolve a limited issue, only matters
related to the issue on remand may be appealed”). Thus, Sawyer’s third
issue is the only remaining claim left for us to consider.
In his third issue, Sawyer argues that the trial court imposed an illegal
sentence and violated his double jeopardy and due process rights when it
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resentenced him “for the third time” under § 9714. Appellant’s Brief, at 5.
Sawyer contends that Pennsylvania law only allows for “one shot” under the
statute. Id. He further argues that the Commonwealth never proved § 9714
applies to his case. See id. Finally, Sawyer contends that his sentence is
illegal based upon the United States Supreme Court’s decision in Alleyne v.
United States, 133 S.Ct. 2151 (2013).2 See id., at 5-6.
Before we may consider Sawyer’s arguments, however, we must first
determine whether the law of the case doctrine precludes our review. “The
law of the case doctrine refers to a family of rules which embody the concept
that a court involved in the later phases of a litigated matter should not
reopen questions decided by another judge of that same court or by a higher
court in the earlier phases of the matter.” Commonwealth v. Fears, 86
A.3d 795, 816 n. 23 (Pa. 2014) (citation and internal quotations omitted).
“Among the related but distinct rules which make up the law of the case
doctrine are that: … (2) upon a second appeal, an appellate court may not
alter the resolution of a legal question previously decided by the same
appellate court….” Commonwealth v. Viglione, 842 A.2d 454, 461-62
(Pa. Super. 2004) (en banc) (citation omitted).
2 In Alleyne, the United States Supreme Court held that any fact, other than a prior conviction, that triggers application of a mandatory minimum sentence must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt before the factfinder. See id., at 2155.
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This Court previously determined that Sawyer’s kidnapping conviction
constituted a crime of violence under § 9714. See Sawyer, 1530 MDA
2014, at 13. This Court also determined that Sawyer’s prior conviction for
robbery constituted a crime of violence; thus, the mandatory minimum
imposed pursuant to § 9714 was proper. See id. Additionally, this Court
noted that Alleyne was inapplicable to Sawyer’s case, since its holding does
not apply to mandatory minimum sentences imposed based on the fact of a
prior conviction. See id. Thus, because this Court previously determined
that Sawyer was properly sentenced under § 9714, the law of the case
doctrine precludes us from revisiting this issue.3 See Viglione, 842 A.2d at
462.
Based on the foregoing, we conclude that none of Sawyer’s issues
merit relief. Accordingly, we affirm his judgment of sentence.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary
Date: 7/19/2016
3 We need not address Sawyer’s due process or double jeopardy claims because he failed to raise them in his post-sentence motions. As such, they are waived. See Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (issues not raised in the trial court are waived and cannot be heard for the first time on appeal).
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