J-A22041-22
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : TERRENCE JOHNSON : : Appellant : No. 385 WDA 2021
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered February 24, 2021 In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-02-CR-0011193-2007
BEFORE: OLSON, J., DUBOW, J., and COLINS, J.
MEMORANDUM BY COLINS, J.: FILED: JANUARY 03, 2023
Terrence Johnson, pro se, appeals from the order dismissing, as
untimely, his second petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act.
See 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. We affirm.
Adopting the summary of the case, as written by the lower court:
On May 10, 2007, India Worlds … accused Johnson of raping her. In the days following Worlds’s rape allegation, tensions increased between friends and relatives of Johnson and Worlds. At some point, Lamar George, a friend of Worlds’s mother, confronted Johnson over the rape allegation. Animosity quickly began to grow between the two men. At approximately 2:40 a.m. on May 16, 2007, Johnson was searching for George to confront him about the rape allegation. Johnson went to George’s apartment complex with two of his friends and, when the men arrived, they attempted to convince George to come outside. However, when George saw that Johnson and his friends were carrying firearms, he refused to exit his apartment. In an effort to get George out of his residence, Johnson went to the residence of ____________________________________________
Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court. J-A22041-22
James Windsor, who was a close friend of both Worlds and George. Johnson persuaded Windsor to leave his residence and go to George’s residence and ask him to come outside, assuring him that it was safe to do so. When George refused to exit the residence, Johnson shot Windsor in the back of his head, killing him instantly.
Johnson was ultimately found guilty of first[-]degree murder, firearms not to be carried without a license, and person not to possess firearms. On June 11, 2009, [Johnson] appeared before [the lower court] for sentencing and received a sentence of life imprisonment in relation to his first[-]degree murder conviction. [The lower court] imposed a term of incarceration of not less than three and one half … and not more than seven years as a result of his conviction for carrying a firearm without a license. Johnson received no further penalty in relation to the remaining count.
Trial Court Opinion, at 1-2 (undated and unpaginated) (footnotes omitted).
After sentencing, Johnson filed post-sentence motions that were denied.
Then, he filed a notice of appeal to this Court, which resulted in an affirmance
of his judgment of sentence. Following our disposition, Johnson filed a petition
for allowance of appeal with our Supreme Court, which was correspondingly
denied on August 15, 2012. No further review was sought.
Approximately ten months later, Johnson filed his first PCRA petition.
After the appointment of counsel and an evidentiary hearing, Johnson’s
petition was dismissed. We affirmed Johnson’s appeal from this determination,
and our Supreme Court denied his petition for allowance of appeal from our
decision.
On July 24, 2019, Johnson filed the present PCRA petition. Attached to
that petition was a one-page letter, marked as Exhibit A, from the
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Pennsylvania Innocence Project, dated June 4, 2019, which served to “update
[Johnson] on the status of [the Innocence Project’s] investigation into [his]
case.” PCRA Petition, dated 7/24/19, Ex. A. Of note, the letter identified two
individuals, Raneisha Hall and Lauren Thomas, as having indicated that “they
witnessed someone else commit the murder.” Id. Eventually, and in an
apparent attempt to supplement his petition, Johnson filed a signed statement
from Raneisha Hall reinforcing, in part, what was stated in the Innocence
Project letter: that Hall saw another shoot Windsor. See Petitioner’s Affidavits
in Support of Objections to the PCRA Court[’]s Notice of Intent to Dismiss
Pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907, dated 10/15/20 (the exclusive, yet
unenumerated, affidavit attached to this filing).
The lower court determined that Johnson’s second PCRA petition was
time barred and without exception, which resulted in its dismissal. Johnson
timely appealed from this determination, and the relevant parties have
complied with their obligations under Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate
Procedure 1925. As such, this matter is ripe for review.
On appeal, Johnson asks:
1. Did the lower court err and abuse its discretion by dismissing his second PCRA petition without appointing counsel and providing an evidentiary hearing, as he timely presented newly discovered evidence from the Pennsylvania Innocence Project that serves to demonstrate his innocence?
See Appellant’s Brief, at 10.
“Our standard of review of a PCRA court’s dismissal of a PCRA petition
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is limited to examining whether the PCRA court’s determination is supported
by the evidence of record and free of legal error.” Commonwealth v. Wilson,
824 A.2d 331, 333 (Pa. Super. 2003) (citation omitted). Before delving into
the thrust of Johnson’s argument, however, we must first ascertain whether
we have jurisdiction to consider his underlying petition. See Commonwealth
v. Fahy, 737 A.2d 214, 223 (Pa. 1999). Normally, to be considered timely, a
PCRA petition must be filed within one year of the date the judgment becomes
final. See Commonwealth v. Copenhefer, 941 A.2d 646, 648 (Pa. 2007);
see also 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3) (“[A] judgment becomes final at the
conclusion of direct review, including discretionary review in the Supreme
Court of the United States and the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, or at the
expiration of time for seeking the review.”). An untimely PCRA petition renders
the court without jurisdiction to consider its merits. See Commonwealth v.
Ali, 86 A.3d 173, 177 (Pa. 2014).
To circumvent the PCRA’s time bar, a petitioner can avail himself of one
of the PCRA’s three statutorily enumerated exceptions. See Commonwealth
v. Smallwood, 155 A.3d 1054, 1059-60 (Pa. Super. 2017). Of exclusive
relevance to the present case is exception number two, which requires the
petition to allege and the petitioner to prove that “the facts upon which the
claim is predicated were unknown to the petitioner and could not have been
ascertained by the exercise of due diligence[.]” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(ii).
If the claim arose on December 24, 2017, or thereafter, the petitioner has one
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year from the date the claim could have been presented to file the petition.
See id., at § 9545(b)(2) (amended in 2018) (establishing by implication that
any claim arising prior to December 24, 2017, is subject to the old “within
sixty days of the date the claim could have been presented” rule).
As Johnson, on direct appeal, did not file a petition for a writ of certiorari
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J-A22041-22
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : TERRENCE JOHNSON : : Appellant : No. 385 WDA 2021
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered February 24, 2021 In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-02-CR-0011193-2007
BEFORE: OLSON, J., DUBOW, J., and COLINS, J.
MEMORANDUM BY COLINS, J.: FILED: JANUARY 03, 2023
Terrence Johnson, pro se, appeals from the order dismissing, as
untimely, his second petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act.
See 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. We affirm.
Adopting the summary of the case, as written by the lower court:
On May 10, 2007, India Worlds … accused Johnson of raping her. In the days following Worlds’s rape allegation, tensions increased between friends and relatives of Johnson and Worlds. At some point, Lamar George, a friend of Worlds’s mother, confronted Johnson over the rape allegation. Animosity quickly began to grow between the two men. At approximately 2:40 a.m. on May 16, 2007, Johnson was searching for George to confront him about the rape allegation. Johnson went to George’s apartment complex with two of his friends and, when the men arrived, they attempted to convince George to come outside. However, when George saw that Johnson and his friends were carrying firearms, he refused to exit his apartment. In an effort to get George out of his residence, Johnson went to the residence of ____________________________________________
Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court. J-A22041-22
James Windsor, who was a close friend of both Worlds and George. Johnson persuaded Windsor to leave his residence and go to George’s residence and ask him to come outside, assuring him that it was safe to do so. When George refused to exit the residence, Johnson shot Windsor in the back of his head, killing him instantly.
Johnson was ultimately found guilty of first[-]degree murder, firearms not to be carried without a license, and person not to possess firearms. On June 11, 2009, [Johnson] appeared before [the lower court] for sentencing and received a sentence of life imprisonment in relation to his first[-]degree murder conviction. [The lower court] imposed a term of incarceration of not less than three and one half … and not more than seven years as a result of his conviction for carrying a firearm without a license. Johnson received no further penalty in relation to the remaining count.
Trial Court Opinion, at 1-2 (undated and unpaginated) (footnotes omitted).
After sentencing, Johnson filed post-sentence motions that were denied.
Then, he filed a notice of appeal to this Court, which resulted in an affirmance
of his judgment of sentence. Following our disposition, Johnson filed a petition
for allowance of appeal with our Supreme Court, which was correspondingly
denied on August 15, 2012. No further review was sought.
Approximately ten months later, Johnson filed his first PCRA petition.
After the appointment of counsel and an evidentiary hearing, Johnson’s
petition was dismissed. We affirmed Johnson’s appeal from this determination,
and our Supreme Court denied his petition for allowance of appeal from our
decision.
On July 24, 2019, Johnson filed the present PCRA petition. Attached to
that petition was a one-page letter, marked as Exhibit A, from the
-2- J-A22041-22
Pennsylvania Innocence Project, dated June 4, 2019, which served to “update
[Johnson] on the status of [the Innocence Project’s] investigation into [his]
case.” PCRA Petition, dated 7/24/19, Ex. A. Of note, the letter identified two
individuals, Raneisha Hall and Lauren Thomas, as having indicated that “they
witnessed someone else commit the murder.” Id. Eventually, and in an
apparent attempt to supplement his petition, Johnson filed a signed statement
from Raneisha Hall reinforcing, in part, what was stated in the Innocence
Project letter: that Hall saw another shoot Windsor. See Petitioner’s Affidavits
in Support of Objections to the PCRA Court[’]s Notice of Intent to Dismiss
Pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907, dated 10/15/20 (the exclusive, yet
unenumerated, affidavit attached to this filing).
The lower court determined that Johnson’s second PCRA petition was
time barred and without exception, which resulted in its dismissal. Johnson
timely appealed from this determination, and the relevant parties have
complied with their obligations under Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate
Procedure 1925. As such, this matter is ripe for review.
On appeal, Johnson asks:
1. Did the lower court err and abuse its discretion by dismissing his second PCRA petition without appointing counsel and providing an evidentiary hearing, as he timely presented newly discovered evidence from the Pennsylvania Innocence Project that serves to demonstrate his innocence?
See Appellant’s Brief, at 10.
“Our standard of review of a PCRA court’s dismissal of a PCRA petition
-3- J-A22041-22
is limited to examining whether the PCRA court’s determination is supported
by the evidence of record and free of legal error.” Commonwealth v. Wilson,
824 A.2d 331, 333 (Pa. Super. 2003) (citation omitted). Before delving into
the thrust of Johnson’s argument, however, we must first ascertain whether
we have jurisdiction to consider his underlying petition. See Commonwealth
v. Fahy, 737 A.2d 214, 223 (Pa. 1999). Normally, to be considered timely, a
PCRA petition must be filed within one year of the date the judgment becomes
final. See Commonwealth v. Copenhefer, 941 A.2d 646, 648 (Pa. 2007);
see also 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3) (“[A] judgment becomes final at the
conclusion of direct review, including discretionary review in the Supreme
Court of the United States and the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, or at the
expiration of time for seeking the review.”). An untimely PCRA petition renders
the court without jurisdiction to consider its merits. See Commonwealth v.
Ali, 86 A.3d 173, 177 (Pa. 2014).
To circumvent the PCRA’s time bar, a petitioner can avail himself of one
of the PCRA’s three statutorily enumerated exceptions. See Commonwealth
v. Smallwood, 155 A.3d 1054, 1059-60 (Pa. Super. 2017). Of exclusive
relevance to the present case is exception number two, which requires the
petition to allege and the petitioner to prove that “the facts upon which the
claim is predicated were unknown to the petitioner and could not have been
ascertained by the exercise of due diligence[.]” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(ii).
If the claim arose on December 24, 2017, or thereafter, the petitioner has one
-4- J-A22041-22
year from the date the claim could have been presented to file the petition.
See id., at § 9545(b)(2) (amended in 2018) (establishing by implication that
any claim arising prior to December 24, 2017, is subject to the old “within
sixty days of the date the claim could have been presented” rule).
As Johnson, on direct appeal, did not file a petition for a writ of certiorari
with the United States Supreme Court, his judgment of sentence became final
ninety days after our Supreme Court denied his petition for allowance of
appeal. See U.S.Sup.Ct. Rule 13(1) (allowing for a filing window of ninety
days after the entry of an order denying discretionary review). Therefore,
Johnson’s judgment of sentence became final in November 2012, and,
pursuant to the PCRA’s Section 9545(b)(1), he had until November 2013 to
file a timely PCRA petition. With these precepts in mind, Johnson’s 2019
petition is facially untimely.
Johnson asserts that he first learned of four witnesses who could provide
“exculpatory and impeachment evidence” helpful to his case on June 4, 2019,
when he “received a correspondence from John Robert Butler[,] Staff
Investigator for the Pennsylvania Innocence Project[.]” Appellant’s Brief, at
14.1 In that letter, Butler “informed [Johnson] that on April 25, 2019, [Butler]
____________________________________________
1 We note that, despite attaching four affidavits to his brief before this Court, it appears that only one of those affidavits, authored by Raneisha Hall, is part of the record that was before the lower court. Moreover, Johnson’s concise statement of matters complained of on appeal solely discusses Hall’s affidavit, to the exclusion of the three other apparent witnesses.
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interviewed Courtney Jeter, Asia Allen, Raneisha Hall, and Lauren Thomas.”
Id.
As outlined, supra, Section 9545(b)(1)(ii) requires a petitioner to allege
and prove that: (1) there is a “fact” that was unknown to him; and (2) that
the same fact could not have been determined through the exercise of due
diligence. We emphasize that “[t]he focus of the exception is on the newly
discovered facts, not on a newly discovered or newly willing source for
previously known facts.” Commonwealth v. Marshall, 947 A.2d 714, 720
(Pa. 2008) (citation and brackets omitted). Moreover, “[d]ue diligence
demands that the petitioner take reasonable steps to protect his own
interests. A petitioner must explain why he could not have learned of the new
fact(s) earlier with the exercise of due diligence.” Commonwealth v.
Williams, 35 A.3d 44, 53 (Pa. Super. 2011) (emphasis added) (citations
omitted).
Assuming, arguendo, that the contents of Hall’s affidavit establish, in its
entirety, a new fact that was previously unknown to him, Johnson makes no
attempt to provide any background information serving to demonstrate what
led to its discovery. Other than baldly suggesting that “all the witnesses
admitted to intentionally withholding [allegedly exculpatory information] from
everyone[,] including law enforcement, prior to their April 25, 2019[]
interview with … Butler because they were fearful[,]” Appellant’s Brief, at 15,
Johnson has not identified how or why these meetings between the
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Pennsylvania Innocence Project and four witnesses came to fruition. It strains
credulity to assume that the Innocence Project would have some sort of innate
knowledge of witnesses that could possibly be relevant to Johnson’s case
without Johnson knowing the same (or Johnson, himself, being the genesis of
that information). In fact, the Innocence Project’s letter, by its very wording,
appears to show some sort of existing relationship between Johnson and that
organization. See Appellant’s Brief, Appendix 3, Pennsylvania Innocence
Project letter dated June 4, 2019 (unpaginated) (identifying that its author
“wanted to write to [Johnson] to update [him] on the status of [the Innocence
Project’s] investigation into [his] case[]”) (emphasis added). However,
Johnson has not even provided a scintilla of information relevant to anything
that transpired prior to the Innocence Project’s interviews. Instead, Johnson
assumes that the letter’s language, facially, is sufficient to demonstrate that
he engaged in due diligence.
In Hall’s affidavit, which is dated October 2, 2019 (almost six months
after the interviews described in the Innocence Project’s letter), she
specifically mentions that she knew Johnson and “spoke with him occasionally
on the phone after he was convicted.” Appellant’s Brief, Appendix 8,
Certification of Raneisha Hall (unpaginated). Hall also indicates that she has
“now decided to tell the truth about what [she] witnessed because [she]
moved away from [the area after Windsor was murdered.]” Id. Juxtaposed
against the precise language of the Innocence Project’s letter, though, Hall’s
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decision to provide this information had already been made by April, or
possibly earlier, of that same year. See Appellant’s Brief, Appendix 3,
Pennsylvania Innocence Project letter dated June 4, 2019 (unpaginated)
(writing that the Innocence Project spoke to Hall on April 25, 2019, but no
indication as to what had been discussed or known prior to that date).
Simply put, Johnson has not, with any degree of certainty,
demonstrated what happened or what was known prior to the Innocence
Project’s interviews. Despite it being his burden to plead and prove, without
any clear timeline of events, we cannot tell when he gleaned some notion that
Hall’s statement could provide him with information possibly beneficial to him
in a collateral appeal. Such information could have been garnered months, if
not years, prior, and without any clarity on the issue, we are left with pure
speculation in pinpointing a precise date. With this ambiguity inherent in the
record, we agree with the lower court’s determination that Johnson has not
demonstrated due diligence. Accordingly, having failed to plead and prove an
exception to the PCRA’s time bar, we without jurisdiction to consider his
underlying claim. Correspondingly, we affirm the order dismissing his second
PCRA petition.
Order affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary
Date: 01/03/2023
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