J-S08006-18
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : GASTON T. NEAL : : Appellant : No. 357 WDA 2017
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence January 19, 2017 In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-02-CR-0014319-2015
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and STEVENS*, P.J.E.
JUDGMENT ORDER BY LAZARUS, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 27, 2018
Gaston T. Neal appeals from the judgment of sentence, entered in the
Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County, following his conviction of simple
assault1 and disorderly conduct.2 After our review, we affirm.
Neal went to the customer service desk of the Shadyside Giant Eagle
Market to cash a check. The customer service employee was unable to cash
the check for Neal. Neal spoke with Detective John Gilkey, who was working
off-duty detail in the store at the time, and Detective Gilkey explained the
store’s policy to Neal. Neal, however, returned to the customer service
employee’s desk and became disruptive. The customer service employee
called Detective Gilkey and asked him to remove Neal from the store. As
____________________________________________
1 18 Pa.C.S. § 2701(a)(1).
2 18 Pa.C.S. § 5503(a)(2). ____________________________________ * Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court. J-S08006-18
Detective Gilkey was escorting Neal out of the store, holding on to one of
Neal’s arms, Neal used his free arm to hit Detective Gilkey. After Neal broke
free, he swung again at Detective Gilkey, who was able to avoid being hit.
Following a bench trial before the Honorable Donna Jo McDaniel, the
court convicted Neal of simple assault and disorderly conduct, and sentenced
him to a one-year term of probation. This appeal followed.
On appeal, Neal challenges the sufficiency of the evidence supporting
his simple assault conviction.3 He argues that there was no evidence that he
had the intent to cause bodily injury to Detective Gilkey, and there was no
evidence that Detective Gilkey suffered any bodily injury.
Our standard of review with regard to sufficiency claims is well settled:
A claim challenging the sufficiency of the evidence is a question of law. Evidence will be deemed sufficient to support the verdict when it establishes each material element of the crime charged and the commission thereof by the accused, beyond a reasonable doubt. . . . When reviewing a sufficiency claim the court is required to view the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict winner giving the prosecution the benefit of all reasonable inferences to be drawn from the evidence.
Commonwealth v. Widmer, 744 A.2d 745, 751 (Pa. 2000).
The Crimes Code defines simple assault as follows:
§ 2701. Simple assault
(a) Offense defined.--Except as provided under section 2702 (relating to aggravated assault), a person is guilty of assault if he:
3 Neal raised a weight of the evidence claim in his Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement of errors complained of on appeal. He has abandoned that claim in his brief on appeal.
-2- J-S08006-18
(1) attempts to cause or intentionally, knowingly or recklessly causes bodily injury to another;
18 Pa.C.S. §2701(a)(1).
Furthermore, it is axiomatic that simple assault does not require a victim to suffer actual bodily injury. The attempt to inflict bodily injury may be sufficient. This intent may be inferred from the circumstances surrounding the incident if a specific intent to cause bodily injury may reasonably be inferred therefrom.
Commonwealth v. Polston, 616 A.2d 669, 679 (Pa. Super. 1992) (internal
citations omitted). See also In Interest of C.E.H., 167 A.3d 767 (Pa. Super.
2017).
Detective Gilkey testified that Neal hit him once and attempted to hit
him a second time. Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the
Commonwealth, as verdict winner, we conclude the evidence was sufficient to
enable the factfinder to find each element of the crime simple assault beyond
a reasonable doubt. See Commonwealth v. Lewis, 911 A.2d 558 (Pa.
Super. 2006).
Judge McDaniel’s opinion properly disposes of Neal’s sufficiency claim,
and we rely on her opinion to affirm the judgment of sentence. The parties
are directed to attach a copy of that opinion in the event of further
proceedings.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
-3- J-S08006-18
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary
Date: 2/27/2018
-4- Circulated 02/15/2018 03:56 PM
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA CRIMINAL DIVISION
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
v. CC: 201514319
GASTON NEAL,
Defendant
OPINION
Filed By:
Honorable Donna Jo McDaniel Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County 323 Courthouse Pittsburgh, PA 15219
(412) 350-5434
'\ ,,,.,.. .....
APPENDIXC IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA CRIMINAL DIVISION
The Defendant has appealed from the judgment of sentence entered on January 19, 2017.
However, a review of the record reveals that the Defendant has failed to present any meritorious
issues on appeal and, therefore, the judgment of sentence should be affirmed.
The Defendant was charged with Simple Assault' and Disorderly Conduct2 in
conjunction with an incident at the Shadyside Giant Eagle Market District. He appeared before
this Court for a non-jury trial on January 19, 2017, and at its conclusion was adjudicated guilty
of Simple Assault and not guilty of Disorderly Conduct. He was immediately sentenced to a
term of probation of one (1) year. Timely Post-Sentence Motions were filed and were denied on
January 31, 2017. This appeal followed.
On appeal, the Defendant challenges the weight and sufficiency of the evidence. His
claims are addressed as follows:
1 18 Pa.C.S.A. §270l(a)(l) 2 18 Pa.C.S.A. §5503(a)(2) 1. Sufficiency ofthe Evidence
Initially, the Defendant argues that the evidence was insufficient to support the conviction
for Simple Assault. A careful review of the record reveals that this claim is meritless.
The evidence presented at trial established that in the early morning hours of November
12, 2015, the Defendant was attempting to cash a check at the customer service desk of the
Shadyside Giant Eagle Market District. When the Karen Hilbert, the Giant Eagle employee, was
unable to cash the check, the Defendant spoke to Detective John Gilkey, who was working a
detail at the time. Detective Gilkey explained the store's check cashing policy and then left the
area. Thereafter, Detective Gilkey was called back to the customer service area by Ms. Hilbert
because the Defendant had become loud and disorderly and she asked that he be removed from
the store. Detective Gilkey took the Defendant by the coat and escorted him toward the door.
When they had reached the outer lobby door to the parking lot, the Defendant swung his free arm
and hit Detective Gilkey. After breaking free, he· swung at Detective Gilkey again, but the
Detective was able to dodge the punch.
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J-S08006-18
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : GASTON T. NEAL : : Appellant : No. 357 WDA 2017
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence January 19, 2017 In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-02-CR-0014319-2015
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and STEVENS*, P.J.E.
JUDGMENT ORDER BY LAZARUS, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 27, 2018
Gaston T. Neal appeals from the judgment of sentence, entered in the
Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County, following his conviction of simple
assault1 and disorderly conduct.2 After our review, we affirm.
Neal went to the customer service desk of the Shadyside Giant Eagle
Market to cash a check. The customer service employee was unable to cash
the check for Neal. Neal spoke with Detective John Gilkey, who was working
off-duty detail in the store at the time, and Detective Gilkey explained the
store’s policy to Neal. Neal, however, returned to the customer service
employee’s desk and became disruptive. The customer service employee
called Detective Gilkey and asked him to remove Neal from the store. As
____________________________________________
1 18 Pa.C.S. § 2701(a)(1).
2 18 Pa.C.S. § 5503(a)(2). ____________________________________ * Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court. J-S08006-18
Detective Gilkey was escorting Neal out of the store, holding on to one of
Neal’s arms, Neal used his free arm to hit Detective Gilkey. After Neal broke
free, he swung again at Detective Gilkey, who was able to avoid being hit.
Following a bench trial before the Honorable Donna Jo McDaniel, the
court convicted Neal of simple assault and disorderly conduct, and sentenced
him to a one-year term of probation. This appeal followed.
On appeal, Neal challenges the sufficiency of the evidence supporting
his simple assault conviction.3 He argues that there was no evidence that he
had the intent to cause bodily injury to Detective Gilkey, and there was no
evidence that Detective Gilkey suffered any bodily injury.
Our standard of review with regard to sufficiency claims is well settled:
A claim challenging the sufficiency of the evidence is a question of law. Evidence will be deemed sufficient to support the verdict when it establishes each material element of the crime charged and the commission thereof by the accused, beyond a reasonable doubt. . . . When reviewing a sufficiency claim the court is required to view the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict winner giving the prosecution the benefit of all reasonable inferences to be drawn from the evidence.
Commonwealth v. Widmer, 744 A.2d 745, 751 (Pa. 2000).
The Crimes Code defines simple assault as follows:
§ 2701. Simple assault
(a) Offense defined.--Except as provided under section 2702 (relating to aggravated assault), a person is guilty of assault if he:
3 Neal raised a weight of the evidence claim in his Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement of errors complained of on appeal. He has abandoned that claim in his brief on appeal.
-2- J-S08006-18
(1) attempts to cause or intentionally, knowingly or recklessly causes bodily injury to another;
18 Pa.C.S. §2701(a)(1).
Furthermore, it is axiomatic that simple assault does not require a victim to suffer actual bodily injury. The attempt to inflict bodily injury may be sufficient. This intent may be inferred from the circumstances surrounding the incident if a specific intent to cause bodily injury may reasonably be inferred therefrom.
Commonwealth v. Polston, 616 A.2d 669, 679 (Pa. Super. 1992) (internal
citations omitted). See also In Interest of C.E.H., 167 A.3d 767 (Pa. Super.
2017).
Detective Gilkey testified that Neal hit him once and attempted to hit
him a second time. Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the
Commonwealth, as verdict winner, we conclude the evidence was sufficient to
enable the factfinder to find each element of the crime simple assault beyond
a reasonable doubt. See Commonwealth v. Lewis, 911 A.2d 558 (Pa.
Super. 2006).
Judge McDaniel’s opinion properly disposes of Neal’s sufficiency claim,
and we rely on her opinion to affirm the judgment of sentence. The parties
are directed to attach a copy of that opinion in the event of further
proceedings.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
-3- J-S08006-18
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary
Date: 2/27/2018
-4- Circulated 02/15/2018 03:56 PM
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA CRIMINAL DIVISION
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
v. CC: 201514319
GASTON NEAL,
Defendant
OPINION
Filed By:
Honorable Donna Jo McDaniel Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County 323 Courthouse Pittsburgh, PA 15219
(412) 350-5434
'\ ,,,.,.. .....
APPENDIXC IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA CRIMINAL DIVISION
The Defendant has appealed from the judgment of sentence entered on January 19, 2017.
However, a review of the record reveals that the Defendant has failed to present any meritorious
issues on appeal and, therefore, the judgment of sentence should be affirmed.
The Defendant was charged with Simple Assault' and Disorderly Conduct2 in
conjunction with an incident at the Shadyside Giant Eagle Market District. He appeared before
this Court for a non-jury trial on January 19, 2017, and at its conclusion was adjudicated guilty
of Simple Assault and not guilty of Disorderly Conduct. He was immediately sentenced to a
term of probation of one (1) year. Timely Post-Sentence Motions were filed and were denied on
January 31, 2017. This appeal followed.
On appeal, the Defendant challenges the weight and sufficiency of the evidence. His
claims are addressed as follows:
1 18 Pa.C.S.A. §270l(a)(l) 2 18 Pa.C.S.A. §5503(a)(2) 1. Sufficiency ofthe Evidence
Initially, the Defendant argues that the evidence was insufficient to support the conviction
for Simple Assault. A careful review of the record reveals that this claim is meritless.
The evidence presented at trial established that in the early morning hours of November
12, 2015, the Defendant was attempting to cash a check at the customer service desk of the
Shadyside Giant Eagle Market District. When the Karen Hilbert, the Giant Eagle employee, was
unable to cash the check, the Defendant spoke to Detective John Gilkey, who was working a
detail at the time. Detective Gilkey explained the store's check cashing policy and then left the
area. Thereafter, Detective Gilkey was called back to the customer service area by Ms. Hilbert
because the Defendant had become loud and disorderly and she asked that he be removed from
the store. Detective Gilkey took the Defendant by the coat and escorted him toward the door.
When they had reached the outer lobby door to the parking lot, the Defendant swung his free arm
and hit Detective Gilkey. After breaking free, he· swung at Detective Gilkey again, but the
Detective was able to dodge the punch. The Defendant was eventually subdued and taken into
custody. The incident was captured on surveillance video, which was viewed by this Court
during the trial.
When reviewing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, the court must determine
"whether, viewing all the evidence admitted at trial in the light most favorable to the verdict
winner, there is sufficient evidence to enable the fact-finder to find every element of the crime
beyond a reasonable doubt ... [An appellate court] may not weigh the evidence and substitute [itsJ
judgment for the fact finder. In addition ... the facts and circumstances established by the
Commonwealth need not preclude every possibility of innocence. Any doubts regarding
2 appellant's guilt may be resolved by the fact-finder unless the evidence is so weak and
inconclusive that as a matter of law no probability. of fact may be drawn from the combined
circumstances ... Furthermore, the Commonwealth may sustain its burden of proving every
element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt by means of wholly circumstantial evidence."
.c&mmonwcallh v. Le�, 911 A.2d 558, 563 (Pa.Super. 2006).
Our Crimes Code defines Simple Assault as follows:
§2701. Simple assault
(a) Offense defined - Except as provided under section 2702 (relating to aggravated assault), a person is guilty ofassault ifhe:
(1) attempts to cause or intentionally, knowingly or recklessly causes bodily injury to another;
18 Pa.C.S.A. §2701.
The evidence discussed above is clearly sufficient to support the conviction for Simple
Assault. Detective Gilkey testified that the Defendant hit him once and attempted to hit him a
second time. As noted above, the incident was captured on surveillance video. The evidence
presented at trial established all of the requisite elements of the crime of simple assault, and thus
the evidence was sufficient to support the conviction. This claim is meritless.
2. Weight of the Evidence
Next, the Defendant argues that the verdict was against the weight of the evidence.
Again, this claim is meritless.
It is well-established that the "scope of review for [a weight of the evidence] claim is
very narrow. The determination of whether to grant a new trial because the verdict is against the
weight of the evidence rests within the discretion of the trial court, and [the appellate court) will
3 not disturb that decision absent an abuse of discretion. Where issues of credibility and weight
are concerned, it is not the function of the appellate court to substitute its judgment based on a
cold record for that of the trial court. The weight to be accorded conflicting evidence is
exclusively for the fact-finder, whose findings will not be disturbed on appeal if they are
supported by the record. A claim that the evidence presented at trial was contradictory and
unable to support the verdict requires the grant of a new trial only when the verdict is so contrary
to the evidence as to shock one's sense of justice." �ommonwealth v. Knox, 50 A.3d 732, 737-8
(Pa.Super. 2012).
Moreover, "when the challenge to the weight of the evidence is predicated on the
credibility of trial testimony, [appellate] review of the trial court's decision is extremely limited.
Generally, unless the evidence is so unreliable and/or contradictory as to make any verdict based
thereon pure conjecture, those types of claims are not cognizable on appellate review."
C0mm9mvealth v. Bowt,n, 55 A.3d 1254, 1262 (Pa.Super. 2012).
"Where the trial court has ruled on the weight claim below, an appellate court's role is not
to consider the underlying question of whether the verdict is against the weight of the evidence.
Rather, appellate review is limited to whether the trial court palpably abused its discretion in
ruling on the weight claim." Commonweulth v. SbaHer, 40 A.3d 1250, 1253 (Pa.Super. 2012).
"A motion for new trial on grounds that the verdict is contrary to the weight of the evidence
concedes that there is sufficient evidence to sustain the verdict but contends, nevertheless, that
the verdict is against the weight of the evidence." Commonwealth v. Moreno, 14 A.3d 13 3, 136
(Pa.Super. 2011 ).
4 At the conclusion of the evidence, this Court placed its findings on the record. It stated:
THE COURT; Okay. Giving credibility to Officer Gilkey rather than to Mr. Neal whose testimony seemed to be weak and evasive Pm going to find the defendant guilty of simple assault. I feel that he did assault the officer. Whether or not the tazer was appropriately used is not in my purview to decide, and I will find the defendant not guilty of disorderly conduct.
(Trial Transcript, p. 22).
Because the Defendant properly raised his weight of the evidence claim on Post-Sentence
Motions, the appellate court's review is only directed to this Court's discretion in denying the
motion. See Shaffer, supra. After reviewing the record and the evidence discussed above, it
cannot be said under any analysis that the testimony presented at trial was "so unreliable and/or
contradictory as to make any verdict based thereon pure conjecture," see Bowen, supra.
Detective Gilkey, whose testimony this Court found to be credible, testified that the Defendant
struck him and attempted to hit him a second time. Given the evidence presented at trial and
discussed above, there is no question that the verdict was appropriate and not "shocking" to the
conscience. This claim must fail.
Accordingly, for the above reasons of fact and law, the judgment of sentence entered on
January 19, 2017 must be affirmed.