Com. v. Pipkin, M.

• Court: Superior Court of Pennsylvania
• Decided: May 17, 2022
• Docket: 2221 EDA 2020
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

J-A03024-22

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA Appellant : : : v. : : : MICHAEL PIPKIN : No. 2221 EDA 2020

Appeal from the Order Entered October 13, 2020 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0008939-2018, CP-51-CR-0008944-2018

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA Appellant : : : v. : : : MICHAEL PIPKIN : No. 2222 EDA 2020

Appeal from the Order Entered October 13, 2020 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0008939-2018, CP-51-CR-0008944-2018

BEFORE: STABILE, J., DUBOW, J., and KING, J.

MEMORANDUM BY DUBOW, J.: FILED MAY 17, 2022

The Commonwealth appeals from the October 13, 2020 Order, entered

in the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas, granting the Motion to

Dismiss pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 600 filed by Michael Pipkin. The

Commonwealth asserts that the trial court erred in finding it had not acted J-A03024-22

with due diligence in prosecuting Mr. Pipkin and in concluding that the Rule

600 period had expired. After careful review, we reverse.

The procedural history relevant to the issue on appeal is as follows. On

October 22, 2018, the Commonwealth filed two Criminal Complaints against

Mr. Pipkin charging him with, inter alia, robbery, firearms offenses, and

misdemeanor assault offenses. The lower court scheduled Mr. Pipkin’s

preliminary hearing for 15 days later, on November 6, 2018.

On November 6, 2018, the parties appeared for Mr. Pipkin’s preliminary

hearing. The Commonwealth then requested a continuance for “further

investigation,” which the court granted. The record reflects that the earliest

possible date to reschedule the preliminary hearing was 22 days later, on

November 28, 2018, but, due to the unavailability of the Commonwealth’s

police witness, the court continued it for an additional 21 days, until December

19, 2018.

Mr. Pipkin’s formal arraignment took place on January 2, 2019. Mr.

Pipkin’s pretrial conference followed 20 days later, on January 22, 2019. At

the pretrial conference on January 22, 2019, Mr. Pipkin rejected the

Commonwealth’s plea offer. The court then scheduled a hearing for 14 days

later, on February 5, 2019.

At the February 5, 2019 scheduling hearing, the trial court scheduled a

jury trial to commence 104 days later, on May 20, 2019. In the interim, the

trial court ordered Mr. Pipkin to undergo a mental health evaluation for

competency and scheduled a mental health hearing on April 12, 2019.

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At the April 12, 2019, mental health status hearing, Mr. Pipkin requested

a continuance until May 10, 2019. The court granted the continuance and Mr.

Pipkin’s trial date remained May 20, 2019.

On May 20, 2019, Mr. Pipkin requested a continuance of trial for further

mental health evaluation. The court granted a 35-day continuance and

scheduled a status hearing regarding Mr. Pipkin’s competence to stand trial

for June 24, 2019. At the June 24, 2019 conference, the court determined

Mr. Pipkin was competent to stand trial and set a trial date of August 19, 2019,

56 days later.

On August 19, 2019, the Commonwealth requested a continuance of

trial due to the unavailability of a civilian witness.1 The court granted the

continuance and rescheduled trial for 105 days later, on December 2, 2019.

On December 2, 2019, however, the trial judge was unavailable, and

the court continued trial to the next day. On December 3, 2019, following a

“joint request” for a continuance, the court rescheduled trial to commence 49

days later, on January 21, 2020.

On January 21, 2020, the Commonwealth requested a continuance of

trial for “further investigation” so that it could obtain Mr. Pipkin’s medical

records and prepare a motion to consolidate the related cases against Mr.

____________________________________________

1 The Commonwealth had sent the unavailable witness, as well as its other civilian witnesses, subpoenas on June 24, 2019.

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Pipkin.2 The trial court granted the request and rescheduled trial to commence

70 days later, on March 31, 2020. On March 16, 2020, the Commonwealth

filed a Motion to Consolidate.

The COVID-19 judicial emergency began on March 16, 2020, resulting

in the closure of the trial courts. At the time the judicial emergency began,

55 days had passed since the January 21, 2020 continuance of Mr. Pipkin’s

trial at the Commonwealth’s request.

During the pendency of the judicial emergency, the trial court continued

numerous trial readiness conferences and Mr. Pipkin’s trial. Finally, on

October 5, 2020, 203 days after the start of the judicial emergency, the trial

court held a scheduling conference at which Mr. Pipkin requested a waiver

trial. The trial court scheduled Mr. Pipkin’s bench trial for October 22, 2020.

Also on October 5, 2020, Mr. Pipkin filed a Petition to Dismiss the

Information Pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 600(A), asserting that the

Commonwealth had failed to exercise due diligence in bringing Mr. Pipkin to

trial and that both the Rule 600 mechanical and adjusted run dates had

passed. On October 12, 2020, the Commonwealth filed a response to the

Petition, arguing that it had acted duly diligent in bringing the case to trial and

disputing Mr. Pipkin’s adjusted run date calculation.

2 The docket reflects that both the Commonwealth and Mr. Pipkin requested that the court continue trial for “further investigation.”

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On October 13, 2020, the trial court held a hearing on Mr. Pipkin’s

petition, after which it granted the petition and dismissed the charges against

Mr. Pipkin.

This timely appeal followed. The Commonwealth complied with the trial

court’s Order to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Statement. The trial court authored

a Rule 1925(a) Opinion in which it concluded it had erred in granting Mr.

Pipkin’s Petition to Dismiss and urged this Court to reverse the dismissal order.

The Commonwealth raises one issue on appeal:

Did the lower court—as it concedes in its opinion—err in dismissing all charges without a hearing[3] where the record demonstrates that the Commonwealth was duly diligent, and the docket demonstrates excludable time and delays not attributable to the Commonwealth which prove that the Rule 600 period had not expired?

Commonwealth’s Brief at 4.

The Commonwealth argues that the trial court erred in granting Mr.

Pipkin’s Petition to Dismiss because the docket and the Commonwealth’s

evidence show that it was prepared to bring Mr. Pipkin to trial within the period

provided by Rule 600. Id. at 12. The Commonwealth asserts that, assuming

the proper characterization of all delays, it still had 239 days within which to

bring Mr. Pipkin to trial. Id.

We review the trial court’s disposition of a Rule 600 motion for an abuse

of discretion. Commonwealth v. Harth, 252 A.3d 600, 614 n.13 (Pa 2021). ____________________________________________

3 The record reflects that the trial court held a hearing on the Petition to Dismiss on October 13, 2020, and that it granted the Petition on the record at the conclusion of the hearing.

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“[T]rial in a court case in which a written complaint is filed against the

defendant shall commence within 365 days from the date on which the

complaint is filed.” Commonwealth v. Mills, 162 A.3d 323, 324 (Pa. 2017)

(citing Pa.R.Crim.P. 600(A)(2)(a)). Periods of delay at any stage of the

proceedings caused by the Commonwealth when it failed to exercise due

diligence are to be counted as running time and non-excludable. Pa.R.Crim.P

600(C)(1). Any other periods of delay are excludable from the computation

of time. Id.

To determine whether dismissal is required for a violation of Rule 600,

“a court must first calculate the ‘mechanical run date,’ which is 365 days after

the complaint was filed,” or, under certain circumstances, refiled.

Commonwealth v. Goldman, 70 A.3d 874, 879-880 (Pa. Super. 2013)

(citation omitted). Thereafter, a court calculates whether the mechanical run

date has been adjusted to account for periods of delay. Id. at 879. The

defendant is entitled to discharge under Rule 600 only where trial started after

the adjusted run date. Id.

The adjusted run date is calculated by adding to the mechanical run date

both excludable and excusable delay. Id. Excludable delay is delay caused

by the defendant or his lawyer. Id. Excusable delay encompasses a wide

variety of situations where the postponement of trial was outside of the

Commonwealth’s control. Commonwealth v. Armstrong, 74 A.3d 228, 236

(Pa. Super. 2013). “Excusable delay is delay that occurs as a result of

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circumstances beyond the Commonwealth’s control and despite its due

diligence.” Goldman, 70 A.3d at 879.

“[T]ime attributable to the normal progression of a case [] is not ‘delay’

for purposes of Rule 600.” Harth, 252 A.3d at 616 (citation omitted). Courts

must apply judgment in distinguishing between delay attributable to the court

and that which should be allocated to the Commonwealth or the defendant.

Mills, 162 A.3d at 325. Courts have discretion to differentiate between the

“time necessary for ordinary trial preparation and judicial delay arising out of

the court’s own scheduling concerns[.]” Harth, 252 A.3d at 616 (citation

omitted). In situations where “a trial-ready prosecutor must wait several

months due to a court calendar, the time should be treated as delay for which

the Commonwealth is not held accountable.” Id. (citation, emphasis, and

internal quotation marks omitted). Stated another way, once the prosecutor

has signaled her trial readiness, delay due to the court’s calendar is not

attributable to the Commonwealth.

Delays caused by witness unavailability that is beyond the

Commonwealth’s control can constitute excusable delay. Commonwealth v.

Hunt, 858 A.2d 1234, 1243 (Pa. Super. 2004). In addition, delays requested

by the defense are always excludable. Commonwealth v. Barbour, 189

A.3d 944, 955 (Pa. 2018); Commonwealth v. Cook, 676 A.2d 639, 645 (Pa.

1996) (“Any delay caused by the need to reschedule a trial because of a

continuance attributable to the defense constitutes excludable time[.]”).

Similarly, where a defendant indicates his approval or acceptance of a

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continuance, the time associated with the continuance is excludable under

Rule 600 as a defense request. Hunt, 858 A.2d at 1241.

Analysis

The Commonwealth filed the Criminal Complaint against Mr. Pipkin on

October 22, 2018. Thus, the mechanical run date by which the

Commonwealth had to bring Mr. Pipkin to trial was October 22, 2019.

However, as set forth above, certain delays occurred which are not

attributable to the Commonwealth and served to extend the mechanical run

date. As detailed below, these days totaled 469 days, which extended the run

date to February 2, 2021. Mr. Pipkin filed his Rule 600 Petition to Dismiss on

October 5, 2020, well before the adjusted run date, and the court, thus,

abused its discretion in granting the Petition and dismissing the case.

In particular, the time between October 22, 2018, when the

Commonwealth filed the Criminal Complaint against Mr. Pipkin, and the

preliminary hearing 15 days later, on November 6, 2018, is properly

characterized as normal progression of the case and, thus, did not alter the

365-day mechanical run period. The period of 22 days between the November

6, 2018 preliminary hearing and November 28, 2018—the first available date

on which the court could have rescheduled the preliminary hearing—is also

charged to the Commonwealth and, thus, did not alter the mechanical run

date. However, because the Commonwealth’s witness was not available until

December 19, 2018, the further 21-day delay was excludable, and the

adjusted run date became November 12, 2019.

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On December 19, 2018, the court reconvened Mr. Pipkin’s preliminary

hearing and scheduled Mr. Pipkin’s formal arraignment for January 2, 2019.

Those 14 days were attributable to the Commonwealth as part of the normal

progression of the case and did not change the adjusted run date.

Mr. Pipkin’s formal arraignment took place on January 2, 2019, following

which the court continued the matter for 20 days, until January 22, 2019.

Those 20 days were attributable to the Commonwealth as normal progression

of the case and did not change the adjusted run date.

At the pretrial conference on January 22, 2019, Mr. Pipkin rejected the

Commonwealth’s plea offer. The court then scheduled a hearing for 14 days

later, on February 5, 2019. The 14-day delay from January 22, 2019, to

February 5, 2019, was normal progression of the case. Thus, the adjusted

run date remained November 12, 2019.

At the February 5, 2019 scheduling hearing, the trial court scheduled a

jury trial to commence 104 days later, on May 20, 2019. This delay

constituted normal progression of the case, and the adjusted run date did not

change.

On April 12, 2019, Mr. Pipkin requested a continuance of his mental

health status hearing until May 10, 2019. The court granted the continuance

and Mr. Pipkin’s trial date remained May 20, 2019.

On May 20, 2019, Mr. Pipkin requested a continuance of trial for further

mental health evaluation. The court granted a 35-day continuance and

scheduled a status hearing regarding Mr. Pipkin’s competence to stand trial

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for June 24, 2019. This 35-day delay was excludable time; the new adjusted

run date became December 17, 2019.

At the June 24, 2019 conference, the court determined Mr. Pipkin was

competent to stand trial and set a trial date of August 19, 2019, 56 days later.

This 56-day delay, not attributable to the Commonwealth because it emanated

from Mr. Pipkin’s request for a mental health evaluation, caused the adjusted

run date to become February 11, 2020.

On August 19, 2019, the Commonwealth requested a continuance of

trial due to the unavailability of a civilian witness.4 The court granted the

continuance and rescheduled trial for 105 days later, on December 2, 2019.

This 105-day delay was excludable time because the Commonwealth had

subpoenaed the witness and the Commonwealth was not responsible for the

witness’s failure to appear; thus, the adjusted run date became May 26, 2020.

On December 2, 2019, the trial judge was unavailable, and the court

continued trial to the next day. Although this delay was attributable to the

court, there is no evidence that the Commonwealth was trial-ready, so the

adjusted run date did not change. On December 3, 2019, following a “joint

request” for a continuance, the court rescheduled trial to commence 49 days

later, on January 21, 2020. Because Mr. Pipkin joined in the Commonwealth’s

4 The Commonwealth had sent the unavailable witness, as well as its other civilian witnesses, subpoenas on June 24, 2019. The trial court found that “the Commonwealth was diligent in subpoenaing their witnesses [sic].” Trial Ct. Op. 3/26/21, at 6.

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request for a continuance, thereby indicating his approval of it, this 49-day

delay was excludable time, and the adjusted run date became July 14, 2020.

On January 21, 2020, the Commonwealth requested a continuance of

trial for “further investigation” so that it could obtain Mr. Pipkin’s medical

records and prepare a motion to consolidate the related cases against Mr.

Pipkin.5 The trial court granted the request and rescheduled trial to commence

70 days later, on March 31, 2020. This delay, caused by the Commonwealth’s

request for a continuance, is includable time and, therefore, the adjusted run

date remained July 14, 2020.

The COVID-19 judicial emergency began on March 16, 2020, resulting

in the closure of the trial courts. From the time the judicial emergency began

on March 16, 2020, and Mr. Pipkin’s scheduling conference on October 5,

2020, 203 days passed. This time is excludable because it was caused by

events outside of the control of the Commonwealth, and the adjusted run date

became February 2, 2021.

The trial court scheduled Mr. Pipkin’s trial for October 22, 2020, well

before the February 2, 2021 adjusted run date. Thus, on October 5, 2020,

when Mr. Pipkin filed his pre-trial Petition to Dismiss the Information Pursuant

to Pa.R.Crim.P. 600(A), the adjusted run date had not passed. Accordingly,

the trial court abused its discretion in granting Mr. Pipkin’s Petition and

5 The docket reflects that both the Commonwealth and Mr. Pipkin requested that the court continue trial for “further investigation.”

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dismissing the charges against him. We, therefore, reverse the court’s Order

and reinstate the charges.

Order reversed. Jurisdiction relinquished.

Judge King joins the memorandum.

Judge Stabile concurs in result.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary

Date: 5/17/2022

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