Com. v. Nevius, J.

• Court: Superior Court of Pennsylvania
• Decided: November 27, 2024
• Docket: 99 EDA 2024
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

J-S38029-24

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : JUSTIN NEVIUS : : Appellant : No. 99 EDA 2024

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered November 22, 2023 In the Court of Common Pleas of Lehigh County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-39-CR-0004098-2021

BEFORE: STABILE, J., BECK, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY BECK, J.: FILED NOVEMBER 27, 2024

Justin Nevius (“Nevius”) appeals from the judgment of sentence

imposed by the Lehigh County Court of Common Pleas (“trial court”) following

his convictions of third-degree murder and persons not to possess a firearm. 1

On appeal, Nevius challenges the discretionary aspects of his sentence. We

affirm.

On October 12, 2021, Nevius was driving southbound on Seventh Street

near Tilghman Street in Allentown, Pennsylvania, when another driver, Kippy

Reco Henry (“Henry”) cut Nevius off. After a verbal exchange, Nevius started

following Henry down nearby side streets. Subsequently, Nevius pulled

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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.

1 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 2502(c), 6105(a)(1). J-S38029-24

alongside Henry and fired multiple shots into Henry’s vehicle before driving

away. Police officers responded to a report of shots fired and found Henry

suffering from multiple bullet wounds. Henry was transported to hospital, and

eventually died as a result of his injuries.

Police arrested Nevius and charged him with criminal homicide and

persons not to possess a firearm. On May 3, 2023, Nevius entered an open

guilty plea to third-degree murder and persons not to possess a firearm.

Ultimately, the trial court sentenced Nevius to an aggregate term of thirty to

sixty years in prison, followed by twelve months of probation. 2 Nevius filed a

post-sentence motion, which the trial court denied.

Nevius timely appealed. On January 3, 2024, the trial court directed

Nevius to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement within twenty-one days.

Nevius filed a Rule 1925(b) statement on January 25, 2024.

On appeal, Nevius challenges the discretionary aspects of his sentence,

claiming that the trial court failed to properly consider mitigating factors, and

2 Specifically, the trial court sentenced Nevius to twenty to forty years in prison

followed by twelve months of probation for the third-degree murder conviction and a consecutive sentence of ten to twenty years in prison for the firearm conviction. The sentence for the firearm conviction is the statutory maximum for a first-degree felony. 18 Pa.C.S. § 1103(1).

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failed to set forth reasons for the firearm sentence, which was above the

aggravated range.3 See Nevius’ Brief at 4.

Prior to addressing the claim raised, we must first decide whether the

untimely filing of Nevius’ Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement results in

waiver of his appellate issues. Regarding to untimely filed concise statements,

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(c)(3) states the following:

If an appellant represented by counsel in a criminal case was ordered to file and serve a Statement and either failed to do so, or untimely filed or served a Statement, such that the appellate court is convinced that counsel has been per se ineffective, and the trial court did not file an opinion, the appellate court may remand for appointment of new counsel, the filing or service of a Statement nunc pro tunc, and the preparation and filing of an opinion by the judge.

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(c)(3).

Here, although Nevius filed an untimely statement, we need not remand

for the appointment of new counsel or the filing and service of a statement

nunc pro tunc because Nevius’s counsel “filed a Rule 1925 concise statement

setting forth the alleged error, and the trial court has filed an opinion

addressing the issue presented in the 1925(b) concise statement.”

Commonwealth v. Burton, 973 A.2d 428, 433 (Pa. Super. 2009).

Accordingly, we will consider Nevius’ discretionary aspects of sentencing

challenge. See id.

3 We note that when a defendant enters an open guilty plea, he may challenge

the discretionary aspects of the sentence imposed. See Commonwealth v. Brown, 240 A.3d 970, 972 (Pa. Super. 2020).

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“A challenge to the discretionary aspects of a sentence must be

considered a petition for permission to appeal, as the right to pursue such a

claim is not absolute.” Commonwealth v. Baker, 311 A.3d 12, 18 (Pa.

Super. 2024) (citation omitted). To invoke this Court’s jurisdiction, the

appellant must satisfy a four-part test:

(1) The appellant preserved the issue either by raising it at the time of sentencing or in a post-sentence motion; (2) the appellant filed a timely notice of appeal; (3) the appellant set forth a concise statement of reasons relied upon for the allowance of his appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) the appellant raises a substantial question for our review.

Commonwealth v. Rivera, 312 A.3d 366, 376-77 (Pa. Super. 2024) (citation

and brackets omitted).

A substantial question is determined on a case-by-case basis and exists

“only when the appellant advances a colorable argument that the sentencing

judge’s actions were either: (1) inconsistent with a specific provision of the

Sentencing Code; or (2) contrary to the fundamental norms which underlie

the sentencing process.” Commonwealth v. McCain, 176 A.3d 236, 240

(Pa. Super. 2017). A “substantial question determination does not require the

court to decide the merits of whether the sentence is clearly unreasonable.”

Commonwealth v. Dodge, 77 A.3d 1263, 1270 (Pa. Super. 2013).

Here, Nevius preserved his claim in a post-sentence motion and filed a

timely appeal. Further, Nevius’ brief contains a concise statement of reasons

relied upon for the allowance of appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f), wherein

he asserts that the trial court imposed an excessive sentence without properly

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considering mitigating factors and without providing reasons for imposing an

aggravated range sentence for his firearms conviction. Nevius raises

substantial questions for our review. See Commonwealth v. Swope, 123

A.3d 333, 339 (Pa. Super. 2015) (stating that “an excessive sentence claim—

in conjunction with an assertion that the court failed to consider mitigating

factors—raises a substantial question”) (citation omitted); Commonwealth

v. Wellor, 731 A.2d 152, 155 (Pa. Super. 1999) (concluding a claim that “the

lower court failed to state on the record adequate reasons for imposing

sentences in the aggravated range” raises a substantial question).

Our standard of review when a defendant raises a challenge to the

discretionary aspects of sentencing is well established:

Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the sentencing judge, and a sentence will not be disturbed on appeal absent a manifest abuse of discretion. In this context, an abuse of discretion is not shown merely by an error in judgment. Rather, the appellant must establish, by reference to the record, that the sentencing court ignored or misapplied the law, exercised its judgment for reasons of partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill will, or arrived at a manifestly unreasonable decision.

Commonwealth v. Lekka, 210 A.3d 343, 350 (Pa. Super. 2019) (citation

omitted). Further, “[t]he sentencing judge can satisfy the requirement that

reasons for imposing sentence be placed on the record by indicating that he

or she has been informed by the [presentence investigation report].”

Commonwealth v. Edwards, 194 A.3d 625, 638 (Pa. Super. 2018) (citation

omitted).

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Nevius argues that the trial court imposed an excessive sentence

without considering any mitigating factors. Nevius’ Brief at 9, 11. Nevius also

contends that the trial court did not provide reasons on the record for the

sentence for the firearms conviction, which was above the aggravated range.

Id. at 12.

The record reflects that the trial court considered the presentence

investigation report, sentencing memoranda, victim impact statements, the

sentencing guidelines, and Nevius’ mental health exam. N.T., 2/2/2024, at 5,

6-7, 14, 27. The trial court further recognized the trauma Nevius experienced

as a child, noting he was raised by a drug addicted mother and that he suffered

from abuse and torment, which “attributed to some of [his] later behavior.”

Id. at 28. The trial court noted that the impact of a prison sentence on Nevius,

who had a daughter and was only twenty-seven years old, as well as the

impact of the murder on Henry’s family. Id. at 30. The trial court also

observed that Nevius was a smart person who had made a “series of bad

choices,” And that Nevius was under supervision when he committed the

murder. Id. at 29-30.

The trial court noted that “[t]he sentence imposed in this case properly

reflected consideration of the severity of [Nevius’] behavior, the impact it had

on his victim’s family, and balanced that against mitigating factors stemming

from childhood trauma he endured.” Trial Court Opinion, 2/2/2024, at 12 n.1.

Moreover, in addition to the evidence considered, the trial court, as noted

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above, had the benefit of a presentence investigation report, and we therefore

presume “that the court is aware of all appropriate sentencing factors and

considerations, and that where the court has been so informed, its discretion

should not be disturbed.” Commonwealth v. Miller, 275 A.3d 530, 535 (Pa.

Super. 2022). Likewise, the trial court being informed by the presentence

investigation report satisfied the requirement of providing reasons for

imposing the sentence for each conviction. See Edwards, 194 A.3d at 638.

Therefore, Nevius’ claim is without merit.

Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Date: 11/27/2024

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