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IN THE COURTOF COMMONPLEASOF DELA WARJ4~J:i:;;~YLVANIA CRIMINAL 201, IUH z~r ('i' . <, ... ·
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA CP-23-CR-0001689-2014 v. James Pendleton
"'A. Sheldon Kovach, Esquire, for the Commonwealth Rhonda Lowe, Esquire, for the Appellant
OPINIQN
Capuzzi, J. Filed: ~ /cJ.cx./cJ.o\':J
This is an appeal from this Court's judgment of sentence entered on October 30, 2014.
Appellant raises the following five issues: (1) This Court erred when it failed to excuse Juror #4
after being informed that the juror was familiar with one of the individuals involved in the
offense; (2) This Cou11 erred in allowing the Commonwealth to amend the complaint to add a
School Zone Enhancement; (3) The guilty verdicts were against the weight of the evidence; (4)
The evidence presented at trial was insufficient to sustain Appellant's convictions for 35 P.S. §
780-113 §§ A30 (Delivery of a Controlled Substance -Alprazolam); 35 P.S. § 780-113 §§ Al6
(Possession of a Controlled Substance - Alprazolam and Oxycodone); and 35 P.S. § 780-113 §§
A32 (Possession of Drug Paraphernalia); and (5) This Court abused its discretion when
sentencing Appellant. For the forthcoming reasons, Appellant's issues lack merit and Appellant's
judgment of sentence should be affirmed.
Page 1 of 13 FACTUAL BASIS
Officer Francis Devine is a patrolman with the Upper Darby Police Department and has
been so employed for the past five years. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 27]. Within that time, Officer
Devine has conducted over 100 drug related arrests and has observed numerous hand to hand
transactions. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 27). In the early afternoon of February 9, 2014, at
approximately 12:SOp.m., Officer Devine was in full uniform in an unmarked police vehicle on
routine patrol in the area of Long, Shirley, and Walnut Street in Upper Darby, Delaware County.
[N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 29J.
While on patrol, Officer Devine observed two men walking down Walnut Street towards
Shirley Avenue. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 28). Based upon prior incidents, Officer Devine
immediately recognized one of the individuals as Mr. Redden. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 29]. The
other individual, although not known to Officer Devine at the time, was Appellant. The two men
were standing on the corner looking up and down the street, checking over their shoulders. [N.T.,
09/17/2014 p.29).0fficer Devine found this activity to be suspicious and pulled his vehicle over
in order to better observe the two men. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 29,30).The men, not noticing
Officer Devine' s vehicle, stopped at the corner of Walnut and Shirley Avenue, one parking spot
from where Officer Devine was parked. [N.T., 09117/2014 p. 28].
From his vantage point, Officer Devine could clearly see Appellant hand a small glassine
bag to Mr. Redden. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p.30). In return, Mr. Redden handed Appellant U.S.
Currency. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p.30). When the two began to walk up Shirley towards Calvin
Street, Officer Devine witnessed another transfer of an unidentified object from Appellant to Mr.
Redden. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 29]. Following the second exchange with Appellant, Mr. Redden
got into the backseat of a vehicle with its hazard lights on, located about twenty-five feet from
Page 2 of 13 Officer Devine's location, and Appellant continued towards Calvin Street, heading in the
opposite direction of Mr. Redden. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 35].0fficer Devine pursued the vehicle
and radioed for backup to pursue Appellant. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p.30).
Officer Devine initiated a traffic stop on the vehicle at Garrett and Walnut Street,
approximately a block from where he witnessed the transaction. [N.T.i 09/17/2014 p. 30]. When
the vehicle came to a stop, Officer Devine noticed Mr. Redden who was located in the back seat
of the vehicle, make furtive movements toward the female in the front passenger seat. [N.T.,
09/17/2014 p. 3 O]. In addition to Mr. Redden, the two other individuals, later identified as
Michael Rainey and Lauren Taylor, were also making furtive movements in the front of the
vehicle; adding to his growing suspicion of criminal activity and eventual removal of all
occupants. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 30]. At this time, Lieutenant Thomas Sharp, also of the Upper
Darby Police Department, arrived on scene and assisted Officer Devine. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p.
40]. Once Lieutenant Sharp arrived, all parties were removed and pat-downs were conducted on
each of the three occupants of the vehicle for officer safety. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 40].
While the female was exiting the vehicle, Lieutenant Sharp was able to observe a single
white pill with the parking 512 on the floorboard of the passenger side. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 42].
In the front of the vehicle on the transmission hump in the center console, Officer Devine
observed the exact same glassine bag that he witnessed in the hand to hand with Appellant just
moments before. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 42). The bag contained seven blue pills and two
rectangular green pills. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 40-41]. In addition, Lieutenant Sharp and Detective
Devine located five orange and five clear pills wrapped in tissue paper, stashed in a small ashtray
to the left of the steering wheel, approximately the same location that the female in the car was
reaching towards when they were pulled over. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 43].
Page 3 of 13 Officer Michael Taylor of the Upper Darby Police Department, Narcotics Division, was
also on patrol at the time of the exchange and received the call from dispatch to pursue
Appellant. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 79). Officer Taylor recognized Appellant by Officer Devine's
description and clothing. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 80). Officer Taylor initiated a pedestrian stop
upon sight of Appellant and immediately noticed Appellant was very nervous. [N.T., 09/17/2014
p. 81]. For officer safety, particularly in a high-crime area, Officer Taylor conducted a pat down
of Appellant's person. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 81 ). Officer Taylor quickly noticed a bulge in his
breast pocket and asked Appellant what was in there. Appellant responded with "some pills", and
also admitted to not having a prescription for them. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 82). Officer Taylor
removed the tissue paper that contained three white, round pills consistent with being
Oxycodone. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 82]. In addition, $75 dollars of U.S. currency was found on his
person, which contained two $20 dollar bills. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p.84.J Two cell phones were
also located on Appellant's person. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 84].
Appellant was arrested and charged with three counts of Delivery of a Controlled
Substance 1, three counts of Possession of a Controlled Substance', and one count of Possession
of Drug Paraphemalia:3•4
PROCEDURAL HISTORY
A jury trial was held on September 17, 2014. The Commonwealth presented several
witnesses including: Officer Francis Devine, Lieutenant Thomas Sharp, Officer Michael Taylor,
1 35 Pa.CS. Section 780-113(a)(30} 2 Pa.C.S. Section 780-113(a}(16) 4 35 3 S 35 Pa.CS. Section 780-113(a)(32) 4 All pills were later submitted to the Pennsylvania State Police Bureau of Forensic Service, Lima Regional Laboratory and were confirmed by Kristen Victoria Stains, a forensic Lima Regional Laboratory Technician, to be Oxycodone, a schedule I & II narcotic; Alprazolam,a schedule IV narcotic; and Amphetamine, a schedule 11 narcotic. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 119].
Page 4 of 13 and Jonathon Redden. The defense presented testimony from Appellant, James Pendleton.
Officer Devine, Lieutenant Sharp, and Officer Taylor testified to the facts as set forth above.
[N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 64].
Following the officers' testimony, the Commonwealth presented Mr. Redden. [N.T.,
09/17/2014 p. JOI]. Mr. Redden testified that he purchased eight Alprazolam pills from
Appellant in exchange for $40, which he paid in the denomination of two $20 dollar bills. [N.T.,
09117120 I 4 p. 103, 105]. Mr. Redden testified the pills were contained in a baggie, the same
baggie found in the vehicle Mr. Redden occupied shortly after the exchange. [N.T., 09/17/2014
p. 105].
After hearing testimony that the driver of the vehicle was Michael Rainey, Juror #4, sent
a note to a court official stating that he knew Michael Rainey. This Court colloquied Juror #4 in
the robing room with both attorneys present. Juror #4 told the court that he and Mr. Rainey went
to Upper Darby High School together in 2002 but he hasn't seen Mr. Redden in six years. [N.T.,
0911712014 p.130]. This Court informed Juror #4 that Mr. Rainey would not be testifying. [N.T.,
09/17/2014 p. 130). This Court asked Juror #4 if knowing Michael Rainey would prevent him
from being a fair and impartial juror in this case; of which Juror #4 firmly stated it would not.
[N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 130]. The Court asked Juror #4 if he would be able to continue in this case
as a juror and set aside any knowledge of Michael Rainey in any way. Juror #4 again told this
Court he could. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 131). After the colloquy, counsel for Appellant did not
move to strike Juror #4 and this Court decided he could be fair and impartial; as such, he was not
removed from the panel. [N.T., 9/17/2014 p. 152).
In addition, Juror #9 also informed this Court that she knew Michael Rainey. [N.T.,
09/17/2014 p. 133]. Juror #9 stated that Michael Rainey was her cousin's brother-in-Jaw and that
Page 5 of 13 she worked with him at a restaurant. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 134]. Juror #9 stated this may make
her unable to be a fair and impartial juror, and as such, this Court excused her and alternate Juror
#13 became Juror#9. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 156].
The defense presented testimony from Appellant. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 159]. Appellant
testified contrary to Mr. Redden's claims, claiming he was purchasing the drugs from Mr.
Redden; not selling them. [N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 161]. Appellant testified he purchased three
Oxycodone pills -for his alleged chronic headaches and back pain - from Mr. Redden, in
exchange for $15. Appellant also testified that he gave Mr. Redden an empty glassine baggie and
the U.S. Currency given to him was his $5 change for a $20 bill. (N.T., 09/17/2014 p. 161, 166].5
After deliberating, the jury found Appellant guilty of Delivery of a Controlled Substance
to wit: Alprazolam; Possession of a Controlled Substance to wit: Alprazolam; Possession of a
Controlled Substance to wit: Oxycodone, and Possession of Drug Paraphernalia.
The jury found Appellant not guilty of Delivery of a Controlled Substance to wit:
Oxycodone, Delivery of a Controlled Substance to wit: Amphetamine; and Possession of a
Controlled Substance to wit: Amphetamine.
On October 301h, 2014, this Court sentenced Appellant as follows: Count 1 :Delivery of
Alprazolam: 15 months to 30 months in SCI with three years consecutive state probation; Count
2: Possession of Oxycodone: 6-12 months SCI consecutive to Count 1; Count 3: Possession of
Drug Paraphernalia: 1 year state probation, running consecutive to Count 1 and Count 2.
Appellant was ordered to provide a DNA sample, a $100 cost assessment was imposed, and
Appellant was not RRRI Eligible or boot camp eligible. Appellant was also ordered to forfeit two
cell phones and $75 of US Currency. [N.T., 10/30/2014 p.9-11].
5 Appellant was the only person apprehended with any money on his person [N.T., 09/17 /2014 p. 49, 84}.
Page 6 of 13 On October 31, 2014, counsel for Appellant filed a motion to withdraw, which this Court
granted.
On November 07, 2014, Appellant filed prose correspondence, which was docketed on
November 12, 2014. Due to the time sensitive nature of filing a motion to reconsider, this Court
treated the correspondence as a pro se motion to reconsider sentence and appointed the Delaware
County Office of the Public Defender to represent Appellant. On November 17, the Public
Defender filed a conflict petition. In response, this Court appointed conflict counsel, Ms. Rhonda
Lowe, Esquire.
Due to confusion with the switch in counsel and miscommunication as to what had been
filed by the Public Defender's office, Ms. Lowe provided this Court with additional information
pertinent to the motion to reconsider and asked this Court to extend the 120 days this Court had
to decide on the motion. This Court found that good cause existed to invoke the extra thirty days
allowed by statute to decide upon the motion. On March 30, 2015, after considering the
information provided, this Court denied the post-sentence motion and this timely appeal
followed.
DISCUSSION
For efficiency, this Court will address each issue as laid out by Appellant in his 1925 o» statement: (A) Improper Non-Excusal of Jury Member; (B) Improper School Zone
Enhancement; (C) Guilty Verdicts Against the Weight of the Evidence; (D) Insufficient
Evidence For Conviction; and (E) Abuse of Discretion At Sentencing.
Page 7 of 13 A. This Court Did Not Abuse its Discretion When Keeping Juror #4 on the Panel.
The determination as to whether an individual's views would substantially impair her or
his ability to perform the duties of a juror rests in the discretion of the trial court and that such
determination is to be accorded deference. Commonwealth v. Morales 91 A.3d 80, 96-97 (Pa.
2014). "Absent a palpable abuse of that discretion, the court' s determination will not be
reversed." Morales, 91 A.3d at 97.
Appellant's alleges this Court erred when it did not excuse trial Juror #4 after being
informed that the Juror #4 was familiar with Michael Rainey, the driver of the vehicle.
This Court did not abuse its discretion when deciding to keep Juror #4 on the panel. Juror
#4 attended high school with Mr. Rainey, stated he hadn't seen him in a significant amount of
time, did not socialize with him and simply brought it to this Court's attention in an abundance
of caution. In addition, Juror #4 said he could be fair and impartial. If Juror #4 answered the
question in the negative, as Juror #9 did, this Court would have excused Juror #4. However,
excusing Juror#4 was not necessary as this Court determined, after speaking with Juror #4, that
he could be fair and impartial. Thus, there was no error of law or abuse of discretion.
B. The Commonwealth Did Not Elicit Testimony in Regards to a School Zone and This Court Did Not Apply a School Zone Enhancement At Sentencing.
Appellant also alleges this Court erred in allowing the Commonwealth to amend the
complaint to add a School Zone Enhancement, pursuant to the Drug-Free School Zones Act, 18
Pa.C.S. § 6317. This assertion is moot. The Commonwealth never presented any testimony to
this effect nor was the issue submitted to the jury or applied at sentencing. Therefore, the issue is
moot for purposes of appeal.
Page 8 of 13 C. The Verdict Was Not Against the Weight of the Evidence.
"A claim alleging the verdict was against the weight of the evidence is addressed to the
discretion of the trial court. Accordingly, an appellate court reviews the exercise of the trial
court's discretion; it does not answer for itself whether the verdict was against the weight of the
evidence. It is well settled that the [jury] is free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence and to
determine the credibility of the witnesses. A weight of the evidence claim is only warranted
where the judge or jury's verdict is so contrary to the evidence that it shocks one's sense of
justice. In determining whether this standard has been met, appellate review is limited to whether
the trial judge's discretion was properly exercised, and relief will only be granted where the facts
and inferences of record disclose a palpable abuse of discretion." Commonwealth v. Landis, 89
A.3d 694, 699 (Pa. Super. 2014).
"Because the trial judge has had the opportunity to hear and see the evidence presented,
an appellate court will give the gravest consideration to the findings and reasons advanced by the
trial judge when reviewing a trial court's determination that the verdict is against the weight of
the evidence." Landis, 89 A.3d at 699.
Appellant alleges that the verdict was against the weight of the evidence presented by the
Commonwealth at trial. This Court properly denied this post-sentence motion. The jury was free
to listen to the witnesses and weigh the evidence presented. Despite the conflicting stories from
Appellant and Mr. Redden, the jury weighed the credibility of the witnesses and determined
Appellant to be guilty beyond a reasonable doubt for all three charges herein. There is nothing in
the record to support that the fact-finder's verdict is so contrary to the evidence that it shocks
one's sense of justice.
Page 9 of13 D. The Evidence Presented at Trial was Sufficient to Convict Appellant.
"Because evidentiary sufficiency is a question of law, our standard of review is de novo
and our scope of review is plenary." Commonwealth v. Diamond, 83 A.3d 119, 126 (Pa. 2013).
"There is sufficient evidence to sustain a conviction when the evidence admitted at trial,
and all reasonable inferences are drawn therefrom, viewed in the light most favorable to the
Commonwealth as verdict-winner, are sufficient to enable the fact finder to conclude that the
Commonwealth established all of the elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt."
Commonwealth v, Martin, 101 A.3d 706, 718 (Pa. 2014). The Commonwealth may sustain [this]
burden by means of wholly circumstantial evidence. Martin, 10 l A.3d at 718.
"In order to preserve a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence on appeal, an
appellant's l 925(b) statement must state with specificity the element or elements upon which the
appellant alleges that the evidence was insufficient." Commonwealth v. Garland, 63 A.3d 339,
344 (Pa. Super. 2013). Failure to identify what specific element the Commonwealth failed to
prove at trial in a 1925(b) statement renders an appellant's sufficiency of the evidence claim
waived for appellate review. Id.
Appellant alleges there was insufficient evidence presented at trial to sustain the
convictions Delivery of a Controlled Substance to wit: Alprazolam, Possession of a Controlled
Substance to wit: Oxycodone and Alprazolam, and Possession of Drug Paraphernalia. However,
Appellant does not allege any particular element of the three convictions as required to preserve
the claim for appeal. Assuming arguendo that Appellant intends to argue that every single
element of all three offenses was insufficient to sustain a conviction, this Court sets forth the its
analysis as follows:
Page 10 of 13 Pursuant to 35 P.S. Section 780-JJ3(a){30): "the manufacture, delivery, or possession
with intent to manufacture or deliver, a controlled substance by a person not registered under this
act, or a practitioner not registered or licensed by the appropriate state board, or knowingly
creating, delivering or possessing with intent to deliver, a counterfeit controlled substance is
prohibited." Delivery is defined as "the actual, constructive or attempted transfer from one
person to another of a controlled substance ... whether or not there is an agency
relationship." 35 P.S. Section 780-102.
Here, Appellant, who is not registered or licensed under the act, was delivering
Alprazolam, a controlled substance, by means of a hand to hand to Mr. Redden. Officer Devine
testified that he was a mere five feet away from Appellant and Mr. Redden when he witnessed
Appellant hand Mr. Redden a clear plastic bag in exchange for U.S. currency. In addition, this
was the exact same bag that Officer Devine located in the vehicle that Mr. Redden got into
immediately after the transaction. Not only did Officer Devine see the transaction occur but Mr.
Redden also told the jury that he purchased the pills from Appellant and gave him two $20 dollar
bills, which were located on Appellant when he was arrested. The evidence presented at trial,
when viewed in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, was overwhelmingly sufficient
to establish all of the elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt.
In order to establish Possession of a Controlled Substance the Commonwealth must prove
beyond a reasonable doubt: l) the item must be a controlled substance; (2) that the item was
possessed by the defendant; and (3) that the defendant was aware of the item's presence and that
the item was in fact a controlled substance. 35 Pa.C.S. Section 780-l13(a)(l6)
When Officer Taylor stopped Appellant he had Oxycodone, a controlled substance, on
his person. Appellant admitted he had the pills in his pocket and that he did not have a
Page 11 of 13 prescription for them. In addition, Appellant possessed Alprazolam when he sold it to Mr.
Redden, which Mr. Redden testified to and Officer Devine witnessed Appellant hand to Mr.
Redden.
Pursuant to 35 P .S. Section 780-1 l 3(a)(32), "The following acts and the causing thereof
within the Commonwealth are hereby prohibited: The use of, or possession with intent to use,
drug paraphernalia for the purpose of planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting,
manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing,
packing, repacking, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling or otherwise
introducing into the human body a controlled substance in violation of this act."
Officer Taylor located three Oxycodone pills on Appellant. The pills were wrapped in
tissue paper in order to store the controlled substance. Based on credible testimony from Officer
Taylor and Officer Devine, the Commonwealth presented sufficient evidence to prove each
element of Possession of Drug Paraphernalia beyond a reasonable doubt.
E. This CourtProperly Sentenced Appellant.
Appellant' s assertion that this Court abused its discretion when it sentenced Appellant is
without merit. An abuse is not merely an en-or of judgment, but if in reaching a conclusion the
law is overridden or misapplied, or the judgment exercised is manifestly unreasonable, or the
result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will direction is abused. Commonwealth v. Hairston, 84
A.3d 657 (Pa. 2014).
Appellant does not particularly allege how this Court abused its discretion at sentencing.
Appellant's sentence was not illegal nor was it even in the aggravated range. Appellant's
sentence was in the middle of the standard range. This Court told Appellant at sentencing: "I
could easily justify going into the aggravated range based on your past history. But, even in
Page 12 of 13 going to the standard range, I didn't go to the maximum in the standard range; I went into the
mid-range because I'm hoping there is some redeeming value for you." [N.T., 10/30/2014 p.11).
After review, this Court finds no error in Appellant's sentence.
CONCLUSION
This Court did not conunit an error of law or abuse its discretion. Appellant's judgment
of sentence should be affirmed.
BY H[e>URT: /~ p "' &,·---""~ ./. • 1o1)J· · ·: Capuzzi'; 81( J.
Page 13 of 13