PIGOTT, J.
Defendant appeals from a judgment of the District Court of Deer Lodge county, entered on the 17th day of May, 1898; and also from an order of that court entered May 24, 1898, denying his motion to vacate said judgment. The action was brought to recover possession of certain personal property, together with damages for its detention. The first trial resulted in a judgment for defendant, but upon appeal by plaintiff to this Court a new trial was directed of the-issue touching the ownership of certain of the property. (Collier v. Fitzpatrick, 19 Mont. 562, 48 Pac. 1103.) The remittitur was filed by the clerk of the court below on November 22, 1897. On May 16, 1898, in the absence of defendant and his counsel, the court tried the case without a jury,, and found for the plaintiff; and on the day following judgment was entered accordingly. On May 18, 1898, one day after the entry of judgment, defendant served notice of motion to set aside the judgment on the ground that he had no notice of the setting of the action for trial, and upon the further ground that the judgment was taken against him [555]*555through his mistake, inadvertence, surprise and excusable neglect. On May 23, 1898, the court heard the motion, and on May 24th denied it.
The material facts shown are the following: On April 8, 1898, the attorneys for the plaintiff procured an order from the District Court by which the case was placed upon the trial calendar and thereafter, about the 30th day of the same months gave notice to the clerk, in accordance with a rule of court, that plaintiff desired the case noted for a jury trial at the ensuing term, beginning May 2, 1898. The case was placed upon the trial calendar prepared for the use of the court, in which appeared the titles of all causes at issue prior to the first day of the May term. Although this was the only official calendar, the clerk, at the request of the members of the bar, and for their use and convenience, prepared and issued a printed calendar, upon which Collier v. Fitzpatrick did not appear. This printed calendar was' not prepared or distributed under any order or rule of court. T. O’Leary, Esq., =was-the attorney of record for the defendant, and was also city attorney and clerk of Anaconda, the county seat, in which city he resided. He was not present at the calling of the calendar, had not received any notice from the clerk or from any other source that the case had been set for trial, and such setting was wholly unknown to him. At the time the calendar was called and the cases set down for trial, he was engaged as city clerk, in attendance upon the city council; May 2d being the day on which the council elect assumed office, and the outgoing council accounted to and settled with its successor. B. F. Maiden, Esq., was Mr. O’Leary’s partner, and had been since January 1, 1898; but Mr. Maiden was not an attorney in Collier v. Fitzpatrick. At Mr. O’Leary’s request, and for the-purpose of having the cases in which he or the firm was interested set for trial or otherwise disposed of, Mr. Maiden attended the court, and was present when the calendar was called, and appeared and represented Mr. O’Leary in four cases which were then set for trial. The titles of these four cases were printed in the unofficial calendar issued by the [556]*556clerk, and this calendar was the one upon which both Mr. O’Leary and Mr. Maiden relied for information touching the eases which were for trial at the May term. Immediately prior to the calling of the calendar on May 2d the judge announced in open court that all causes at issue would be set for trial unless continued. When the case at bar was reached in regular order, it was called for by its title, and the court, at ■the instance of counsel for the plaintiff, set it for trial on May 16th, at 9:30 in the forenoon, and the order to that effect was entered in the journal, and was read and approved the next day in open court. Mr. Maiden made notations on the unofficial printed calendar opposite the titles of the four cases of the dates when they were to be tried. He had no knowledge whatever of Collier v. Fitzpatrick, and had no information that Mr. O’Leary was attorney therein, and the case had never been mentioned in the office of O’Leary & Maiden since the formation of their partnership; indeed, he swears that he ■did hot know that there was such a case. Upon Mr. Maiden’s return to the office of his firm, he advised Mr. O’Leary of the setting of the cases in which he was interested as shown by the printed calendar, and Mr. O’Leary himself looked at the calendar in which the annotations had been made by Mr. Maiden, and believed that no cases in which he was interested and not appearing on the printed calendar were to be tried. Mr. O’Leary remained in Anaconda from the 2d to the 12th of May, when he went to Helena on urgent private affairs, attention to which could not be postponed. He remained in Helena until the evening of May 16th. He then returned to Anaconda, and discovered that the case had been tried in his absence, and without any appearance by defendant, or by any •one for him, at the hearing. As has been stated, Mr. O’Leary had received no notice of any kind that the case had been set for trial, ■ nor did the clerk comply with the command of rule 31 of the District Court, which rule is as follows: “When the calendar is called and causes are set for trial the clerk shall immediately thereafter notify the attorneys interested therein, unless they are present at the time of the call, of the setting of such causes for trial. Such notice may be given by [557]*557postal card mailed to such attorneys at their usual address.5' The defendant was also without knowledge or information with respect to the setting of the case for trial. The answer presents facts sufficient to constitute a defense, and Mr. O’Leary states in his affidavit that he is fully advised as to the facts in issue, and of the law appertaining thereto, and believes and avers that defendant has a good and proper legal defense to the action, and that if he had known that the case was set for trial on May 2d, he would have been present thereat. The defendant likewise deposes that he is fully informed as to the facts in the case, and believes and avers that defendant has a good and sufficient legal defense to the action and that he has fully and fairly stated the facts to his counsel, and has been informed by counsel that defendant has a substantial defense on the merits. It further appears that the case was not called for trial until 10:45 o’clock in the forenoon of May 16th, and that when the trial began Mr. Maiden was present in court, and made no objection thereto.
The Court may, in its discretion in furtherance of justice, and upon terms, relieve a party from a judgment taken against him through his excusable neglect. (Code of Civil Procedure, Sec. 774.) That Mr. O’Leary was guilty of neglect in relying upon the unofficial printed calendar, and in failing to advise Mr. Maiden that he was an attorney in the case of Collier v. Fitzpatrick, and that the case was at issue, and might be called for trial, is apparent from the foregoing statement of facts disclosed by the bill of exceptions. We are of the opinion, however, that in view of the provisions of rule 31, quoted, the neglect was not so gross as to be inexcusable. He should not have trusted to the unofficial printed calendar, but it seems evident that he did believe — and not wholly without reason — that such printed calendar issued by the clerk on the eve of the meeting of court contained a list of all the civil cases to be tried at that term. The order setting the case for trial was made in the absence of Mr. O’Leary, and, although Mr.
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PIGOTT, J.
Defendant appeals from a judgment of the District Court of Deer Lodge county, entered on the 17th day of May, 1898; and also from an order of that court entered May 24, 1898, denying his motion to vacate said judgment. The action was brought to recover possession of certain personal property, together with damages for its detention. The first trial resulted in a judgment for defendant, but upon appeal by plaintiff to this Court a new trial was directed of the-issue touching the ownership of certain of the property. (Collier v. Fitzpatrick, 19 Mont. 562, 48 Pac. 1103.) The remittitur was filed by the clerk of the court below on November 22, 1897. On May 16, 1898, in the absence of defendant and his counsel, the court tried the case without a jury,, and found for the plaintiff; and on the day following judgment was entered accordingly. On May 18, 1898, one day after the entry of judgment, defendant served notice of motion to set aside the judgment on the ground that he had no notice of the setting of the action for trial, and upon the further ground that the judgment was taken against him [555]*555through his mistake, inadvertence, surprise and excusable neglect. On May 23, 1898, the court heard the motion, and on May 24th denied it.
The material facts shown are the following: On April 8, 1898, the attorneys for the plaintiff procured an order from the District Court by which the case was placed upon the trial calendar and thereafter, about the 30th day of the same months gave notice to the clerk, in accordance with a rule of court, that plaintiff desired the case noted for a jury trial at the ensuing term, beginning May 2, 1898. The case was placed upon the trial calendar prepared for the use of the court, in which appeared the titles of all causes at issue prior to the first day of the May term. Although this was the only official calendar, the clerk, at the request of the members of the bar, and for their use and convenience, prepared and issued a printed calendar, upon which Collier v. Fitzpatrick did not appear. This printed calendar was' not prepared or distributed under any order or rule of court. T. O’Leary, Esq., =was-the attorney of record for the defendant, and was also city attorney and clerk of Anaconda, the county seat, in which city he resided. He was not present at the calling of the calendar, had not received any notice from the clerk or from any other source that the case had been set for trial, and such setting was wholly unknown to him. At the time the calendar was called and the cases set down for trial, he was engaged as city clerk, in attendance upon the city council; May 2d being the day on which the council elect assumed office, and the outgoing council accounted to and settled with its successor. B. F. Maiden, Esq., was Mr. O’Leary’s partner, and had been since January 1, 1898; but Mr. Maiden was not an attorney in Collier v. Fitzpatrick. At Mr. O’Leary’s request, and for the-purpose of having the cases in which he or the firm was interested set for trial or otherwise disposed of, Mr. Maiden attended the court, and was present when the calendar was called, and appeared and represented Mr. O’Leary in four cases which were then set for trial. The titles of these four cases were printed in the unofficial calendar issued by the [556]*556clerk, and this calendar was the one upon which both Mr. O’Leary and Mr. Maiden relied for information touching the eases which were for trial at the May term. Immediately prior to the calling of the calendar on May 2d the judge announced in open court that all causes at issue would be set for trial unless continued. When the case at bar was reached in regular order, it was called for by its title, and the court, at ■the instance of counsel for the plaintiff, set it for trial on May 16th, at 9:30 in the forenoon, and the order to that effect was entered in the journal, and was read and approved the next day in open court. Mr. Maiden made notations on the unofficial printed calendar opposite the titles of the four cases of the dates when they were to be tried. He had no knowledge whatever of Collier v. Fitzpatrick, and had no information that Mr. O’Leary was attorney therein, and the case had never been mentioned in the office of O’Leary & Maiden since the formation of their partnership; indeed, he swears that he ■did hot know that there was such a case. Upon Mr. Maiden’s return to the office of his firm, he advised Mr. O’Leary of the setting of the cases in which he was interested as shown by the printed calendar, and Mr. O’Leary himself looked at the calendar in which the annotations had been made by Mr. Maiden, and believed that no cases in which he was interested and not appearing on the printed calendar were to be tried. Mr. O’Leary remained in Anaconda from the 2d to the 12th of May, when he went to Helena on urgent private affairs, attention to which could not be postponed. He remained in Helena until the evening of May 16th. He then returned to Anaconda, and discovered that the case had been tried in his absence, and without any appearance by defendant, or by any •one for him, at the hearing. As has been stated, Mr. O’Leary had received no notice of any kind that the case had been set for trial, ■ nor did the clerk comply with the command of rule 31 of the District Court, which rule is as follows: “When the calendar is called and causes are set for trial the clerk shall immediately thereafter notify the attorneys interested therein, unless they are present at the time of the call, of the setting of such causes for trial. Such notice may be given by [557]*557postal card mailed to such attorneys at their usual address.5' The defendant was also without knowledge or information with respect to the setting of the case for trial. The answer presents facts sufficient to constitute a defense, and Mr. O’Leary states in his affidavit that he is fully advised as to the facts in issue, and of the law appertaining thereto, and believes and avers that defendant has a good and proper legal defense to the action, and that if he had known that the case was set for trial on May 2d, he would have been present thereat. The defendant likewise deposes that he is fully informed as to the facts in the case, and believes and avers that defendant has a good and sufficient legal defense to the action and that he has fully and fairly stated the facts to his counsel, and has been informed by counsel that defendant has a substantial defense on the merits. It further appears that the case was not called for trial until 10:45 o’clock in the forenoon of May 16th, and that when the trial began Mr. Maiden was present in court, and made no objection thereto.
The Court may, in its discretion in furtherance of justice, and upon terms, relieve a party from a judgment taken against him through his excusable neglect. (Code of Civil Procedure, Sec. 774.) That Mr. O’Leary was guilty of neglect in relying upon the unofficial printed calendar, and in failing to advise Mr. Maiden that he was an attorney in the case of Collier v. Fitzpatrick, and that the case was at issue, and might be called for trial, is apparent from the foregoing statement of facts disclosed by the bill of exceptions. We are of the opinion, however, that in view of the provisions of rule 31, quoted, the neglect was not so gross as to be inexcusable. He should not have trusted to the unofficial printed calendar, but it seems evident that he did believe — and not wholly without reason — that such printed calendar issued by the clerk on the eve of the meeting of court contained a list of all the civil cases to be tried at that term. The order setting the case for trial was made in the absence of Mr. O’Leary, and, although Mr. Maiden was authorized to represent Mr. O’Leary at the call on May 2d, yet he did not know that Mr. O’Leary had any professional connection whatever with it. We think that [558]*558under the circumstances Mr. O’Leary might, without being inexcusably neglectful, indulge the presumption that the clerk would, in obedience to rule 31, notify him if, in his absence, the case were set for trial. Affidavits were submitted containing the statement that the rule mentioned applied, and was understood to apply, only to attorneys residing elsewhere than at the county seat, and the learned judge of the District Court, upon the assumption, doubtless, that such construction was correct, refused to set aside the judgment. The rule is general, and in plain terms requires notice to be given to all attorneys interested, witout distinguishing those living at the county seat from others.
Each case in which the court is asked to set aside a judgment upon the ground of excusable neglect in the moving party must be decided upon its own facts. The design and purpose of the statute is to further the administration of justice so that the very right upon the merits may be deter,: mined, and to that end to grant relief from excusable neglect in cases where diligence is shown in applying promptly for the relief sought, provided the opposite party be not deprived of any advantage to which he may properly be entitled. The defendant should have been afforded, upon terms, the right -of trial. The plaintiff is without fault, and the defendant must, as a condition precedent to relief, reimburse the plaintiff for his outlay.
The order of May 24, 1898, denying the motion to vacate the judgment, is reversed, with costs to plaintiff, and the cause is remanded, with the following directions: Upon payment by defendant within 20 days into the court below of all costs of the plaintiff incurred in that court since November 22, 1897, and of all costs of plaintiff upon this appeal, the District Court will enter an order granting defendant’s motion to vacate the judgment; and in default of such payment within 20 days from and after the filing of the remittitur the District •Court will enter an order denying said motion.
Reversed and remanded.
Hunt, J., concurs. Brantly, C. J., disqualified.