J-S46005-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
v.
WILMA LEE REDDER
Appellant No. 2110 MDA 2016
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence December 1, 2016 In the Court of Common Pleas of Bradford County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-08-CR-0000059-2016
BEFORE: BOWES, J., OLSON, J., AND STEVENS, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.: FILED JULY 26, 2017
Wilma Lee Redder appeals from the judgment of sentence of five days
to six month’s imprisonment that was imposed after she was found guilty of
driving under the influence of alcohol (“DUI”)--general impairment. We
affirm.
At approximately 9:20 p.m. on November 25, 2015, Pennsylvania
State Trooper Albert Levanavage and Pennsylvania State Trooper Taylor
Smith were on patrol in separate police cruisers in Bradford County when
they were called to the scene of a suspicious vehicle on Congdon Road, in a
rural area located approximately five to seven miles from their location. Ten
to fifteen minutes later, the two officers found the vehicle in question,
Appellant’s Chevrolet S-10 pick-up truck, stopped on the side of Congdon
* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court. J-S46005-17
Road in South Creek Township. Trooper Levanavage approached Appellant.
Trooper Levanavage detected the odor of alcohol, and Appellant thereafter
admitted to consuming that substance. Appellant failed a breathalyzer test
and field sobriety tests. Trooper Levanavage concluded that Appellant had
imbibed a sufficient amount of alcohol that she was not capable of safely
driving her car. She consented to a blood draw, which was performed at
11:02 p.m. on November 25, 2015. The results of testing revealed that she
had a BAC of .148%.
On December 17, 2015, Appellant was charged with DUI--general
impairment, DUI with a high rate of blood alcohol content (.148%), and
careless driving. On February 24, 2016, Appellant filed a motion for a writ of
habeas corpus, contending that the charges in question should be dismissed.
She averred that there was not sufficient proof to establish that she was in
actual physical control of the vehicle since she was parked when Trooper
Levanavage and Trooper Smith initiated their investigation. An omnibus
pretrial hearing was held.
Trooper Levanavage stated that, when he arrived on the scene, the
truck’s lights were not illuminated. The vehicle was running, and he viewed
exhaust emanating from the rear exhaust pipe. Appellant, the sole
occupant, was in the driver’s seat with her dog in the rear of the passenger
compartment of the truck, and she admitted that she had traveled from
Wellsburg, New York. No other person was in the area, which was rural with
-2- J-S46005-17
a few nearby houses. Defense counsel argued that Appellant’s truck was
parked, and that Appellant placed the keys in the ignition in order to roll
down the window to speak with Trooper Levanavage. Appellant maintained
that videos from the cruisers would support her claim that the truck was not
running when Trooper Levanavage arrived on the scene because they
showed no exhaust coming from her rear exhaust pipe despite the cold.
Before ruling on the request for habeas corpus relief, the trial court
opted to view the videos from the two police cruisers. On June 9, 2016, the
trial court denied the petition for habeas corpus relief. The trial court noted
that the videos of the scene showed no exhaust emanating from any
vehicles depicted therein. It credited Trooper Levanavage’s testimony that,
when he approached the truck, the engine was running and found
unbelievable Appellant’s story that she placed the keys in the ignition only to
open her window. It therefore denied Appellant’s motion for habeas corpus
relief.
Appellant then filed a motion to suppress the results of her BAC, and
the Commonwealth agreed to continue the prosecution without those
results, withdrawing the charge of DUI--high rate of alcohol. On September
19, 2016, at a nonjury trial, the trial court granted Appellant’s request to
dismiss the careless driving charge and found her guilty of DUI--general
impairment, second offense in ten years. She was sentenced on December
1, 2016, and this appeal followed.
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Appellant’s brief does not contain a separate statement of issues
involved, but her contention on appeal is that “the court erred in denying the
pretrial motion of appellant that she did not have actual physical control of
her motor vehicle so as to be arrested for DUI.” Appellant’s brief at 3.
Thus, her position is that the trial court should have granted her pretrial
habeas corpus motion since the Commonwealth never established that she
had actual physical control of her truck.
A habeas corpus petition is the means by which a defendant
challenges whether the Commonwealth has adduced sufficient proof to
establish a prima facie case and can proceed to trial. Commonwealth v.
Marti, 779 A.2d 1177, 1179 n.1 (Pa.Super. 2001). Once there has been an
adjudication of guilt, any allegation that the Commonwealth failed to
establish a prima facie case with respect to a crime is rendered moot.
Commonwealth v. Lee, 662 A.2d 645, 650 (Pa. 1995); Commonwealth
v. McCullough, 461 A.2d 1229 (Pa. 1983); Commonwealth v. Ballard,
460 A.2d 1091 (Pa. 1983). Hence, the issue, as framed by Appellant, is not
properly before us. Instead, at this point in the proceeding, the proper
inquiry is whether the evidence produced at the non-jury trial was sufficient
to sustain the factfinder’s determination that Appellant was in actual physical
control of her truck so as to sustain the general impairment conviction.
We normally would be unable to review that question because
Appellant did not order the trial transcript, and it is not in the record.
-4- J-S46005-17
Commonwealth v. Preston, 904 A.2d 1 (Pa.Super. 2006) (it is the
appellant’s responsibility to order transcripts necessary to conduct judicial
review of issue raised on appeal and failure to order those transcripts results
in waiver). However, the habeas transcript is available, and the videos of
the incident from the two police cruisers are contained in the certified
record. We note, “When reviewing a sufficiency claim the court is required
to view the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict winner giving
the prosecution the benefit of all reasonable inferences to be drawn from the
evidence.” Commonwealth v. Chambers, 157 A.3d 508, 512 (Pa.Super.
2017) (citation omitted).
Trooper Levanavage reported that Appellant’s truck was running when
he approached it, and the videos, contrary to Appellant’s assertion on
appeal, do not refute his testimony. The videos were filmed at night, with
only headlights illuminating the scene. Officer Smith was following Officer
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J-S46005-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
v.
WILMA LEE REDDER
Appellant No. 2110 MDA 2016
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence December 1, 2016 In the Court of Common Pleas of Bradford County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-08-CR-0000059-2016
BEFORE: BOWES, J., OLSON, J., AND STEVENS, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.: FILED JULY 26, 2017
Wilma Lee Redder appeals from the judgment of sentence of five days
to six month’s imprisonment that was imposed after she was found guilty of
driving under the influence of alcohol (“DUI”)--general impairment. We
affirm.
At approximately 9:20 p.m. on November 25, 2015, Pennsylvania
State Trooper Albert Levanavage and Pennsylvania State Trooper Taylor
Smith were on patrol in separate police cruisers in Bradford County when
they were called to the scene of a suspicious vehicle on Congdon Road, in a
rural area located approximately five to seven miles from their location. Ten
to fifteen minutes later, the two officers found the vehicle in question,
Appellant’s Chevrolet S-10 pick-up truck, stopped on the side of Congdon
* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court. J-S46005-17
Road in South Creek Township. Trooper Levanavage approached Appellant.
Trooper Levanavage detected the odor of alcohol, and Appellant thereafter
admitted to consuming that substance. Appellant failed a breathalyzer test
and field sobriety tests. Trooper Levanavage concluded that Appellant had
imbibed a sufficient amount of alcohol that she was not capable of safely
driving her car. She consented to a blood draw, which was performed at
11:02 p.m. on November 25, 2015. The results of testing revealed that she
had a BAC of .148%.
On December 17, 2015, Appellant was charged with DUI--general
impairment, DUI with a high rate of blood alcohol content (.148%), and
careless driving. On February 24, 2016, Appellant filed a motion for a writ of
habeas corpus, contending that the charges in question should be dismissed.
She averred that there was not sufficient proof to establish that she was in
actual physical control of the vehicle since she was parked when Trooper
Levanavage and Trooper Smith initiated their investigation. An omnibus
pretrial hearing was held.
Trooper Levanavage stated that, when he arrived on the scene, the
truck’s lights were not illuminated. The vehicle was running, and he viewed
exhaust emanating from the rear exhaust pipe. Appellant, the sole
occupant, was in the driver’s seat with her dog in the rear of the passenger
compartment of the truck, and she admitted that she had traveled from
Wellsburg, New York. No other person was in the area, which was rural with
-2- J-S46005-17
a few nearby houses. Defense counsel argued that Appellant’s truck was
parked, and that Appellant placed the keys in the ignition in order to roll
down the window to speak with Trooper Levanavage. Appellant maintained
that videos from the cruisers would support her claim that the truck was not
running when Trooper Levanavage arrived on the scene because they
showed no exhaust coming from her rear exhaust pipe despite the cold.
Before ruling on the request for habeas corpus relief, the trial court
opted to view the videos from the two police cruisers. On June 9, 2016, the
trial court denied the petition for habeas corpus relief. The trial court noted
that the videos of the scene showed no exhaust emanating from any
vehicles depicted therein. It credited Trooper Levanavage’s testimony that,
when he approached the truck, the engine was running and found
unbelievable Appellant’s story that she placed the keys in the ignition only to
open her window. It therefore denied Appellant’s motion for habeas corpus
relief.
Appellant then filed a motion to suppress the results of her BAC, and
the Commonwealth agreed to continue the prosecution without those
results, withdrawing the charge of DUI--high rate of alcohol. On September
19, 2016, at a nonjury trial, the trial court granted Appellant’s request to
dismiss the careless driving charge and found her guilty of DUI--general
impairment, second offense in ten years. She was sentenced on December
1, 2016, and this appeal followed.
-3- J-S46005-17
Appellant’s brief does not contain a separate statement of issues
involved, but her contention on appeal is that “the court erred in denying the
pretrial motion of appellant that she did not have actual physical control of
her motor vehicle so as to be arrested for DUI.” Appellant’s brief at 3.
Thus, her position is that the trial court should have granted her pretrial
habeas corpus motion since the Commonwealth never established that she
had actual physical control of her truck.
A habeas corpus petition is the means by which a defendant
challenges whether the Commonwealth has adduced sufficient proof to
establish a prima facie case and can proceed to trial. Commonwealth v.
Marti, 779 A.2d 1177, 1179 n.1 (Pa.Super. 2001). Once there has been an
adjudication of guilt, any allegation that the Commonwealth failed to
establish a prima facie case with respect to a crime is rendered moot.
Commonwealth v. Lee, 662 A.2d 645, 650 (Pa. 1995); Commonwealth
v. McCullough, 461 A.2d 1229 (Pa. 1983); Commonwealth v. Ballard,
460 A.2d 1091 (Pa. 1983). Hence, the issue, as framed by Appellant, is not
properly before us. Instead, at this point in the proceeding, the proper
inquiry is whether the evidence produced at the non-jury trial was sufficient
to sustain the factfinder’s determination that Appellant was in actual physical
control of her truck so as to sustain the general impairment conviction.
We normally would be unable to review that question because
Appellant did not order the trial transcript, and it is not in the record.
-4- J-S46005-17
Commonwealth v. Preston, 904 A.2d 1 (Pa.Super. 2006) (it is the
appellant’s responsibility to order transcripts necessary to conduct judicial
review of issue raised on appeal and failure to order those transcripts results
in waiver). However, the habeas transcript is available, and the videos of
the incident from the two police cruisers are contained in the certified
record. We note, “When reviewing a sufficiency claim the court is required
to view the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict winner giving
the prosecution the benefit of all reasonable inferences to be drawn from the
evidence.” Commonwealth v. Chambers, 157 A.3d 508, 512 (Pa.Super.
2017) (citation omitted).
Trooper Levanavage reported that Appellant’s truck was running when
he approached it, and the videos, contrary to Appellant’s assertion on
appeal, do not refute his testimony. The videos were filmed at night, with
only headlights illuminating the scene. Officer Smith was following Officer
Levanavage down Congdon Road. The area was wooded with a few houses
interspersed among the trees. No people were in the area. Trooper Smith’s
video does not show the exhaust that was emanating from Trooper
Levanavage’s cruiser when the vehicles were traveling along the road.
When they found Appellant’s truck, Officer Smith pulled over and
parked his cruiser facing Appellant’s truck. Officer Levanavage drove past
Appellant, stopped, reversed his cruiser, and then stopped again parallel to
the truck with his video pointed toward the road. Officer Smith’s video did
-5- J-S46005-17
not capture the exhaust emanating from Officer Levanavage’s cruiser while
Officer Levanavage’s cruiser was backing up and being placed in park, even
though the exhaust pipe on the cruiser was closer to Officer Smith’s vehicle
than the exhaust pipe from Appellant’s truck. Thus, the fact that there was
no exhaust coming from the tail pipe of Appellant’s truck is of no
consequence. The video simply failed to reveal the exhaust coming from
any vehicle. The video from Officer Smith’s cruiser does show Appellant
reaching to the right after Officer Levanavage stopped his cruiser beside her
truck, but Appellant’s hand and body were obscured. It was not evident
whether she was reaching for something or placing something to her right,
and the object in question was not displayed in the video.
The evidence was sufficient to sustain Appellant’s general impairment
conviction. Pennsylvania's DUI statute provides, in pertinent part, that a
person “may not drive, operate or be in actual physical control of the
movement of a vehicle after imbibing a sufficient amount of alcohol such
that the individual is rendered incapable of safely driving, operating or being
in actual physical control of the movement of the vehicle.” 75 Pa.C.S. §
3802(a)(1). Whether a person has operated or been in actual physical
control of his vehicle is determined by the totality of the circumstances and
can be established by circumstantial proof. Commonwealth v. Williams,
941 A.2d 14, 27 (2008). The following factors are utilized in making this
-6- J-S46005-17
assessment: “the motor running, the location of the vehicle, and additional
evidence showing that the defendant had driven the vehicle.” Id.
In this case, the video demonstrates that Appellant was sitting in the
driver’s seat of a truck that was stopped on the berm of a remote rural road
at night; there were no bars in the vicinity. At the habeas corpus
proceeding, Officer Levanavage testified that the truck was running when he
approached it, and that Appellant indicated that she traveled from
Wellsburg, New York. Thus, the record is sufficient to establish that
Appellant was in actual physical control of her truck. Commonwealth v.
Brotherson, 888 A.2d 901 (Pa.Super. 2005); Commonwealth v.
Williams, 871 A.2d 254 (Pa.Super. 2005).
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary
Date: 7/26/2017
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