J-S02020-16
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA Appellee
v.
TERRENCE VERNELL BROWN
Appellant No. 1074 EDA 2015
Appeal from the PCRA Order April 1, 2015 In the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-23-CR-0001238-2011
BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., LAZARUS, J., and STABILE, J.
MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 17, 2016
Terrence Brown appeals pro se from the order entered in the Court of
Common Pleas of Delaware County denying his petition filed under the Post
Conviction Relief Act, (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.. After our
review, we affirm.
The trial court set forth the facts of this case as follows:
On January 2, 2011 officers from the City of Chester Police Department were dispatched to a residence on Edgemont Avenue after a report of a burglary in progress. Upon their arrival the officers heard screaming coming from inside the residence. The officers covered both entrances to the home and then entered. The Petitioner was apprehended in a second-floor bedroom. He was wearing a ski mask and a dark gray sweat suit. After a brief struggle he was taken into custody. His co- defendant Fareem Nelson was found hiding under the bed in the same room. He was also arrested after a struggle and at that time he had a black ski mask in his pocket.
The [v]ictim reported that he arrived at his home after basketball practice that evening and that as he put his key in the J-S02020-16
front door lock three males armed with handguns and wearing dark clothes and ski masks forced him into his residence and demanded money and guns. They tied the [v]ictim up and threatened to kill him and took $500.00. He was assaulted and suffered head and facial injuries that were treated later at Crozer Chester Medical Center. Two Smith & Wesson handguns with obliterated serial numbers, rubber gloves and restraints made of wire ties were recovered from the residence following the arrests.
Trial Court Opinion, 5/28/15, at 2.
Brown entered a negotiated guilty plea to charges of robbery,
conspiracy to commit robbery and possessing an instrument of crime.1
Pursuant to the plea agreement, various other charges were nol prossed and
the Honorable James P. Bradley sentenced Brown to ten to twenty years’
imprisonment followed by five years of probation. On direct appeal, Brown
challenged the validity of his guilty plea. Brown claimed his attorney did not
explain the ramifications with respect to other cases for which he was on
probation or parole; he also claimed he was not colloquied by the court with
respect to these ramifications. This Court affirmed, noting that the written
guilty plea colloquy, which Brown acknowledged reviewing, specifically
stated that pleading guilty to the crimes at issue could result in jail time for
____________________________________________
1 The Commonwealth’s brief erroneously states that the “[i]ssues of voluntariness of colloquy and guilty plea to first degree murder and conspiracy were previously litigated on direct appeal, so as to preclude relief under [the PCRA]. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9543(a)(2,3) (emphasis ours). See Appellee’s Brief, at 7.
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any crimes for which Brown was on probation or parole. 2 Commonwealth
v. Brown, 1564 EDA 2012 (Pa. Super. filed December 4, 2013)
(unpublished memorandum). The panel concluded that Brown was informed
of the consequences of pleading guilty as it related to cases for which he was
already under supervision, and thus his claim was devoid of merit. Brown
filed a petition for allowance of appeal, which the Pennsylvania Supreme
Court denied. Commonwealth v. Brown, 9 MAL 2014 (Pa. June 18,
2014).
On July 14, 2014, Brown filed a PCRA petition, which was denied on
April 2, 2015. This appeal followed. Brown raises the following issues for
our review:
1. Whether the trial court erred in participating in the plea negotiation held January 23, 2012 before the Honorable James P. Bradley, and trial counsel was ineffective for his failure to object to the trial court’s participation in the ____________________________________________
2 Paragraph 20 of Brown’s written guilty plea colloquy states the following:
If I was on probation or parole at the time the crimes to which I am pleading guilty or nolo contender were committed, my pleas in this case mean that I have violated my probation or parole and I can be sentenced to jail for that violation in addition to any sentences which I may receive as a result of these pleas.
Guilty Plea Statement, 1/24/12, at ¶ 20. Brown’s initials appear on the line next to that paragraph and both he and his counsel signed and dated the written colloquy. The transcript of his oral colloquy reflects that Brown acknowledged reading and understanding the content of the written six- page, 29-paragraph guilty plea statement. N.T., Guilty Plea Colloquy, 1/24/12, at 21, 23-24.
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guilty plea negotiation that he (petitioner) had previously rejected thus making the plea coerced, involuntary, and unknowingly entered?
2. Whether the trial court erred in its failure to make an on- the-record determination concerning the mandatory sentencing statute, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9714, if it was applicable, along with the court’s failure to establish written and oral notice to seek the mandatory sentence, and trial counsel’s ineffectiveness during the plea process and sentence phase?
3. Whether trial counsel was ineffective for failure to explain the advantages and disadvantages of accepting a plea of guilt, giving misinformation regarding the permissible range the petitioner was/is subjected to, abandoning his client all through the post-sentence stage, and trial counsel failed to amend petitioner’s PCRA petition which resulted in trial court’s dismissal and ultimately deprived petitioner of his chance at relief?
It is well-settled that “our review of a post-conviction court’s grant or
denial of relief is limited to determining whether the court’s findings are
supported by the record and the court's order is otherwise free of legal
error.” Commonwealth v. Gadsden, 832 A.2d 1082, 1085 (Pa. Super.
2003) (citing Commonwealth v. Yager, 685 A.2d 1000, 1003 (Pa. Super.
1996) (en banc); Commonwealth v. Wilson, 824 A.2d 331, 333 (Pa.
Super. 2003). To prevail on a petition for PCRA relief, a petitioner must
plead and prove by a preponderance of the evidence that his conviction or
sentence resulted from one or more of the circumstances enumerated in 42
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Pa.C.S.A. § 9543(a)(2).3 See Commonwealth v. Spotz, 18 A.3d 244, 259
(Pa. 2011). These circumstances include the ineffectiveness of counsel,
which “so undermined the truth-determining process that no reliable
adjudication of guilt or innocence could have taken place.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. §
9543(a)(2)(ii).
Once a defendant has entered a plea of guilty, it is presumed that he
was aware of what he was doing, and the burden of proving involuntariness
is upon him. Therefore, where the record clearly demonstrates that a guilty
plea colloquy was conducted, during which it became evident that the
defendant understood the nature of the charges against him, the
voluntariness of the plea is established. See Commonwealth v. Pollard,
832 A.2d 517, 523 (Pa. Super. 2003) (“A person who elects to plead guilty is ____________________________________________
3 (i) A violation of the Constitution of this Commonwealth or the Constitution or laws of the United States which, in the circumstances of the particular case, so undermined the truth-determining process that no reliable adjudication of guilt or innocence could have taken place.
(ii) Ineffective assistance of counsel which, in the circumstances of the particular case, so undermined the truth-determining process that no reliable adjudication of guilt or innocence could have taken place.
(iii) A plea of guilty unlawfully induced where the circumstances make it likely that the inducement caused the petitioner to plead guilty and the petitioner is innocent.
(iv) The improper obstruction by government officials of the petitioner's right of appeal where a meritorious appealable issue existed and was properly preserved in the trial court.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9543(a)(2)(i-iv).
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bound by the statements he makes in open court while under oath and he
may not later assert grounds for withdrawing the plea which contradict the
statements he made at his plea colloquy.”).
Here, the oral and written guilty plea colloquies belie Brown’s claims.
After our review of the parties’ briefs, the record, and the relevant law, we
conclude that the trial court’s opinion properly disposes of Brown’s issues on
appeal. See Trial Court Opinion, 5/28/15, at 5-11.4 We rely upon Judge
Bradley’s opinion to affirm the order denying PCRA relief, and we direct the
parties to attach a copy of the opinion in the event of further proceedings.
Order affirmed.
4 We note that this challenge to a negotiated guilty plea comes particularly close to a recasting of the theory of error on direct appeal and adding on an allegation of ineffectiveness. A PCRA petitioner cannot obtain review of claims that were previously litigated by presenting new theories of relief, including allegations of ineffectiveness, to relitigate previously litigated claims. See Commonwealth v. Bond, 819 A.2d 33, 39 (Pa. 2002); Commonwealth v. McCall, 786 A.2d 191, 195-96 (Pa. 2001); Commonwealth v. Copenhefer, 719 A.2d 242, 253 (Pa. 1998). See also Commonwealth v. Berry, 760 A.2d 1164 (Pa. Super. 2000) (petitioner cannot obtain review of claims previously litigated on direct appeal by alleging ineffective assistance of prior counsel and presenting new theories in support of these claims).
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary
Date: 2/17/2016
-7- Circulated 01/21/2016 11:14 AM
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF DELAWARE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA CRIMINAL DIVISION
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA CP-23-CR-1238-2011
vs..
TERRENCE BROWN
A. Sheldon Kovach, Esquire, on behalf of the Commonwealth Terrence Brown, prose
OPINION
Bradley, J. FILED:
On January 24, 2012 Petitioner, Terrence Brown, pied guilty to robbery, conspiracy to
commit robbery and possessing an instrument of crime. Pursuant to a negotiated plea 1 agreement the remaining charges were no/le prossed and an aggregate sentence of ten to
twenty years of incarceration to be followed by five years of probation was imposed. This
sentence does not include a mandatory minimum. Petitioner's co-defendant Fareed Nelson
entered a negotiated guilty plea to the same terms on the same day and he was also
sentenced in accordance with the terms of the identical negotiated plea. The facts that
1 In addition to robbery, crimlnal conspiracy to commit robbery and possessing an instrument of crime the petitioner was charged with inter a/Ja, aggravated assault (18 Pa.C.S.A. §2702), possessing a firearm without a license (18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6106t possessing a firearm with altered manufacture's numbers (18 Pa.C.S:A. § 6110.2), burglary (18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3502), false imprisonment (18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2903), prohibited offensive weapons (18 Pa.C.S,A. § 908) and resisting arrest (18. P.S. § 5104).
1 ' formed the factual basis for the plea, as stated in the Affidavit of probable Cause that is
attached to the Criminal Complaint, follow.
On January 2, 2011 officers from the City of Chester Police Department were
dispatched to a residence on Edgemont Avenue after a report of a burglary ln progress. Upon
their arrival the officers heard screaming coming from inside the residence. The officers
covered both entrances to the home and then entered. The Petitioner was apprehended in a
second-floor bedroom; He was wearing a ski mask and a dark gray sweat suit. After a brief
struggle he was taken into custody. His co-defendant Fareem Nelson was found hiding under
the bed in the same room. He was also arrested after a struggle and at that time he had a
black ski mask in his pocket.
The Victim reported that he arrived at his home after basketball practice that evening
and that as he put his key in the front door lock three males armed with handguns and
wearing dark clothes and ski masks forced him into his residence and demanded money and
guns. They tied the Victim up and threatened to kill him and took $500.00. He was assaulted
and suffered head and facial injuries that were treated later at Crozer Chester Medical
Center. Two Smith & Wesson handguns with obliterated serial numbers, rubber gloves and
restraints made of wire ties were recovered from the residence following the arrests.
Petitioner pursued his right to a direct appeal. On appeal he claimed that his
negotiated guilty plea was entered involuntarily because the Trial Court failed to tnclude
information regarding backtime that he would face on an earlier unrelated case if he was
found to be in violation of his state parole as a result of his plea in the matter that is before
2 -.,
- the Court. The Superior Court rejected this claim and judgment of sentence was affirmed on
December 4, 2013.
On·July 14, 2014 Petitioner filed the PCRA petition that is before the Court. Counsel
was appointed. On February 3, 2015, appointed counsel flied an application to withdraw
along with a "no-ment" letter. Appointed counsel was granted leave to withdraw on
February 11, 2015 and at that time the Court gave the parties notice of its intent to dismiss
the PCRA petition without a hearing and allowed the Petitioner an opportunity to respond -
within twenty days2 as per Pennsylvania Rule of Procedure 907. ·
Petitioner's response to this notice was filed on March 23, 2015. On April 1, 2015 an
Order dismissing the petition was entered' and on April 20, 2015 a timely prose Notice of
Appeal was filed, necessitating this Opinion. . In his pro se petition Petitioner alleged that both trial counsel and the Court "coerced"
him into pleading guilty and therefore, the plea was not knowing, intelligent and voluntary.
In support of this claim Petitioner alleged that trial counsel told him that he would get "40
years or more instead of the 10 being offered" if he went to trial. Additionally, it was alleged
that trial counsel provided ineffective assistance for failing to object to the Trial Court's
failure to make an on-the -record determination at the time of sentencing. regarding
whether Petitioner was a "second strike" offender pursuant to 42 Pa.CS.A. 9714(d).
Petitioner also claimed that trial counsel provided ineffective assistance by failing to file a
motion .to dismiss pursuant to Rule 600.
2 Petitioner requested an extension of. time In which to file a response and that request was granted allowing Petitioner twenty days from the date of the March 9, 2015 Order ln which to respond. 3 On April 2, 2015 Petitioner's "Supplemental Objections to Judge's Order of Intent to Dismiss PCRA Petition Without a Hearing," was filed. 3 Section 9543 of the PCRA provides inter alia that to be eligible for relief a petitioner
must plead and prove by a preponderance of the evidence that his conviction resulted from 'I one or more of the enumerated errors or defects set forth in the Act. See ~· 11[T]o Commonwealth v. Carpenter, 725 A.2d 154 (Pa. 1999). succeed on an ineffective
assistance of counsel claim, the petitioner must show: (1) that the claim is of arguable merit;
(2) that counsel had no reasonable strategic basis for his or her action or inaction; and (3)
that, but for the errors and omissions of counsel, there is a reasonable probability that the
outcome of the proceedings would have been different. Where ineffective assistance of
counsel is alleged the "circumstances of the particular case" include the totality of the
evidence that was introduced at trial, and may also include facts concerning the prosecution
of the case and the appellant's interactions with his lawyer." Id. Coun.sel will not be found
ineffective in a vacuum. Where there is no factual predicate supporting the allegation that
counsel provided ineffective assistance a petitioner's claim is without merit. See
Commonwealth v. Thomas, 783 A.2d 328 (Pa. Super. 2001). In the context of a guilty plea,
an appellantr;nµ~f~how that plea counsel's ineffectiveness induced him to plea. If the :::·:·;·:::,·.7:.::··:··:.··:::'.' _.... :/_...::-.-,.·,:·· ·:
defendant rr1~R~ ·;,~:)::;,(::::::_ .. §µ,ch a showing, his plea will be deemed 0 involuntarily made and he will be
Commonwealth v. Johnson, 875 A.2d 328, 331 (Pa. Super.
Ti.~I counsel was ineffective in his representation has no arguable
merit.4
4 In his cond57};i1''s-i'"'"1¥i;;,·•·8fMatters comptatnec of on Appeal Pursuant to Pa.R.C.P. 1925(b)" (sic) Petitioner raises a clairt1 n.s~I was likewise ineffective for failing to raise this issue. Claims'of PCRA counsel's ineffectiveness ~.1sed for the first time on appeal. See Commonwealth v. Colavita, 993 A.2d 874, · 893 n, 12 (Pel'. 0 wealth v. Pitt , 981 A.2d 875 (Pa. 2009); Commonwealth v. Henkel, 90 A.3d
4 . . J ·. :·:-:.J ... , : .: ....·.~ ~JI ..• :.:.·: Rule. 600'of the Pennsylvania Rules of Criminal Procedure prov;des that "[t)rlal\n'a
court case in which a written complaint is filed against the defendant shall commence within
365 days from the date on which the complaint is filed." Excluded from the 365 day ·-
-calculation is ''any continuance granted at the request of the defendant or the defendant's I'
attorney." See Commonwealth v. Jones, 886 A.2d 689, 700-01 (Pa. Super. 2005). See also
Pa.R.Crim.P.600(().
The Criminal Complaint was filed on January 3, 2011. Therefore the "mechanical"
rundate was January 3, 2012. Petitioner entered his negotiated plea on January 24, 2012.
"Excludable time," that renders this claim meritless is apparent from the record. On April 25,
2011, May 16, 2011 and December 12, 2011 defense requests for continuances yielded 105
days of excludable time. In light of the foregoing Petitioner's guilty plea was entered well
within the adjusted run date.
Petitioner's claim that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to object to the Court's
failure to comply with the provisions of 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9714 is patently frivolous. As a result
of the negotiations the Commonwealth agreed to forego the imposition of a mandatory
minimum sentence and therefore a record determination of Petitioner's eligibility was not
required. Additionally, any claim that the Commonwealth's agreement to forego a mandatory
16, 20 (Pa. Super. 2014). A rule- based right to counsel exists throughout PCRA proceedings and Pennsylvania courts have recognized that this includes a right to effective representation. See id. See also Pa.R. Crim. P. · 904(F)(2). Where PCRA counsel has been granted leave to withdraw from PCRA proceedings through the • procedure established in Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988) and Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988), and a Notice of Intent to Dismiss has been entered-by the court, a petitioner is required to raise any claims of PCRA counsel's ineffective representation within the 20-day response period. See~· Commonwealth v. Pitts, 981 A.2d 875 (Pa. 2009). Claims that are not preserved in this manner are waived. See also Commonwealth v. Rykard, 55 A.3d 1177 (Pa. Super. 2012) (allegations of PCRA counsel's ineffective asslstence made in response to a notice of intent to dismiss that issued following appointed counsel's submisslon of a "no merit" letter "is not a second or serial petition, nor is it an amended petition. Rather, the claim is more properly viewed as an objection to dismissal." Id. at 1187. To add new non-PCRAcounsel ineffectiveness claims leave to amend must be granted by the PCRA court.)
5 · minimum sentence was illusory because Petitioner's prior criminal record did not include a
crime of violence rendering Section 9714 inapplicable is meritless. Petitioner has failed to
offer any evidence to support this claim and in fact, the record refutesthis suggestion. The
Sentencing Guidelines assign Petitioner a Prior Record Score of \\8" based on two prior
convictions for robbery. Petitioner bears the burden of proof in these proceedings and he has
offered no proof which demonstrates that these convictions did not exist. The existing record
demonstrates therefore that the Petitioner would in fact be subject to the provisions of 42
Pa.C.S.A. §9714, Sentences for second and subsequent offenses but for the negotiated plea
and by entering this negotiated plea he avoided a mandatory sentence of at least ten to
twenty years of incarceration for this robbery.
Similarly the claim that trail was ineffective for failing to object to the trial court's . participation in plea negotiations resulting in an involuntary plea has no arguable merit. \'[A]
plea entered on the basis of a sentencing agreement in which the judge participates cannot
be considered voluntary. Commonwealth v. Johnson, 875 A.2d 328, 331-32 (Pa. Super.
2005) citing Commonwealthv. Evans, 252 A.2d 689 (Pa. 1969). "Partklpatlon', in the sense
there used, denotes some active role in discussion or negotiation relative to a plea."
Commonwealth v. Sanutti, 312 A.2d 42, 44 (Pa. 1973). The record colloquy, which Petitioner
offers as evidence of this claim demonstrates that this plea was voluntarily entered. While
the Court did in fact ensure that the Petitioner was fully informed of the terms of the plea on
the record, this effort was made to eliminate any future claim that Petitioner might raise that
trial counsel failed to advise him of the favorable terms of the deal that was offered. There is
6 no evidence that the Court actively participated in plea negotiations. Compare
Commonwealth v. Johnson, 875 A.2d 328, 331-32 (Pa. Super. 2005);
In Johnson, supra, the defendant was charged with twelve counts of robbery,
violations of the Uniform Firearms Act and criminal conspiracy in connection with a three-
month robbery spree. He appeared before the Court for a scheduled plea but the defendant
stated that "he had no intention of pleading." New counsel was appointed at the defendant's
request and at the time of trial the defendant appeared ready to proceed. The terms of the
Commonwealth's final offer were put on the record and it was rejected by the defendant.
The Superior Court concluded, based on the following, that the trial court actively
persuaded the defendant to accept the plea and that trial counsel was ineffective for failing
to object: . Twelve pages of the hearing transcript document the court's persistent advisements, which included the following: that the Commonwealth's function was to protect Appellant's best interest; that the offer on the table was among the best he had ever witnessed as a jurist; that Appellant would be "extremely fortunate" if his other appeal garnered a new trial, Jet alone arrest of judgment, and that the new trial would likely end in another conviction with the possibility of consecutive sentences instead of the present offer's guarantee of a concurrent sentence; that Appellant was "fortunate to have such a cooperative D.A., he has taken into consideration that sentence in Delaware County"; and that Appellant would only be fifty-eight years old when he completes his thirty year sentence, and life would "qo on." The court also criticized .· Appellant for "squabbling over two more years which has no impact whatsoever in what's going to go on in your life because of the sentence in Delaware County." When Appellant agreed to plead guilty, the court'
7 .·• ,
declared \\I think you made a wise decision, sir.... " The court then . . imposed a sentence of ten to twenty years' imprisonment to run concurrently to his Delaware County sentence.
875 A.2d at 330.
In this case the defendants appeared before the Court on the date scheduled for trial.
See N.T. 1/23/12. The prosecutor stated the terms of the offer for the record and he advised
the Court and the defendants that each defendant had prior convictions for crimin fa/sis that
could impact each defendant's decision to testify at trial. Id. at 6. Nelson told the Court that
he was "not comfortable" with the attorney that was representing him. The Court advised
Nelson that a new attorney would not be appointed on the eve of trial and that one of two
events would occur: trial would commence or the defendants would.accept the
Commonwealth's offer and plead guilty. The Court advised Mr. Nelson against representing
himself when he faced a sentence of possibly forty years but further indicated that it was his
decision alone to make. Id. at 9- 10. The Court noted that the terms of the plea were
significantly more favorable than the defendants' exposure which could put them in jail for a
minimum of forty.years at which time the defendants' would be "a lot older than I am now."
Id. at 5, 9. The Court's comments were brief and to the point. \\All I'm going to do is tell you
what your risk is. It's up to - if you want to take that risk, you know, I'm not' going to tell I .I
you shouldn't go to trial. You should take the offer. That's up to you because it's your life, - ·
not mine, butwe're talking about some heavy, heavy time here. And there can be no new
s The Court has reviewed the 1/23/ 15 notes of testimony and compared the transcript with the audio from the hearing provided by the Delaware County Office of Electronic Recording. The Court found that Diaz Data Services erroneously failed to include the word "not" in its transcription. An Order has been entered this date amending the notes of testimony and copies of the audio CD, which has been made part of the record have been provided to the parties.
8 attorney. There's going to be a trial tomorrow morning or there's going to be a deal right
now. That's basically the bottom line." Id; at 10. Turning to Petitioner, the Court continued,
\\Sir; did you hear everything? The same thing applies to you because you're looking at the
same time. So you walk out of this room we II see you tomorrow morning with the jury trial. 1
We'll start at 10:00 and we'll be ready to go." Both defendants rejected the plea and the
Court concluded its remarks, "Okay. All right. We'll see you tomorrow morning. Good luck,
gentlemen." Id. at 10.
The next day, January 24, 2012 the defendants again appeared before the Court and
the negotiated pleas were offered. N.T. 1/24/12 p. 3. After a thorough and complete colloquy
of each defendant the pleas were accepted and the Court imposed sentences in accord with
the negotiations. Id. at pp. 5-26.
In the course of the plea colloquy Petitioner stated that he was thirty years old, he has
a GED, he can read, write and understand English. He acknowledged that he met with trial
counsel on several occasions and he was satisfied with his representation. He had adequately
. discussed his case with counsel, and he understood his rights and understood that he was
giving up his right to a jury trial and all of the rights that are associated. Id. at 14-18.
Petitioner participated in the colloquy, making inquiries regarding the fact that wire ties were
instruments of crime and asking whether restitution could be eliminated from the sentencing
Order. Id. at 20-21. After counsel explained that restitution was among the terms offered by .·
the Commonwealth Petitioner agreed and continued on with the plea offer. Id. at . '
23.
9 ••• 4
claim that trial counsel's ineffective representation induced an involuntary guilty plea should
be rejected because it has no arguable merit.
BY THE COURT:
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