Com. v. Posey, A.

• Court: Superior Court of Pennsylvania
• Decided: April 14, 2020
• Docket: 946 MDA 2019
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

J-S17003-20

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : AJANI LEE POSEY : : Appellant : No. 946 MDA 2019

Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered May 22, 2019 In the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-22-CR-0000322-2017

BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., STABILE, J., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.

MEMORANDUM BY PANELLA, P.J.: FILED: APRIL 14, 2020

Ajani L. Posey appeals, pro se, from the order of May 20, 2019, which

dismissed, without a hearing, his first petition brought under the Post

Conviction Relief Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. On appeal,

Appellant claims he received ineffective assistance of plea counsel. 1 For the

reasons discussed below, we affirm.2

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1 On appeal, Appellant also appears to assert PCRA counsel was ineffective for failing to raise the claim plea counsel was ineffective for not filing a motion to suppress. However, Appellant did not include this claim in his Rule 1925(b) Statement. See Appellant[‘s] Pro Se 1925(b) Statement, 7/01/19, at unnumbered pages 1-4. Therefore, he waived the claim. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(vii); see also Commonwealth v. Lord, 719 A.2d 306, 308 (Pa. 1998), superseded by rule on other grounds as stated in Commonwealth v. Burton, 973 A.2d 428, 431 (Pa. Super. 2009).

2 The Commonwealth did not file a brief in this matter. J-S17003-20

On August 30, 2017, the Commonwealth filed a criminal information

charging Appellant with one count each of criminal attempt — homicide,

robbery, aggravated assault, and burglary.3 The charges arose out of a

December 19, 2016 home invasion.

Appellant, who was involved in a dispute with the victim’s stepson,

kicked open the door of the victim’s residence, while brandishing a knife. He

then demanded the victim’s money. When the victim tried to flee into a

bedroom, Appellant kicked the bedroom door open and held the knife to the

victim’s throat. The victim grabbed the knife and, during the ensuing struggle,

the knife cut the victim’s hands. Appellant then fled the scene.

On September 6, 2017, Appellant entered an open guilty plea to one

count each of aggravated assault, robbery, and burglary.4 In return, the

Commonwealth dropped the most serious charge, attempted homicide. On

October 11, 2017, the trial court sentenced Appellant to an aggregate term of

5½ to 20 years’ imprisonment. Appellant did not file any post-sentence

motions or a direct appeal.

3 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 901(a), 3701(a)(1)(ii), 2702(a)(1), and 3502(a)(1), respectively.

4 The Commonwealth had offered a negotiated guilty plea, which Appellant rejected.

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On July 16, 2018, Appellant, acting pro se, filed the instant, timely PCRA

petition. The PCRA court subsequently appointed counsel. On November 17,

2018, counsel filed a petition to withdraw and a Turner/Finley5 “no merit”

letter. On March 6, 2019, the PCRA court granted counsel’s motion to

withdraw and issued notice of its intent to dismiss the petition pursuant to

Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 907(1). Appellant, after being

granted an extension of time, filed a response on May 6, 2019. The court

denied Appellant’s PCRA petition.

Appellant subsequently filed the instant, timely appeal. In response,

the PCRA court directed Appellant to file a concise statement of errors

complained of on appeal. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). Appellant filed a timely

Rule 1925(b) statement on July 1, 2019. See id. Ultimately, the court issued

a statement adopting its Rule 907 notice as its opinion. See Pa.R.A.P.

1925(a).

Our standard of review for an order denying PCRA relief is well settled:

[t]his Court’s standard of review regarding a PCRA court’s order is whether the determination of the PCRA court is supported by the evidence of record and is free of legal error. Great deference is granted to the findings of the PCRA court, and these findings will not be disturbed unless they have no support in the certified record.

5 Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988), and Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988) (en banc).

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Commonwealth v. Carter, 21 A.3d 680, 682 (Pa. Super. 2011) (citations

and quotation marks omitted).

Here, Appellant claims he received ineffective assistance of plea counsel.

While it is somewhat difficult to parse the specifics of his claim because of

Appellant’s wholly inadequate two-page brief, this contention appears rooted

in his belief that the evidence was insufficient to sustain a conviction for

aggravated assault. Appellant bases this theory on the testimony at the

preliminary hearing that he claims failed to prove serious bodily injury, the

fact the Commonwealth never recovered the knife used in the robbery, and

that the Commonwealth did not submit any medical records into evidence at

the preliminary hearing. Therefore, he believes counsel wrongly advised him

to plead guilty to aggravated assault. He also claims counsel refused his

repeated requests to provide him with a copy of the preliminary hearing

transcript before he entered into the guilty plea.6

“A criminal defendant has the right to effective counsel during a plea

process as well as during trial.” Commonwealth v. Rathfon, 899 A.2d 365,

369 (Pa. Super. 2006) (citation omitted). Further, “[a]llegations of

ineffectiveness in connection with the entry of a guilty plea will serve as a

basis for relief only if the ineffectiveness caused the defendant to enter an

involuntary or unknowing plea.” Commonwealth v. Hickman, 799 A.2d

6Appellant does not challenge counsel’s stewardship with respect to his guilty plea to the charges of robbery and burglary.

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136, 141 (Pa. Super. 2002) (citation omitted). Also, “[w]here the defendant

enters his plea on the advice of counsel, the voluntariness of the plea depends

upon whether counsel’s advice was within the range of competence demanded

of attorneys in criminal cases.” Id. (internal quotation marks and citations

omitted).

We presume counsel is effective, and Appellant bears the burden to

prove otherwise. See Commonwealth v. Bennett, 57 A.3d 1185, 1195 (Pa.

2012). The test for ineffective assistance of counsel is the same under both

the Federal and Pennsylvania Constitutions. See Strickland v. Washington,

466 U.S. 668, 687-88 (1984); Commonwealth v. Jones, 815 A.2d 598, 611

(Pa. 2002). Appellant must demonstrate: (1) his underlying claim is of

arguable merit; (2) the particular course of conduct pursued by counsel did

not have some reasonable basis designed to effectuate his interests; and (3)

but for counsel’s ineffectiveness, there is a reasonable probability that the

outcome of the proceedings would have been different. See Commonwealth

v. Solano, 129 A.3d 1156, 1162-63 (Pa. 2015). A failure to satisfy any prong

of the test for ineffectiveness will require rejection of the claim. See Jones,

815 A.2d at 611. Where, as here, Appellant pleaded guilty, in order to satisfy

the prejudice requirement, he must show that “there is a reasonable

probability that, but for counsel’s errors, he would not have pleaded guilty and

would have insisted on going to trial.” Rathfon, 899 A.2d at 370 (citation

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This Court has held where the record clearly shows the court conducted

a thorough plea colloquy and the defendant understood his rights and the

nature of the charges against him, the plea is voluntary. See

Commonwealth v. McCauley, 797 A.2d 920, 922 (Pa. Super. 2001). In

examining whether the defendant understood the nature and consequences

of his plea, we look to the totality of the circumstances. See id. At a

minimum, the trial court must inquire into the following six areas:

(1) Does the defendant understand the nature of the charges to which he is pleading [nolo contendere]?

(2) Is there a factual basis for the plea?

(3) Does the defendant understand that he has a right to trial by jury?

(4) Does the defendant understand that he is presumed innocent until he is found guilty?

(5) Is the defendant aware of the permissible ranges of sentences and/or fines for the offenses charged?

(6) Is the defendant aware that the judge is not bound by the terms of any plea agreement tendered unless the judge accepts such agreement?

Id. (citation omitted); see also Pa.R.Crim.P. 590, Comment.

Defense counsel or the attorney for the Commonwealth, as permitted

by the court, may conduct this examination. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 590,

Comment. Moreover, the examination may consist of both a written colloquy

the defendant read, completed, and signed, and made a part of the record;

and an on-the-record oral examination. See id.

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Here, Appellant signed a written plea colloquy and engaged in an oral

colloquy. See Written Guilty Plea Colloquy, 9/06/17, at unnumbered page 3;

N.T. Plea Hearing, 9/06/17, at 1-7. We note Appellant did not contest any of

the underlying facts as enunciated by the assistant district attorney, including

the facts he threatened the victim with the knife, slashed at the victim, and

the victim sustained injury while attempting to protect himself from the knife-

wielding Appellant. See N.T. Plea Hearing, at 4-5. Appellant specifically

stated he understood this evidence was sufficient to constitute the crime of

aggravated assault. Id. at 6.

In the written plea colloquy, Appellant acknowledged he had read the

charges against him, understood what he was pleading guilty to, and had fully

discussed the case with counsel. Written Guilty Plea Colloquy, at unnumbered

page 2. He averred he was pleading guilty of his own free will and was

satisfied with counsel’s representation. See id.

During the plea hearing, Appellant never claimed he had asked for the

notes of testimony from the preliminary hearing and counsel refused to

provide them. He also never stated he believed the evidence was insufficient

to sustain the aggravated assault charge.

Sentencing took place over one month after the entry of the guilty plea.

At no point prior to or during sentencing did Appellant express any

dissatisfaction with counsel or indicate any wish to withdraw his plea.

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Appellant did not file a direct appeal. It was not until approximately

nine months later that Appellant expressed dissatisfaction with part of his

guilty plea. He still has not stated he wishes to withdraw his plea, but instead

seeks either a reduction in sentence or the withdrawal of the aggravated

assault charge. Appellant’s Brief, at unnumbered page 2. Further, at no point,

including during the instant PCRA proceedings, has Appellant claimed he was

actually innocent of the charges or, but for counsel’s inadequate

representation, he would have elected to proceed to trial.

The statements made during a plea colloquy bind a criminal defendant.

See Commonwealth v. Muhammad, 794 A.2d 378, 384 (Pa. Super. 2002).

As a result, a defendant cannot assert grounds for withdrawing the plea that

contradict statements made at that time. See Commonwealth v. Stork,

737 A.2d 789, 790-91 (Pa. Super. 1999). Further, “[t]he law does not require

that appellant be pleased with the outcome of his decision to enter a plea of

guilty: ‘All that is required is that [appellant’s] decision to plead guilty be

knowingly, voluntarily and intelligently made.’” Commonwealth v. Yager,

685 A.2d 1000, 1004 (Pa. Super. 1996) (en banc) (citation omitted). Here,

Appellant has not shown that his decision to enter the plea to aggravated

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assault was involuntary.7 He has therefore failed to prove prejudice. Thus,

his claims of ineffective assistance of plea counsel lack merit.

Accordingly, for the reasons discussed above, we affirm the PCRA court’s

dismissal of Appellant’s PCRA petition without a hearing.

Order affirmed.

7 This Court has reviewed the record in this matter, including the notes of testimony from the preliminary hearing. Appellant’s claim of insufficiency seems to be based in its entirety on a mistaken belief that the Commonwealth was required to produce all of the evidence it would have entered at trial at the preliminary hearing. He also misapprehends the nature of the charge of aggravated assault, believing the Commonwealth had to prove actual serious physical injury rather than an attempt to cause serious physical injury. See 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2702(a)(1). Moreover, the testimony at the preliminary hearing clearly established Appellant brandished a knife at the victim and held the knife to his throat so tightly the victim believed it had cut his throat. The victim also testified the cuts to his hand were severe enough that, at the time of the preliminary hearing, approximately one month after the incident, he was still undergoing physical therapy and it was not clear he would regain full use of one hand. See generally, N.T. Preliminary Hearing, 1/19/17, at 7-37. Had the victim testified consistently with his preliminary hearing testimony at trial, the evidence would have been sufficient to sustain a conviction for aggravated assault. See Commonwealth v. Walls, 950 A.2d 1028, 1032 (Pa. Super. 2009) (holding evidence defendant stabbed victim causing cuts, scratches, and lacerations sufficient to sustain conviction for aggravated assault), appeal denied, 991 A.2d 313 (Pa. 2010); Commonwealth v. Matthews, 870 A.2d 924, 933 (Pa. Super. 2005) (en banc) (concluding act of placing weapon to victim’s throat and making threats to kill him, sufficient to sustain conviction for aggravated assault even though victim was not actually injured). Therefore, because the evidence would have been sufficient to sustain a conviction for aggravated assault counsel was not ineffective in advising Appellant to plead guilty to the charge.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary

Date: 04/14/2020

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