Com. v. Ruffin, J.

• Court: Superior Court of Pennsylvania
• Decided: January 15, 2026
• Docket: 1379 EDA 2025
• Status: Unpublished
• Author: Bender

Opinion

J-S43032-25

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : JOHNNY L. RUFFIN : : Appellant : No. 1379 EDA 2025

Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered April, 28, 2025 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0110091-1985

BEFORE: KUNSELMAN, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and BENDER, P.J.E.

MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.: FILED JANUARY 15, 2026

Appellant, Johnny L. Ruffin, appeals pro se from the post-conviction

court’s order dismissing, as untimely, his serial petition filed under the Post

Conviction Relief Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546. After careful review,

we affirm.

The facts underlying Appellant’s conviction are not germane to the

issues he raises on appeal. We need only note that on December 17, 1985, a

jury convicted Appellant of first-degree murder, 18 Pa.C.S. § 2502(a), and

two counts of possessing an instrument of crime (PIC), 18 Pa.C.S. § 907. On

August 18, 1986, Appellant was sentenced to life imprisonment, without the

possibility of parole. This Court affirmed his judgment of sentence on April

14, 1987, and our Supreme Court denied his subsequent petition for

permission to appeal on September 2, 1987. See Commonwealth v. Ruffin, J-S43032-25

526 A.2d 1236 (Pa. Super. 1987) (unpublished memorandum), appeal denied,

531 A.2d 1119 (Pa. 1987).

Over the next two decades, Appellant filed three, unsuccessful PCRA

petitions. On October 20, 2023, Appellant filed his fourth, pro se PCRA

petition, which underlies his instant appeal. Therein, he claimed that on

August 18, 2023, he discovered a new fact when he “was given a DC[-]16E

Sentence Status Summary[,1]” which showed that, although he “was

convicted by a jury of first[-]degree murder[, he] was never charged with

[that offense,] nor was [he] charged with murder [in] general.” PCRA Petition,

10/20/23, at 3, 4. Appellant averred that, instead, “the indictment that [he

is] being held under is [for] CP1011 voluntary manslaughter[,] making [his]

sentence illegal.” Id. at 3.

For some unexplained reason, it was not until January 21, 2025, that

the PCRA court issued a Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice of its intent to dismiss

Appellant’s petition without a hearing, on the basis that it was untimely and

he met no exception to the PCRA’s one-year time-bar. See Rule 907 Notice,

1/21/25, at 1 (single page). Appellant filed a pro se response to the court’s

Rule 907 notice on January 27, 2025, adding two additional claims of police

misconduct in the investigation of his case, and ineffective assistance of his

____________________________________________

1 This form, which is attached to Appellant’s PCRA petition, is issued by the

Department of Corrections (DOC).

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trial counsel. See Response, 1/27/25, at 1 (single page).2 On March 24,

2025, the PCRA court issued another Rule 907 notice of its intent to dismiss

Appellant’s petition without a hearing, explaining why these newly-added

claims were also untimely and met no exception. See Rule 907 Notice,

3/24/25, at 1 (single page). Appellant filed a pro se motion for an extension

of time within which to file a response to the court’s Rule 907 notice, which

the court does not appear to have ruled on. Instead, on April 28, 2025, the

court issued an order dismissing his petition as untimely.

Appellant filed a timely, pro se notice of appeal on May 19, 2025.3 The

court did not order Appellant to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement of

errors complained of on appeal. On May 19, 2025, the court filed a Rule

1925(a) opinion. Herein, Appellant raises two issues for our review:

I. Whether the PCRA court erred as a matter of law in finding that Appellant’s [PCRA] petition was untimely filed under the purview of 42 Pa.C.S. §[]9545(b)(1)(ii)?

2 We note that Appellant does not raise either of these claims on appeal.

3 We note that Appellant’s notice of appeal failed to state the date of the order

being appealed. Consequently, on June 23, 2025, this Court issued a rule to show cause why his appeal should not be quashed as having been taken from a purported order which was not entered upon the appropriate docket of the lower court. See Pa.R.A.P. 301(a)(1) (“[N]o order of a court shall be appealable until it has been entered upon the appropriate docket in the trial court.”); Pa.R.A.P. 904(d) (“A copy of the docket entry showing the entry of the order appealed from shall be attached to the notice of appeal.”). On July 7, 2025, Appellant filed a pro se response to the show cause order, identifying the April 28, 2025 order as the order from which he is appealing. Accordingly, we have corrected the caption to reflect that the appeal lies from the PCRA court’s April 28, 2025 order dismissing Appellant’s petition.

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II. Whether the PCRA court abused its discretion and erred as a matter of law in dismissing Appellant’s PCRA petition without a hearing, where material issues of fact were raised that required a hearing?

Appellant’s Brief at 4.

Initially, we note that this Court’s standard of review regarding an order

denying a petition under the PCRA is whether the determination of the PCRA

court is supported by the evidence of record and is free of legal error.

Commonwealth v. Ragan, 923 A.2d 1169, 1170 (Pa. 2007). We must begin

by addressing the timeliness of Appellant’s petition, because the PCRA time

limitations implicate our jurisdiction and may not be altered or disregarded in

order to address the merits of a petition. See Commonwealth v. Bennett,

930 A.2d 1264, 1267 (Pa. 2007). Under the PCRA, any petition for post-

conviction relief, including a second or subsequent one, must be filed within

one year of the date the judgment of sentence becomes final, unless one of

the following exceptions set forth in 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii) applies:

(b) Time for filing petition.--

(1) Any petition under this subchapter, including a second or subsequent petition, shall be filed within one year of the date the judgment becomes final, unless the petition alleges and the petitioner proves that:

(i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of interference by government officials with the presentation of the claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth or the Constitution or laws of the United States;

(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to the petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the exercise of due diligence; or

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(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States or the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the time period provided in this section and has been held by that court to apply retroactively.

42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii). Additionally, any petition attempting to

invoke one of these exceptions must “be filed within one year of the date the

claim could have been presented.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(2).

Instantly, Appellant’s judgment of sentence became final in 1987 and,

thus, his 2023 petition is patently untimely. For us to have jurisdiction to

review the merits of his claim, he must satisfy one of the timeliness exceptions

set forth above. In this regard, Appellant argues that he meets the newly-

discovered-fact exception of section 9545(b)(1)(ii) based on his receipt of the

DC-16E Sentence Status Summary sheet, which he claims revealed to him

that he “was initially arrested and held under an indictment for

manslaughter[,]” and that “he was never charged with first[-]degree murder

or general homicide.” Appellant’s Brief at 11. Appellant contends that “the

alteration of his initial charge of manslaughter to first[-]degree murder by the

trial court subjected him to [a] life sentence and amounted to a structural

error.” Id. at 11-12.

Appellant’s argument does not satisfy the newly-discovered-fact

exception. To the extent Appellant suggests that the DC-16E Sentence

Summary Sheet revealed to him that he was only charged with voluntary

manslaughter and not first-degree murder, the document belies this claim. As

the PCRA court noted in its opinion, the DC-16E Sentence Status Summary

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sheet attached to Appellant’s PCRA petition “merely indicates that [Appellant]

is serving a sentence for a first[-]degree murder conviction and does not give

any indication of what crimes [Appellant] was initially charged with prior to

his conviction.” PCRA Court Opinion, 5/19/25, at 2 n.5 (unnumbered). Our

review of the record supports the PCRA court’s determination. We see nothing

on the DC-16E form indicating that Appellant was only charged with voluntary

manslaughter and not first-degree murder. See PCRA Petition at 11-13

(unnumbered).

Instead, the only mention of voluntary manslaughter on that document

is on the third page, under the heading “Non-Incarcerated Offenses[,]” where

it states, “CP1011 Voluntary Manslaughter — Merges[.]” Id. at 13

(unnumbered). It seems that Appellant interprets this statement as indicating

he was only charged with voluntary manslaughter, yet the record before us

clearly refutes this. Specifically, the criminal docket states that Appellant was

charged with first-degree murder, two counts of PIC, involuntary

manslaughter, and voluntary manslaughter. See Criminal Docket, CP-51-

CR-0110091-1985, at 3. It further indicates that Appellant was found guilty

of first-degree murder and both counts of PIC, the involuntary manslaughter

charge was nol prossed, and he was found not guilty of voluntary

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manslaughter. Id. at 4. As such, there were no sentences imposed for either

of the manslaughter charges.4 Id.

In light of this record, Appellant has failed to prove the applicability of

the newly-discovered-fact exception. Namely, the ‘new fact’ he alleges — i.e.,

that he was only charged with voluntary manslaughter and not first-degree

murder — is not supported by either the DC-16E form he attached to his

petition, or the record as a whole. Accordingly, we agree with the

Commonwealth that Appellant “failed to provide the PCRA court with any

newly[-]discovered facts that could support his invocation of [the] timeliness

exception.” Commonwealth’s Brief at 10 (footnote omitted).

Additionally, even if Appellant were attempting to allege that he only

just discovered that he was charged with voluntary manslaughter at all, he

cannot demonstrate that he could not have discovered this fact sooner, in the

exercise of due diligence. The criminal docket sets forth the charges Appellant

faced, including voluntary manslaughter, and states the disposition of each of

those charges. Thus, Appellant has failed to prove that he could not have

4 In this regard, the record contradicts the indication on the DC-16E form that

Appellant received a sentence for voluntary manslaughter that merged with his life term of incarceration for first-degree murder. In any event, any allegation that the DOC failed to follow the trial court’s sentence by stating that Appellant has a ‘merged’ sentence for voluntary manslaughter would not be cognizable under the PCRA. See Commonwealth v. Heredia, 97 A.3d 392, 395 (Pa. 2014) (concluding that an allegation that the DOC failed to follow the trial court’s sentence is not a challenge to the legality of a sentence or a conviction; thus, it is not cognizable under the PCRA).

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discovered that he was charged with voluntary manslaughter prior to August

of 2023.

For these reasons, the PCRA court did not err in dismissing Appellant’s

petition on the basis that it is untimely and meets no exception to the PCRA’s

one-year time-bar. Moreover, we also discern no abuse of discretion in the

court’s decision to dismiss Appellant’s petition without a hearing, as Appellant

has failed to show that he raised any genuine issue of fact regarding the

timeliness of his petition. See Commonwealth v. Maddrey, 205 A.3d 323,

328 (Pa. Super. 2019) (“[T]o obtain reversal of a PCRA court’s decision to

dismiss a petition without a hearing, an appellant must show that he raised a

genuine issue of fact which, if resolved in his favor, would have entitled him

to relief, or that the court otherwise abused its discretion in denying a

hearing.”). Thus, Appellant’s second issue also warrants no relief.

Order affirmed.

Date: 1/15/2026

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