Com. v. Cottman, G.

• Court: Superior Court of Pennsylvania
• Decided: December 31, 2020
• Docket: 1386 EDA 2020
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

J-S56038-20

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : GREGORY COTTMAN : : Appellant : No. 1386 EDA 2020

Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered June 29, 2020 In the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-23-CR-0004176-1999

BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., KUNSELMAN, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY PELLEGRINI, J.: FILED: DECEMBER 31, 2020

Gregory Cottman (Cottman) appeals pro se from the order entered

denying his petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA),

42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546, in the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County

(PCRA court). Cottman challenges the legality of his sentence. After our

thorough review, we affirm.

I.

We take the following factual and procedural histories from our

independent review of the certified record. On April 20, 2000, a jury convicted

Cottman of Robbery, Theft by Unlawful Taking, Conspiracy and Possession of

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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court. J-S56038-20

a Firearm Without a License. The charges related to Cottman’s robbing of an

undercover Upper Darby Police Detective and confidential informant at

gunpoint during the purchase of illegal narcotics.1 On June 6, 2000, the court

sentenced Cottman to a term of incarceration of not less than 66 nor more

than 216 months for the Robbery conviction, a consecutive term of not less

than 36 nor more than 180 months for Conspiracy to Commit Robbery, and a

consecutive term of not less than 14 nor more than 84 months on the

Possession of a Firearm Without a License conviction, resulting in an aggregate

term of not less than nine years, eight months nor more than 40 years’

incarceration. The Theft by Unlawful Taking and Conspiracy to Commit Theft

by Unlawful Taking conviction merged for sentencing purposes. The court

denied Cottman’s post-sentence motion requesting that it reconsider the

sentence because it was imposed upon consideration of information contained

in the Pre-Sentence Investigation (PSI) report that conflicted with his version

of events. (See Motion to Reconsider Sentence, 6/06/00, at 1). This Court

affirmed2 his judgment of sentence on June 21, 2001, and the Pennsylvania

Supreme Court denied further review on November 20, 2001. (See

1 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3701(a)(2), 3921(a), 903(a) and 6106(a)(1), respectively.

2 On direct appeal, Cottman challenged the sufficiency of the evidence to support his Robbery conviction, not the issue raised in his post-sentence motion. (See Commonwealth v. Cottman, No. 2666 EDA 2000, unpublished memorandum at *5 (Pa. Super. filed 6/21/01).

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Commonwealth v. Cottman, 779 A.2d 1215 (Pa. Super. 2001), appeal

denied, 790 A.2d 1013 (Pa. 2001)).

Eighteen years later, on December 30, 2019, Cottman filed a pro se

Application for Modification and Reconsideration in which he argued that his

sentence, although “well within the statute,” is excessive and illegal.

(Application for Modification/Reconsideration, 12/30/19, at Paragraphs 8, 14).

Specifically, he claimed the aggregate sentence violates the Sentencing

Guidelines, was in retaliation for him not taking the plea deal offered by the

Commonwealth, and was not supported by the record. (See id. at Paragraphs

8, 11, 14, 15). The court denied the motion on January 2, 2020, as an

untimely post-sentence motion that raised a discretionary and not a legality

issue as alleged by Cottman.3 (See Order, 1/02/20, at 1 n.1 & 2). Cottman

did not appeal the court’s order.

On January 17, 2020, Cottman filed a pro se first PCRA petition in which

he argued that the court’s imposition of consecutive sentences resulted in an

aggregate sentence that “was manifestly excessive, unreasonably harsh,

outside of the recommended sentencing guidelines, not imposed in

accordance with the currently established precedent[,] imposed in retaliation

3 The PCRA opinion reflects that Cottman’s Application for Modification/Reconsideration was filed on December 13, 2019, and that the court treated it as a PCRA petition. (See PCRA Court Opinion, 7/17/20, at 1- 2). However, we are relying on the court’s docket and review of the record for our recitation of the procedural history.

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for not accepting a negotiated plea agreement previously offered,” failed to

consider mitigating factors, and violated the Sentencing Code, which he

recently discovered by talking to an inmate and doing research at the prison

law library. (See PCRA Petition, 1/17/20, at Paragraphs 16, 19-22, 25).

Appointed counsel filed a Turner/Finley4 letter and application to

withdraw on April 16, 2020. On May 14, 2020, the PCRA court provided

Cottman with Rule 907 notice of its intent to dismiss the petition without a

hearing and granted counsel’s application. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 907. It formally

dismissed Cottman’s PCRA petition as untimely with no exception proven on

July 1, 2020. He timely appealed.5 No Rule 1925(b) statement was ordered,

but the court filed an opinion on July 20, 2020. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925.

II.

A.

As a preliminary matter, we note that Cottman’s PCRA petition appears

to be an attempt at a “second bite at the apple” where he raised similar claims

in his Application for Modification/Reconsideration that the court denied as

4 Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988); Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988).

5 “We review an order granting or denying a petition for collateral relief to determine whether the PCRA court’s decision is supported by the evidence of record and free of legal error. We will not disturb the findings of the PCRA court unless there is no support for those findings in the record.” Commonwealth v. Velazquez, 216 A.3d 1146, 1149 (Pa. Super. 2019).

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untimely only two weeks prior to the PCRA petition’s filing. Moreover, we

concur with the Commonwealth’s observation that although Cottman frames

his PCRA petition as raising an illegal sentence claim, his arguments go to the

discretionary aspects of his sentence. (See Commonwealth’s Brief, at 7, 9);

(PCRA Petition, at Paragraph 21); see also Commonwealth v. Prisk, 13

A.3d 526, 532 (Pa. Super. 2011) (“[A]llegation of excessiveness due to

imposition of consecutive sentences implicates discretionary aspects of

sentencing.”) (citation omitted); Commonwealth v. Robinson, 931 A.2d 15,

21 (Pa. Super. 2007) (claim of vindictiveness implicates discretionary aspects

of sentence); Commonwealth v. Lee, 876 A.2d 408, 411 (Pa. Super. 2005)

(claim that sentence is manifestly excessive goes to discretionary aspects of

sentencing); Commonwealth v. Archer, 722 A.2d 203, 209 (Pa. Super.

1998) (en banc) (“[M]isapplication of the Sentencing Guidelines constitutes a

challenge to the discretionary aspects of sentence.”); Commonwealth v.

Cruz-Centano, 668 A.2d 536, 545 (Pa. Super. 1995), appeal denied, 676

A.2d 1195 (Pa. 1996) (claim that sentencing court failed to consider certain

mitigating factor implicates the discretionary aspects of sentence).

It is well-settled that “[c]hallenges to the discretionary aspects of

sentencing are not cognizable under the PCRA.” Commonwealth v. Fowler,

930 A.2d 586, 593 (Pa. Super.2007), appeal denied, 944 A.2d 756 (Pa. 2008);

see also Commonwealth v. Wrecks, 934 A.2d 1287, 1288 (Pa. Super.

2007) (“Requests for relief with respect to the discretionary aspects of

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sentence are not cognizable in PCRA proceedings.”) (citation omitted). Hence,

Cottman is not entitled to any relief under the PCRA.

Furthermore, even if Cottman’s claim were cognizable, it would not

merit relief.

B.

Cottman argues that his sentence is “illegal” because it is “manifestly

excessive, outside the guidelines, not in conformity with the mandated

procedural requirements of 42 Pa.C.S. § 9721(b) and in excess of the

statutory maximum when consecutively aggregated.” (Cottman’s Brief, at 7).

He concedes that his petition is untimely. (See id. at 8);6 7 see also

Commonwealth v. Jones, 54 A.3d 14, 16-17 (Pa. 2012) (“A PCRA petition,

including a second or subsequent one, must be filed within one year of the

6 Cottman’s judgment of sentence became final on February 18, 2002, 90 days after the Pennsylvania Supreme Court denied his petition for allowance of appeal. See Sup.Ct.R. 13. Therefore, he had one year from that date to file a petition for collateral relief unless he pleaded and proved that a timeliness exception applied. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii). Accordingly, Cottman’s current petition, filed on December 30, 2019, 17 years past the deadline, is untimely on its face unless he pleads and proves one of the statutory exceptions to the time-bar.

7 Cottman also maintains that the PCRA timeliness requirements do not apply to this matter because his issue challenges the legality of his sentence. (See Cottman’s Brief, at 15). However, it is well-settled that, “[a]lthough legality of the sentence is always subject to review within the PCRA, claims must still first satisfy the PCRA’s time limits or one of the exceptions thereto.” Commonwealth v. Fahy, 737 A.2d 214, 223 (Pa. Super. 1999) (citation omitted). Moreover, as we noted above, Cottman’s claim challenges the discretionary, not illegal, aspects of his sentence.

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date the petitioner’s judgment of sentence became final, unless he pleads and

proves one of the three exceptions outlined in 42 Pa.C.S.[A.] § 9545(b)(1).”)

(citation and footnote omitted).

Section 9545 of the PCRA provides only three exceptions that allow for

review of an untimely PCRA petition: (1) the petitioner’s inability to raise a

claim because of governmental interference; (2) the discovery of previously

unknown facts that would have supported a claim; and (3) a newly-recognized

constitutional right. See Jones, supra at 17. A PCRA petition invoking one

of these statutory exceptions must “be filed within 60 days of the date the

claim could have been presented.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(2).

Cottman maintains that the discovery of previously unknown facts

exception to the PCRA time-bar applies to this case. (See Cottman’s Brief, at

4, 8-11, 14). Specifically, he alleges that “his recent exploration of the

institutional law library made available to him advised him that the maximum

sentence he received of 40 years was statutorily illegal.” (Id. at 11); (see

also id. at 14) (stating he discovered that his sentence was illegal “while he

was speaking with another inmate in the Institutional Law Library at the

institution in which he is currently confined.”). This claim fails.

We acknowledge that:

“[T]he presumption that information which is of public record cannot be deemed ‘unknown’ for purposes of subsection 9545(b)(1)(ii) does not apply to pro se prisoner petitioners. …”

“Accordingly, consistent with the statutory language, in determining whether a petitioner qualifies for the exception to the

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PCRA’s time requirements pursuant to subsection 9545(b)(1)(ii), the PCRA court must first determine whether ‘the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to the petitioner.’ … After the PCRA court makes a determination as to the petitioner’s knowledge, it should then proceed to consider whether, if the facts were unknown to the petitioner, the facts could have been ascertained by the exercise of due diligence, including an assessment of the petitioner’s access to public records.”

Commonwealth v. Burton, 158 A.3d 618, 638 (Pa. 2017) (emphasis

omitted).

Instantly, Cottman does not argue that he lacked access to the prison

law library. (See Cottman’s Brief, at 8-16). He merely states that he

discovered that his sentence was illegal when speaking to another inmate

there and that he then researched the issue. (Id. at 11, 14). He provides no

argument that he exercised either due diligence in discovering “facts” about

his sentence or why, in the nearly 20 years since his sentence was imposed,

they remained unknown until speaking with another inmate and thereafter

doing research. (See id. at 8-16).

Accordingly, even if relief under the PCRA were available to Cottman,

we agree with the PCRA court that he has failed to prove an exception to the

PCRA time-bar. See Velazquez, supra at 1149.8

8 Even if Cottman were entitled to PCRA relief and had proved a timeliness exception, his issue would lack merit. We discern no manifest abuse of discretion in the court’s decision to impose consecutive sentences that resulted in an aggregate term of not less than nine years and eight months nor more than 40 years where the court possessed a PSI report and was aware of all facts of the incident in which Cottman robbed an undercover police officer

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Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary

Date: 12/31/20

and confidential informant at gunpoint during an illegal narcotics buy. See Commonwealth v. Austin, 66 A.3d 798, 809 (Pa. Super. 2013), appeal denied, 77 A.3d 1258 (Pa. 2013) (“Sentencing is vested in the discretion of the trial court and will not be disturbed absent a manifest abuse of that discretion.”) (citation omitted). Hence, his issue would lack merit.

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