J-S62013-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA Appellee
v.
BRIAN CHARLES
Appellant No. 33 MDA 2017
Appeal from the PCRA Order entered November 29, 2016 In the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County Criminal Division at Nos: CP-22-CR-0000456-1995; CP-22-CR-0003728- 1994; CP-22-CR-0003279-1994; CP-22-CR-0003727-1994
BEFORE: STABILE, MOULTON, and STRASSBURGER,* JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.: FILED DECEMBER 06, 2017
Appellant, Brian Charles, appeals from the November 29, 2016 order
entered in the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County, dismissing his
petition for collateral relief pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA),
42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. Appellant argues the PCRA court erred in
dismissing the instant PCRA petition. We disagree. Accordingly, we affirm.
The underlying facts of this matter are not in dispute.1 A previous panel
of this Court adequately summarized the procedural history as follows.
____________________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1It also undisputed that Appellant was a “youth,” i.e., 21 years old at the time he committed the underlying crimes. See Appellant’s Brief at 9. J-S62013-17
On April 13, 1995, following a jury trial, [A]ppellant was found guilty of first degree murder, two counts of robbery, one count of robbery of a motor vehicle, one count of possession of prohibited offensive weapons, and four counts of criminal conspiracy. On May 19, 1995, [A]ppellant was sentenced to life imprisonment followed by a consecutive term of five to ten years’ imprisonment. After a timely appeal was filed, this [C]ourt vacated [A]ppellant’s judgment of sentence on May 8, 1996, and remanded the case for an evidentiary hearing on [A]ppellant’s ineffectiveness claims. Evidentiary hearings took place on June 28, 1996. The trial court held that [A]ppellant’s ineffectiveness claims were without merit and reinstated the judgment of sentence on September 19, 1996. On March 5, 1998, still on direct appeal, this [Court] affirmed the trial court’s decision denying [A]ppellant relief. Our [S]upreme [C]ourt denied allocatur on August 12, 1998. Appellant did not seek review with the United States Supreme Court.
Commonwealth v. Charles, No. 1863 MDA 2003, unpublished memorandum
at 1-2 (Pa. Super. filed October 7, 2004) (citations omitted).
Appellant filed the instant PCRA petition on March 29, 2016, which he
amended on September 7, 2016. The PCRA court dismissed the amended
petition on November 29, 2016. This appeal followed.
Appellant argues that his mandatory life-without-parole sentence for
homicide, which he committed while he was a youth, is unconstitutional, under
Miller v. Alabama, 132 S.Ct. 2455 (2012)2 and Montgomery v. Louisiana,
2 Miller held that “mandatory life without parole for those under the age of 18 at the time of their crimes violates the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on ‘cruel and unusual’ punishments.” Miller, 132 S.Ct. at 2460 (emphasis added).
-2- J-S62013-17
136 S.Ct. 718 (2016).3 PCRA Petition, 9/12/16, at 3-4; Appellant’s Brief at 5.
We disagree.
“[A]n appellate court reviews the PCRA court’s findings of fact to
determine whether they are supported by the record, and reviews its
conclusions of law to determine whether they are free from legal error.”
Commonwealth v. Spotz, 84 A.3d 294, 311 (Pa. 2014). All PCRA petitions,
“including a second or subsequent petition, shall be filed within one year of
the date the judgment becomes final” unless an exception to timeliness
applies. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). “The PCRA’s time restrictions are
jurisdictional in nature. Thus, [i]f a PCRA petition is untimely, neither this
Court nor the [PCRA] court has jurisdiction over the petition. Without
jurisdiction, we simply do not have the legal authority to address the
substantive claims.” Commonwealth v. Chester, 895 A.2d 520, 522 (Pa.
2006) (first alteration in original) (internal citations and quotation marks
omitted). As timeliness is separate and distinct from the merits of Appellant’s
underlying claims, we first determine whether this PCRA petition is timely
filed. See Commonwealth v. Stokes, 959 A.2d 306, 310 (Pa. 2008)
(consideration of Brady claim separate from consideration of its timeliness).
The timeliness requirements of the PCRA petition must be met, even if the
3 In Montgomery, the Unites States Supreme Court held that Miller was a new substantive rule that, under the United States Constitution, must be retroactively applied in cases on state collateral review. Montgomery, 136 S.Ct. at 736.
-3- J-S62013-17
underlying claim is a challenge to the legality of the sentence. See
Commonwealth v. Holmes, 933 A.2d 57, 60 (Pa. 2007) (“Although legality
of sentence is always subject to review within the PCRA, claims must still first
satisfy the PCRA’s time limits or one of the exceptions thereto”) (citing
Commonwealth v. Fahy, 737 A.2d 214, 223 (1999)).
We must first determine whether the instant petition is timely. As noted
above, Appellant filed the instant petition in 2016, approximately 17 years
after his judgment of sentence became final.4 As such, the instant petition is
facially untimely. To overcome the untimeliness of the petition, a petitioner
must allege and prove one of the exceptions to the one-year time bar, codified
at 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii). These exceptions include governmental
interference, newly-discovered facts, and after-recognized constitutional
rights. Here, Appellant argues he meets the requirements of the after-
recognized constitutional right exception, codified in 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 9545(b)(1)(iii).5 Specifically, Appellant argues that he is entitled to review
based on Miller, as interpreted by Montgomery.
4 Appellant’s judgment of sentence became final on November 12, 1998, ninety days after our Supreme Court denied allowance of appeal on August 12, 1998. See Commonwealth v. Charles, 1863 MDA 2003, unpublished memorandum at 3 (Pa. Super. filed October 7, 2004) (citing 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3); U.S. Supreme Court Rule 13).
5 Section 9545(b)(1)(iii) provides as follows:
-4- J-S62013-17
Even if Montgomery would make his petition timely, Appellant is not
entitled to relief under Miller. We have repeatedly held that Miller does not
apply to defendants who were eighteen or older when they committed murder.
See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Furgess, 149 A.3d 90, 94 (Pa. Super. 2016).
As noted above, Appellant was 21 years old at the time of the underlying
crimes. Accordingly, Appellant has no claim under Miller. Because Appellant
has no claim under Miller, Montgomery does not affect the instant matter.
Appellant also argues that he is due relief because equal protection
requires that adults are entitled to same protection as juveniles. We disagree.
Appellant is not similarly situated to the juvenile offenders at issue in Miller.
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J-S62013-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA Appellee
v.
BRIAN CHARLES
Appellant No. 33 MDA 2017
Appeal from the PCRA Order entered November 29, 2016 In the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County Criminal Division at Nos: CP-22-CR-0000456-1995; CP-22-CR-0003728- 1994; CP-22-CR-0003279-1994; CP-22-CR-0003727-1994
BEFORE: STABILE, MOULTON, and STRASSBURGER,* JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.: FILED DECEMBER 06, 2017
Appellant, Brian Charles, appeals from the November 29, 2016 order
entered in the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County, dismissing his
petition for collateral relief pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA),
42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. Appellant argues the PCRA court erred in
dismissing the instant PCRA petition. We disagree. Accordingly, we affirm.
The underlying facts of this matter are not in dispute.1 A previous panel
of this Court adequately summarized the procedural history as follows.
____________________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1It also undisputed that Appellant was a “youth,” i.e., 21 years old at the time he committed the underlying crimes. See Appellant’s Brief at 9. J-S62013-17
On April 13, 1995, following a jury trial, [A]ppellant was found guilty of first degree murder, two counts of robbery, one count of robbery of a motor vehicle, one count of possession of prohibited offensive weapons, and four counts of criminal conspiracy. On May 19, 1995, [A]ppellant was sentenced to life imprisonment followed by a consecutive term of five to ten years’ imprisonment. After a timely appeal was filed, this [C]ourt vacated [A]ppellant’s judgment of sentence on May 8, 1996, and remanded the case for an evidentiary hearing on [A]ppellant’s ineffectiveness claims. Evidentiary hearings took place on June 28, 1996. The trial court held that [A]ppellant’s ineffectiveness claims were without merit and reinstated the judgment of sentence on September 19, 1996. On March 5, 1998, still on direct appeal, this [Court] affirmed the trial court’s decision denying [A]ppellant relief. Our [S]upreme [C]ourt denied allocatur on August 12, 1998. Appellant did not seek review with the United States Supreme Court.
Commonwealth v. Charles, No. 1863 MDA 2003, unpublished memorandum
at 1-2 (Pa. Super. filed October 7, 2004) (citations omitted).
Appellant filed the instant PCRA petition on March 29, 2016, which he
amended on September 7, 2016. The PCRA court dismissed the amended
petition on November 29, 2016. This appeal followed.
Appellant argues that his mandatory life-without-parole sentence for
homicide, which he committed while he was a youth, is unconstitutional, under
Miller v. Alabama, 132 S.Ct. 2455 (2012)2 and Montgomery v. Louisiana,
2 Miller held that “mandatory life without parole for those under the age of 18 at the time of their crimes violates the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on ‘cruel and unusual’ punishments.” Miller, 132 S.Ct. at 2460 (emphasis added).
-2- J-S62013-17
136 S.Ct. 718 (2016).3 PCRA Petition, 9/12/16, at 3-4; Appellant’s Brief at 5.
We disagree.
“[A]n appellate court reviews the PCRA court’s findings of fact to
determine whether they are supported by the record, and reviews its
conclusions of law to determine whether they are free from legal error.”
Commonwealth v. Spotz, 84 A.3d 294, 311 (Pa. 2014). All PCRA petitions,
“including a second or subsequent petition, shall be filed within one year of
the date the judgment becomes final” unless an exception to timeliness
applies. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). “The PCRA’s time restrictions are
jurisdictional in nature. Thus, [i]f a PCRA petition is untimely, neither this
Court nor the [PCRA] court has jurisdiction over the petition. Without
jurisdiction, we simply do not have the legal authority to address the
substantive claims.” Commonwealth v. Chester, 895 A.2d 520, 522 (Pa.
2006) (first alteration in original) (internal citations and quotation marks
omitted). As timeliness is separate and distinct from the merits of Appellant’s
underlying claims, we first determine whether this PCRA petition is timely
filed. See Commonwealth v. Stokes, 959 A.2d 306, 310 (Pa. 2008)
(consideration of Brady claim separate from consideration of its timeliness).
The timeliness requirements of the PCRA petition must be met, even if the
3 In Montgomery, the Unites States Supreme Court held that Miller was a new substantive rule that, under the United States Constitution, must be retroactively applied in cases on state collateral review. Montgomery, 136 S.Ct. at 736.
-3- J-S62013-17
underlying claim is a challenge to the legality of the sentence. See
Commonwealth v. Holmes, 933 A.2d 57, 60 (Pa. 2007) (“Although legality
of sentence is always subject to review within the PCRA, claims must still first
satisfy the PCRA’s time limits or one of the exceptions thereto”) (citing
Commonwealth v. Fahy, 737 A.2d 214, 223 (1999)).
We must first determine whether the instant petition is timely. As noted
above, Appellant filed the instant petition in 2016, approximately 17 years
after his judgment of sentence became final.4 As such, the instant petition is
facially untimely. To overcome the untimeliness of the petition, a petitioner
must allege and prove one of the exceptions to the one-year time bar, codified
at 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii). These exceptions include governmental
interference, newly-discovered facts, and after-recognized constitutional
rights. Here, Appellant argues he meets the requirements of the after-
recognized constitutional right exception, codified in 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 9545(b)(1)(iii).5 Specifically, Appellant argues that he is entitled to review
based on Miller, as interpreted by Montgomery.
4 Appellant’s judgment of sentence became final on November 12, 1998, ninety days after our Supreme Court denied allowance of appeal on August 12, 1998. See Commonwealth v. Charles, 1863 MDA 2003, unpublished memorandum at 3 (Pa. Super. filed October 7, 2004) (citing 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3); U.S. Supreme Court Rule 13).
5 Section 9545(b)(1)(iii) provides as follows:
-4- J-S62013-17
Even if Montgomery would make his petition timely, Appellant is not
entitled to relief under Miller. We have repeatedly held that Miller does not
apply to defendants who were eighteen or older when they committed murder.
See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Furgess, 149 A.3d 90, 94 (Pa. Super. 2016).
As noted above, Appellant was 21 years old at the time of the underlying
crimes. Accordingly, Appellant has no claim under Miller. Because Appellant
has no claim under Miller, Montgomery does not affect the instant matter.
Appellant also argues that he is due relief because equal protection
requires that adults are entitled to same protection as juveniles. We disagree.
Appellant is not similarly situated to the juvenile offenders at issue in Miller.
Indeed, the crux of Miller’s holding is that children and adults are
“constitutionally different . . . for purposes of sentencing.” Miller, 132 S.Ct.
at 2464. In light of his age at the time he committed the underlying crimes,
Appellant is not similarly situated to the juvenile offenders at issue in Miller.
(1) Any petition under this subchapter, including a second or subsequent petition, shall be filed within one year of the date the judgment becomes final, unless the petition alleges and the petitioner proves that: ...
(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States or the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the time period provided in this section and has been held by that court to apply retroactively.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(iii).
-5- J-S62013-17
The claim, therefore, is meritless. See City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living
Ctr., 473 U.S. 432, 439 (1985) (explaining that the Equal Protection Clause
of the Fourteenth Amendment “is essentially a direction that all persons
similarly situated should be treated alike.”).
In his reply brief, Appellant now emphasizes his claims are not based on
Miller or Montgomery. Appellant, however, fails to explain how
characterizing his Equal Protection claim or an Eighth Amendment claim as
independent from Miller and Montgomery would make those claims timely
for purposes of the PCRA. Simply because Appellant alleges a constitutional
violation, it does not mean that the alleged violation can be raised at any time.
Indeed, even claims of constitutional dimension must be raised timely. See
Commonwealth v. Turner, 80 A.3d 754, 767 (Pa. 2013) (“we have already
held that, in the context of the jurisdictional timeliness restrictions on the right
to bring a PCRA petition, the constitutional nature of a collateral claim does
not overcome the legislature’s restrictions on collateral review”) (internal
citation omitted). Here, Appellant failed to raise the claim in a timely manner.
Indeed, the issue has been raised in his reply brief for the first time. Even if
we were to deem the issue raised for the first time in the instant PCRA petition,
it would be nonetheless untimely.
In light of the foregoing, we conclude the PCRA court properly dismissed
the instant petition as untimely. Accordingly, Appellant is entitled to no relief.
Order affirmed.
-6- J-S62013-17
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary
Date: 12/6/2017
-7-