J-S06025-19
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : MARK CANTY : : Appellant : No. 971 EDA 2018
Appeal from the PCRA Order January 25, 2018 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0208661-1996
BEFORE: BOWES, J., DUBOW, J., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.
MEMORANDUM BY DUBOW, J.: FILED MAY 03, 2019
Appellant, Mark Canty, appeals from the January 25, 2018 Order
entered in the Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas dismissing as untimely his
first Petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42
Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546. After careful review, we affirm.
On October 30, 1996, a jury found Appellant guilty of Second-Degree
Murder, Conspiracy, and Robbery, for the shooting death of Police Officer
Lauretha Vaird during a gunpoint robbery of a bank.1 On December 17, 1996,
the trial court imposed a sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility
of parole. Appellant filed a direct appeal, but on July 24, 1997, this Court
dismissed Appellant’s appeal for failure to file a brief. Appellant’s Judgment
of Sentence, therefore, became final on July 24, 1997, at the conclusion of ____________________________________________
1 Appellant was born on March 17, 1973, and was 22 years old when he committed the crimes. J-S06025-19
direct review. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1); Commonwealth v. Alcorn, 703
A.2d 1054, 1056 (Pa. Super. 1997) (determining that judgment of sentence
became final on the date that this Court dismissed the appellant’s direct appeal
for failure to file a brief and the appellant failed to seek further review with
higher courts).
On March 25, 2016, more than eighteen years after his Judgment of
Sentence became final, Appellant filed the instant pro se PCRA Petition, his
first, raising a claim that his sentence is illegal under Miller v. Alabama, 567
U.S. 460 (2012), and Montgomery v. Louisiana, 136 S.Ct. 718 (2016).2
PCRA Petition, 3/25/16, at 3-4, 8. The PCRA court appointed counsel, who
filed an Amended PCRA Petition on September 7, 2017, advancing the same
claim and arguing that Appellant was under the age of 25 when he committed
the crime and “was operating with reduced brain function or resources given
his age[.]” Amended PCRA Petition, 9/7/17, at 2-3. On December 12, 2017,
the PCRA court issued a Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 Notice advising Appellant of its
intent to dismiss his Petition without a hearing as untimely. Despite being
represented by counsel, on December 29, 2017, Appellant filed a pro se
____________________________________________
2 In Miller, the U.S. Supreme Court held that it is unconstitutional for state courts to impose an automatic life sentence without possibility of parole upon a homicide defendant for a murder committed while the defendant was under eighteen years old. Miller, 567 U.S. at 470. In Montgomery, the U.S. Supreme Court held that its decision in Miller, supra, applies retroactively. Montgomery, 136 S.Ct. at 732, 736.
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Response; Appellant’s counsel did not file a counseled Response.3 On January
25, 2018, the PCRA court dismissed Appellant’s Petition as untimely. This
timely appeal followed.4
Appellant raises the following issue on appeal: “Did the Honorable PCRA
Court err when it denied [Appellant] relief on his PCRA Petition without
conducting an evidentiary hearing?” Appellant’s Brief at 3.
We review the denial of a PCRA Petition to determine whether the record
supports the PCRA court’s findings and whether its Order is otherwise free of
legal error. Commonwealth v. Fears, 86 A.3d 795, 803 (Pa. 2014). This
Court grants great deference to the findings of the PCRA court if they are
supported by the record. Commonwealth v. Boyd, 923 A.2d 513, 515 (Pa.
Super. 2007). We give no such deference, however, to the court’s legal
conclusions. Commonwealth v. Ford, 44 A.3d 1190, 1194 (Pa. Super.
2012).
3 Because counsel represented Appellant, this pro se filing was a legal nullity. See Commonwealth v. Williams, 151 A.3d 621, 623 (Pa. Super. 2016) (explaining that generally hybrid representation is not permitted in Pennsylvania and pro se motions filed when a petitioner is represented by counsel are legal nullities).
4 On February 21, 2018, Appellant filed a pro se Notice of Appeal, which this court is required to docket despite the fact that Appellant is represented by counsel. See Williams, 151 A.3d at 624 (holding that, unlike other filings, because a notice of appeal protects a constitutional right this Court is required to docket a pro se notice of appeal despite an appellant being represented by counsel). The trial court did not order a Pa.R.A.P 1925(b) Statement. The trial court issued a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) Opinion. Appellant filed a counseled Brief on October 12, 2018.
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In order to obtain relief under the PCRA, a petition must be timely filed.
See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545 (providing jurisdictional requirements for the timely
filing of a petition for post-conviction relief). A petition must be filed within
one year from the date the judgment of sentence became final. 42 Pa.C.S. §
9545(b)(1). Appellant’s Petition, filed more than eighteen years after his
Judgment of Sentence became final, is facially untimely.
Pennsylvania courts may consider an untimely PCRA petition, however,
if an appellant pleads and proves one of the three exceptions set forth in
Section 9545(b)(1). Any petition invoking a timeliness exception must be filed
within 60 days of the date the claim could have been presented. 42 Pa.C.S §
9545(b)(2).5
Here, Appellant attempts to invoke the timeliness exception under
Section 9545(b)(1)(iii), alleging that his sentence is illegal based on a newly
recognized constitutional right under Miller, which, he argues, is retroactive
in its application pursuant to Montgomery. See Appellant’s Brief at 6; 42
Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(iii).
As long as this court has jurisdiction over the matter, a legality of
sentence issue is reviewable and cannot be waived. Commonwealth v.
Jones, 932 A.2d 179, 182 (Pa. Super. 2007). However, a legality of
5 Effective December 24, 2018, Section 9545(b)(2) now provides that for claims arising on or after December 24, 2017, “[a]ny petition invoking an exception . . . shall be filed within one year of the date the claim could have been presented.”
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sentencing issue must be raised in a timely filed PCRA Petition over which we
have jurisdiction. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b); Commonwealth v. Fahy, 737
A.2d 214, 223 (Pa. 1999) (“Although legality of sentence is always subject to
review within the PCRA, claims must still first satisfy the PCRA’s time limits or
one of the exceptions thereto.”).
Appellant filed the instant PCRA Petition on March 25, 2016, which was
within 60 days of the issuance of the Montgomery decision (decided January
25, 2016).
Nevertheless, Appellant’s Miller claim fails. Appellant correctly asserts
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J-S06025-19
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : MARK CANTY : : Appellant : No. 971 EDA 2018
Appeal from the PCRA Order January 25, 2018 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0208661-1996
BEFORE: BOWES, J., DUBOW, J., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.
MEMORANDUM BY DUBOW, J.: FILED MAY 03, 2019
Appellant, Mark Canty, appeals from the January 25, 2018 Order
entered in the Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas dismissing as untimely his
first Petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42
Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546. After careful review, we affirm.
On October 30, 1996, a jury found Appellant guilty of Second-Degree
Murder, Conspiracy, and Robbery, for the shooting death of Police Officer
Lauretha Vaird during a gunpoint robbery of a bank.1 On December 17, 1996,
the trial court imposed a sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility
of parole. Appellant filed a direct appeal, but on July 24, 1997, this Court
dismissed Appellant’s appeal for failure to file a brief. Appellant’s Judgment
of Sentence, therefore, became final on July 24, 1997, at the conclusion of ____________________________________________
1 Appellant was born on March 17, 1973, and was 22 years old when he committed the crimes. J-S06025-19
direct review. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1); Commonwealth v. Alcorn, 703
A.2d 1054, 1056 (Pa. Super. 1997) (determining that judgment of sentence
became final on the date that this Court dismissed the appellant’s direct appeal
for failure to file a brief and the appellant failed to seek further review with
higher courts).
On March 25, 2016, more than eighteen years after his Judgment of
Sentence became final, Appellant filed the instant pro se PCRA Petition, his
first, raising a claim that his sentence is illegal under Miller v. Alabama, 567
U.S. 460 (2012), and Montgomery v. Louisiana, 136 S.Ct. 718 (2016).2
PCRA Petition, 3/25/16, at 3-4, 8. The PCRA court appointed counsel, who
filed an Amended PCRA Petition on September 7, 2017, advancing the same
claim and arguing that Appellant was under the age of 25 when he committed
the crime and “was operating with reduced brain function or resources given
his age[.]” Amended PCRA Petition, 9/7/17, at 2-3. On December 12, 2017,
the PCRA court issued a Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 Notice advising Appellant of its
intent to dismiss his Petition without a hearing as untimely. Despite being
represented by counsel, on December 29, 2017, Appellant filed a pro se
____________________________________________
2 In Miller, the U.S. Supreme Court held that it is unconstitutional for state courts to impose an automatic life sentence without possibility of parole upon a homicide defendant for a murder committed while the defendant was under eighteen years old. Miller, 567 U.S. at 470. In Montgomery, the U.S. Supreme Court held that its decision in Miller, supra, applies retroactively. Montgomery, 136 S.Ct. at 732, 736.
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Response; Appellant’s counsel did not file a counseled Response.3 On January
25, 2018, the PCRA court dismissed Appellant’s Petition as untimely. This
timely appeal followed.4
Appellant raises the following issue on appeal: “Did the Honorable PCRA
Court err when it denied [Appellant] relief on his PCRA Petition without
conducting an evidentiary hearing?” Appellant’s Brief at 3.
We review the denial of a PCRA Petition to determine whether the record
supports the PCRA court’s findings and whether its Order is otherwise free of
legal error. Commonwealth v. Fears, 86 A.3d 795, 803 (Pa. 2014). This
Court grants great deference to the findings of the PCRA court if they are
supported by the record. Commonwealth v. Boyd, 923 A.2d 513, 515 (Pa.
Super. 2007). We give no such deference, however, to the court’s legal
conclusions. Commonwealth v. Ford, 44 A.3d 1190, 1194 (Pa. Super.
2012).
3 Because counsel represented Appellant, this pro se filing was a legal nullity. See Commonwealth v. Williams, 151 A.3d 621, 623 (Pa. Super. 2016) (explaining that generally hybrid representation is not permitted in Pennsylvania and pro se motions filed when a petitioner is represented by counsel are legal nullities).
4 On February 21, 2018, Appellant filed a pro se Notice of Appeal, which this court is required to docket despite the fact that Appellant is represented by counsel. See Williams, 151 A.3d at 624 (holding that, unlike other filings, because a notice of appeal protects a constitutional right this Court is required to docket a pro se notice of appeal despite an appellant being represented by counsel). The trial court did not order a Pa.R.A.P 1925(b) Statement. The trial court issued a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) Opinion. Appellant filed a counseled Brief on October 12, 2018.
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In order to obtain relief under the PCRA, a petition must be timely filed.
See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545 (providing jurisdictional requirements for the timely
filing of a petition for post-conviction relief). A petition must be filed within
one year from the date the judgment of sentence became final. 42 Pa.C.S. §
9545(b)(1). Appellant’s Petition, filed more than eighteen years after his
Judgment of Sentence became final, is facially untimely.
Pennsylvania courts may consider an untimely PCRA petition, however,
if an appellant pleads and proves one of the three exceptions set forth in
Section 9545(b)(1). Any petition invoking a timeliness exception must be filed
within 60 days of the date the claim could have been presented. 42 Pa.C.S §
9545(b)(2).5
Here, Appellant attempts to invoke the timeliness exception under
Section 9545(b)(1)(iii), alleging that his sentence is illegal based on a newly
recognized constitutional right under Miller, which, he argues, is retroactive
in its application pursuant to Montgomery. See Appellant’s Brief at 6; 42
Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(iii).
As long as this court has jurisdiction over the matter, a legality of
sentence issue is reviewable and cannot be waived. Commonwealth v.
Jones, 932 A.2d 179, 182 (Pa. Super. 2007). However, a legality of
5 Effective December 24, 2018, Section 9545(b)(2) now provides that for claims arising on or after December 24, 2017, “[a]ny petition invoking an exception . . . shall be filed within one year of the date the claim could have been presented.”
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sentencing issue must be raised in a timely filed PCRA Petition over which we
have jurisdiction. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b); Commonwealth v. Fahy, 737
A.2d 214, 223 (Pa. 1999) (“Although legality of sentence is always subject to
review within the PCRA, claims must still first satisfy the PCRA’s time limits or
one of the exceptions thereto.”).
Appellant filed the instant PCRA Petition on March 25, 2016, which was
within 60 days of the issuance of the Montgomery decision (decided January
25, 2016).
Nevertheless, Appellant’s Miller claim fails. Appellant correctly asserts
that the holding in Montgomery is that the rule announced in Miller, supra,
is substantive for purposes of retroactivity. However, because Appellant was
22 years old at the time he committed the murder, Miller is inapplicable. See
Commonwealth v. Lawson, 90 A.3d 1, 6 (Pa. Super. 2014) (stating that the
holding in Miller is limited to those offenders who were juveniles at the time
they committed their crimes). Further, an en banc panel of this Court has
recently refused to render relief on the brain science argument that Appellant
raises in his Amended PCRA Petition and again in his Brief. See
Commonwealth v. Lee, ___ A.3d ___, 2019 PA Super 64, *5-8 (filed March
1, 2019) (en banc) (holding that appellant, who was over 18 years of age at
the time of her offense, could not invoke Miller as an exception to the PCRA
time-bar, despite her argument that “immature brain” studies would have
established that her brain was underdeveloped at time of her crime). See
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also Commonwealth v. Furgess, 149 A.3d 90, 94 (Pa. Super. 2016)
(rejecting the 19-year-old appellant’s argument based on neuroscientific
theories of brain development that he is entitled to PCRA relief because he
was a “technical juvenile” at the time he committed his crimes).
In conclusion, Appellant failed to plead and prove any of the timeliness
exceptions provided in 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1), and the PCRA court properly
dismissed Appellant’s Petition as untimely. The record supports the PCRA
court’s findings and its Order is free of legal error. We, thus, affirm the denial
of PCRA relief.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary
Date: 5/3/19
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