J-S06014-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA Appellee
v.
CHRISTOPHER CALCAGNI
Appellant No. 1797 EDA 2016
Appeal from the Order May 12, 2016 In the Court of Common Pleas of Northampton County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-48-CR-0003287-2014
BEFORE: MOULTON, J., RANSOM, J., and FITZGERALD, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY MOULTON, J.: FILED JULY 14, 2017
Christopher Calcagni appeals from the May 12, 2016 order entered in
the Northampton County Court of Common Pleas classifying him as a
sexually violent predator (“SVP”) under the Sex Offender Registration and
Notification Act (“SORNA”), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9799.10-9799.41. We affirm.
The trial court set forth the facts of this case as follows: [Calcagni] has a criminal history as far back as 1991 in which he perpetrated sexual offenses against numerous adolescents/teenage women. In 1991, [Calcagni] plead [sic] guilty to victimizing 5 girls ages 13, 14, 15, and 16. The affidavit of probable cause set forth that all five victims claimed that [Calcagni] had vaginal intercourse with them while they were placed in a juvenile facility known as the Children’s Home of Easton. . . . [Calcagni] was a youth care worker employed with the Children’s Home of Easton at the time of the offenses. [Calcagni] ____________________________________________
* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court. J-S06014-17
entered into a negotiated plea to five (5) counts of corruption of minors, one count for each victim. Apparently, there is no other information in the criminal records regarding the 1991 convictions.
In this matter under appeal, [Calcagni] plead [sic] guilty to having vaginal intercourse with a fifteen-year-old girl who was his karate student and the daughter of his friend. The records indicate that there were several separate incidents of intercourse, with [Calcagni] allegedly pressuring the victim by threats of terminating her participation in karate and harming himself should the victim refuse his advances.
Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925(a) Statement, 7/27/16, at 3-
4 (“1925(a) Op.”) (unpaginated).
On April 6, 2015, Calcagni entered a negotiated guilty plea to one
count each of statutory sexual assault and corruption of minors.1 The trial
court deferred sentencing so that an SVP assessment could be performed.
On August 14, 2015, the trial court held an SVP hearing. At the
hearing, Veronique N. Valliere, Psy.D., a clinical psychologist and member of
the Sexual Offenders Assessment Board (“SOAB”), testified regarding her
assessment of Calcagni. The trial court thoroughly summarized the
substance of Dr. Valliere’s testimony in its opinion filed with the May 12,
2016 order classifying Calcagni as an SVP, which we adopt and incorporate
herein. See Trial Ct. Op., 5/12/16, at 2-4.
On January 8, 2016, the trial court sentenced Calcagni to 18 to 48
months’ incarceration, followed by 2 years’ probation, consistent with the ____________________________________________
1 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3122.1(b), 6301(a)(1)(ii).
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parties’ plea agreement. On May 12, 2016, the trial court entered an order
classifying Calcagni as an SVP. Calcagni timely appealed to this Court.
On June 16, 2016, Calcagni timely filed a Pennsylvania Rule of
Appellate Procedure 1925(b) statement. On July 27, 2016, the trial court
filed a Rule 1925(a) opinion in which it primarily relied on the reasoning in
its prior opinion.
Calcagni presents the following issues for our review: 1. Did the trial court err in concluding that the Commonwealth presented sufficient evidence to classify [Calcagni] as an SVP where the Commonwealth’s expert opinion evidence was inadmissible under the standard for expert testimony in Pennsylvania?
2. Did the trial court err in finding that the weight of the evidence established by “clear and convincing” evidence that [Calcagni] should be classified as an SVP?
Calcagni’s Br. at 4 (suggested answers omitted).2
A challenge to a trial court’s SVP determination is a challenge to the
sufficiency of the evidence, for which our standard of review is de novo and
our scope of review is plenary. Commonwealth v. Meals, 912 A.2d 213,
218 (Pa. 2006). When reviewing a trial court’s SVP determination, we must
view the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth and may ____________________________________________
2 In its Rule 1925(a) opinion, the trial court found that Calcagni’s Rule 1925(b) statement was vague and suggested that his claims should be deemed waived on that basis. 1925(a) Op. at 1-2. Calcagni raised the same two issues in his Rule 1925(b) statement that he raises in the statement of questions involved in his appellate brief, and the trial court addressed each of Calcagni’s arguments in its opinions. Therefore, because our review of Calcagni’s issues is not hampered, we decline to find waiver.
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not re-weigh the evidence or substitute our judgment for that of the trial
court. Commonwealth v. Prendes, 97 A.3d 337, 355 (Pa.Super. 2014).
The question for the trial court is whether the Commonwealth’s evidence
establishes that the defendant has a mental abnormality or personality
disorder that makes him or her likely to engage in predatory sexually violent
offenses. Commonwealth v. Brooks, 7 A.3d 852, 863 (Pa.Super. 2010);
see 42 Pa.C.S. § 9799.12. We will reverse an SVP determination only if the
Commonwealth did not present “clear and convincing evidence that each
element of the statute has been satisfied.” Commonwealth v. Baker, 24
A.3d 1006, 1033 (Pa.Super. 2011), aff’d, 78 A.3d 1044 (Pa. 2013).
On appeal, Calcagni asserts that the Commonwealth failed to prove by
clear and convincing evidence that he has a mental abnormality or
personality disorder that makes him likely to re-offend. See Calcagni’s Br.
at 13, 23.3 We disagree.
First, Calcagni argues that Dr. Valliere’s finding that he suffers from
“other specified paraphilic disorder to adolescents” was unsupported because
she neither reviewed nor discussed Calcagni’s personal, professional, or
criminal history in the 24-year period between his 1991 and 2015
____________________________________________
3 Calcagni also appears to challenge the admissibility of Dr. Valliere’s expert report and testimony. See Calcagni’s Br. at 4, 19, 23. However, Calcagni did not object to the admission of Dr. Valliere’s report or testimony at the hearing, so any such challenge is waived. See Baker, 24 A.3d at 1034.
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convictions. As the trial court noted, however, Calcagni expressly “waived
the opportunity to participate in the [SVP] assessment and also opted not to
testify at any of the assessment hearings, where he could have provided
such information.” Trial Ct. Op., 5/12/16, at 9 n.1; see Prendes, 97 A.3d
at 359 (“[T]he absence of an interview does not preclude the ability to
evaluate the offender’s behavior through available history for characteristics
similar or dissimilar to the criteria set forth in the law for defining [an
SVP].”) (quoting Commonwealth v.
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J-S06014-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA Appellee
v.
CHRISTOPHER CALCAGNI
Appellant No. 1797 EDA 2016
Appeal from the Order May 12, 2016 In the Court of Common Pleas of Northampton County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-48-CR-0003287-2014
BEFORE: MOULTON, J., RANSOM, J., and FITZGERALD, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY MOULTON, J.: FILED JULY 14, 2017
Christopher Calcagni appeals from the May 12, 2016 order entered in
the Northampton County Court of Common Pleas classifying him as a
sexually violent predator (“SVP”) under the Sex Offender Registration and
Notification Act (“SORNA”), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9799.10-9799.41. We affirm.
The trial court set forth the facts of this case as follows: [Calcagni] has a criminal history as far back as 1991 in which he perpetrated sexual offenses against numerous adolescents/teenage women. In 1991, [Calcagni] plead [sic] guilty to victimizing 5 girls ages 13, 14, 15, and 16. The affidavit of probable cause set forth that all five victims claimed that [Calcagni] had vaginal intercourse with them while they were placed in a juvenile facility known as the Children’s Home of Easton. . . . [Calcagni] was a youth care worker employed with the Children’s Home of Easton at the time of the offenses. [Calcagni] ____________________________________________
* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court. J-S06014-17
entered into a negotiated plea to five (5) counts of corruption of minors, one count for each victim. Apparently, there is no other information in the criminal records regarding the 1991 convictions.
In this matter under appeal, [Calcagni] plead [sic] guilty to having vaginal intercourse with a fifteen-year-old girl who was his karate student and the daughter of his friend. The records indicate that there were several separate incidents of intercourse, with [Calcagni] allegedly pressuring the victim by threats of terminating her participation in karate and harming himself should the victim refuse his advances.
Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925(a) Statement, 7/27/16, at 3-
4 (“1925(a) Op.”) (unpaginated).
On April 6, 2015, Calcagni entered a negotiated guilty plea to one
count each of statutory sexual assault and corruption of minors.1 The trial
court deferred sentencing so that an SVP assessment could be performed.
On August 14, 2015, the trial court held an SVP hearing. At the
hearing, Veronique N. Valliere, Psy.D., a clinical psychologist and member of
the Sexual Offenders Assessment Board (“SOAB”), testified regarding her
assessment of Calcagni. The trial court thoroughly summarized the
substance of Dr. Valliere’s testimony in its opinion filed with the May 12,
2016 order classifying Calcagni as an SVP, which we adopt and incorporate
herein. See Trial Ct. Op., 5/12/16, at 2-4.
On January 8, 2016, the trial court sentenced Calcagni to 18 to 48
months’ incarceration, followed by 2 years’ probation, consistent with the ____________________________________________
1 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3122.1(b), 6301(a)(1)(ii).
-2- J-S06014-17
parties’ plea agreement. On May 12, 2016, the trial court entered an order
classifying Calcagni as an SVP. Calcagni timely appealed to this Court.
On June 16, 2016, Calcagni timely filed a Pennsylvania Rule of
Appellate Procedure 1925(b) statement. On July 27, 2016, the trial court
filed a Rule 1925(a) opinion in which it primarily relied on the reasoning in
its prior opinion.
Calcagni presents the following issues for our review: 1. Did the trial court err in concluding that the Commonwealth presented sufficient evidence to classify [Calcagni] as an SVP where the Commonwealth’s expert opinion evidence was inadmissible under the standard for expert testimony in Pennsylvania?
2. Did the trial court err in finding that the weight of the evidence established by “clear and convincing” evidence that [Calcagni] should be classified as an SVP?
Calcagni’s Br. at 4 (suggested answers omitted).2
A challenge to a trial court’s SVP determination is a challenge to the
sufficiency of the evidence, for which our standard of review is de novo and
our scope of review is plenary. Commonwealth v. Meals, 912 A.2d 213,
218 (Pa. 2006). When reviewing a trial court’s SVP determination, we must
view the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth and may ____________________________________________
2 In its Rule 1925(a) opinion, the trial court found that Calcagni’s Rule 1925(b) statement was vague and suggested that his claims should be deemed waived on that basis. 1925(a) Op. at 1-2. Calcagni raised the same two issues in his Rule 1925(b) statement that he raises in the statement of questions involved in his appellate brief, and the trial court addressed each of Calcagni’s arguments in its opinions. Therefore, because our review of Calcagni’s issues is not hampered, we decline to find waiver.
-3- J-S06014-17
not re-weigh the evidence or substitute our judgment for that of the trial
court. Commonwealth v. Prendes, 97 A.3d 337, 355 (Pa.Super. 2014).
The question for the trial court is whether the Commonwealth’s evidence
establishes that the defendant has a mental abnormality or personality
disorder that makes him or her likely to engage in predatory sexually violent
offenses. Commonwealth v. Brooks, 7 A.3d 852, 863 (Pa.Super. 2010);
see 42 Pa.C.S. § 9799.12. We will reverse an SVP determination only if the
Commonwealth did not present “clear and convincing evidence that each
element of the statute has been satisfied.” Commonwealth v. Baker, 24
A.3d 1006, 1033 (Pa.Super. 2011), aff’d, 78 A.3d 1044 (Pa. 2013).
On appeal, Calcagni asserts that the Commonwealth failed to prove by
clear and convincing evidence that he has a mental abnormality or
personality disorder that makes him likely to re-offend. See Calcagni’s Br.
at 13, 23.3 We disagree.
First, Calcagni argues that Dr. Valliere’s finding that he suffers from
“other specified paraphilic disorder to adolescents” was unsupported because
she neither reviewed nor discussed Calcagni’s personal, professional, or
criminal history in the 24-year period between his 1991 and 2015
____________________________________________
3 Calcagni also appears to challenge the admissibility of Dr. Valliere’s expert report and testimony. See Calcagni’s Br. at 4, 19, 23. However, Calcagni did not object to the admission of Dr. Valliere’s report or testimony at the hearing, so any such challenge is waived. See Baker, 24 A.3d at 1034.
-4- J-S06014-17
convictions. As the trial court noted, however, Calcagni expressly “waived
the opportunity to participate in the [SVP] assessment and also opted not to
testify at any of the assessment hearings, where he could have provided
such information.” Trial Ct. Op., 5/12/16, at 9 n.1; see Prendes, 97 A.3d
at 359 (“[T]he absence of an interview does not preclude the ability to
evaluate the offender’s behavior through available history for characteristics
similar or dissimilar to the criteria set forth in the law for defining [an
SVP].”) (quoting Commonwealth v. Woods, 909 A.2d 372, 381 (Pa.Super.
2006)).
Second, Calcagni asserts that “there was no evidence to corroborate
Dr. Valliere’s recitation of the facts underlying his 1991 convictions.”
Calcagni’s Br. at 10. According to Calcagni, although he was initially
charged with more serious offenses, he pled guilty to the lesser charge of
corruption of minors because “the alleged victims had provided seriously
inaccurate information to the police.” Id. at 24.
At the hearing, Dr. Valliere testified that she reviewed the pre-
sentence report from Calcagni’s 1991 convictions, which included the
allegations of the five adolescent victims. N.T., 8/14/15, at 9; see SVP
Assessment, 6/16/15, at 1. Dr. Valliere acknowledged that Calcagni pled
guilty only to corruption of minors with respect to those victims, but noted
that “[t]he offense pattern was strikingly similar” to the instant case. N.T.,
8/14/15, at 12-13. She testified that in both the 1991 and 2015 cases,
Calcagni demonstrated “a pattern of arousal to adolescents not only in his
-5- J-S06014-17
behaviors, but in his choices of putting himself in a position of authority with
adolescents.” Id. at 12. We agree with the trial court that Calcagni’s bald
assertion that the victims’ allegations in 1991 were “false” and “unproven” is
insufficient to contest the validity of Dr. Valliere’s conclusions. See
Prendes, 97 A.3d at 360 (“[SORNA] does not limit the expert’s
consideration of information only to that admitted at trial or at the guilty
plea proceedings.”).
Moreover, despite several continuance requests, Calcagni failed to
present any evidence to rebut or impeach Dr. Valliere’s testimony regarding
his prior convictions. The trial court explained: At the conclusion of the Commonwealth’s testimony, [defense] counsel requested the opportunity to investigate [Calcagni’s prior] criminal record and to call an expert to rebut Dr. Valliere’s conclusions. We granted counsel’s request and recessed the hearing.
Thereafter, with the agreement of the Commonwealth, we granted several additional continuances to allow [Calcagni] to further investigate the factual record and to present testimony from an expert. After many months, [Calcagni] opted not to make any record in contradiction of Dr. Valliere’s findings or present expert testimony to contest Dr. Valliere’s conclusions.
1925(a) Op. at 5; see Prendes, 97 A.3d at 358 (“Once expert testimony
has been admitted, the rules of evidence then place the full burden of
exploration of facts and assumptions underlying the testimony of an expert
witness squarely on the shoulders of opposing counsel[],” who “bears the
burden of exposing and exploring “‘any weaknesses in the underpinnings of
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the expert’s opinion.’”) (quoting In re D.Y., 34 A.3d 177, 183 (Pa.Super.
2011)).
Based on our de novo review of the certified record, the parties’ briefs,
and the relevant law, and viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to
the Commonwealth, we conclude that the trial court correctly determined
that Calcagni is an SVP under SORNA. We reach this conclusion for the
reasons stated in the trial court’s May 12, 2016 opinion, which we adopt and
incorporate herein. See Trial Ct. Op., 5/12/16, at 1-13.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary
Date: 7/14/2017
-7- Circulated 06/22/2017 02:21 PM