Ethridge, J.,
delivered the opinion of the court.
The appellant sued out a. writ of attachment against the appellee alleging that appellee was indebted to him in the sum of three hundred twenty-four, dollars and forty-four cents and that he, the said Chamblee, has removed himself out of this state, and that he, the said Chamblee, absconds or conceals himself so he cannot be served with summons. Appellant also made affidavit that the place of residence of Chamblee was unknown to affiant, and that upon diligent inquiry he has not been able to ascertain the same. Thereupon writ of attachment was issued and certain writs of garnishment also issued. The sheriff’s return on the writ of attachment reads as follows:
[264]*264“I have this day executed the within writ by going on said property therein described and declared to Mrs. C. L. Wallace, occupant thereon, that the property described in said writ in favor of C. W. Triplett, Jr. And further executed by this writ by summoning N. F. Wallace, substituted trustee, personally by delivering him a true copy of this writ. This February 7, 1921. And further executed the within attachment by levying on E'ast half of South East quarter and East half of west half of South East quarter, less all that part north of Pioneer road, about thirty acres. This March 26, .192.1.”
N. F. Wallace, the trustee above mentioned, was one of the garnishees,' and answered the writ of garnishment on the 24th day of November, 1921,- admitting having three hundred sixty-six dollars and ninety-three cents held by him as trustee for the said L. C. Chamblee, but that he was not otherwise indebted, and neither knew nor had reason to believe that any other person was indebted to him or had property or1 effects under their control belonging to the said Chamblee.
On the 11th of April, 1921, a summons was issued to L. C. Chamblee, returnable on the second Monday of April, 1921, and was executed personally by delivering to L. C. Chamblee a true copy of the writ.
A plea in abatement was filed by the defendant on the 1.4th of November, 1921, on which the grounds of attachment were denied, and the case went to trial under the attachment issue. Affidavits for the plaintiff by a number of witnesses are to the effect that they had made inquiry for Chamblee in the community, and could not find out where he was; that he disappeared from Carthage, Miss., during the November term of the circuit court of 19201, leaving his wife and children at his home in the town of Carthage; that the wife and other relatives of Chamblee stated to these persons that they did not kpow where Chamblee was; also that an advertise[265]*265ment was inserted in the Commercial Appeal, a newspaper published in Memphis, Tenn., having a wide circulation in southern states, mating inquiry as to the whereabouts of said Chamblee, and purporting to be signed by his wife, having a photograph of Chamblee accompanying the advertisement. It further appeared that Chamblee returned to Carthage, where he had a suit pending in the circuit court, about the 11th of April, and stated he had been herding cattle in Arizona, New Mexico, and old Mexico. It was further testified by one of the brothers of the defendant that the wife of Chamblee went to her father’s home near Carthage soon after he disappeared, but it does not appear from the record whether she abandoned the premises occupied by Chamblee or how long she stayed at her father’s place.. It is suggested in the record, but not proven, that the house of the defendant was sold under a foreclosure proceeding, but the record does not show when the foreclosure was made, if it was made at all prior to the return of Chamblee to his home. There is no proof in the record that Chamblee acquired a place of residence at any other point, but it does appear that his household effects remained at Carthage until after his return there.
The grounds of attachment as set forth are contained in section 125', Hemingway’s Code (section 133, Code 1906), together with other grounds of attachment.
The ordinary process of bringing a defendant into court in an action of law is a summons which may be served under section 2933, Hemingway’s Code (section 3926, Code 1906), which reads as follows:
“The summons from every court shall be served in one of the following modes:
“First. — Upon the defendant personally, if to be found in the county, by handing him a true copy of the process.
“Second. — If the defendant cannot himself be found in the county, then by leaving a true copy of the process at his usual place of abode, with his wife or some other [266]*266person above the age of sixteen years, being one of Ms family, and -willing to receive such copy.
, ‘ < Third. — If the defendant cannot himself be found, and if no person of his family aged sixteen years can be found at his usual place of abode who is willing to receive such copy, then by posting a true copy on a door of the defendant’s usual place of abode.”
And either one of the methods of service confers jurisdiction upon the court of the person of the defendant, and personal judgment may be rendered against the defendant on either one of the methods of service therein provided.
In Alston v. Newcomer, 42 Miss. 186, it was said that the statute giving the remedy by attachment against a nonresident of the state contemplates actual nonresidence without regard to the domicile of the debtor, and was intended to give the remedy against debtors who could not be served with process while their domicile was in the state; that mere absence from the state of a debtor domiciled here, temporarily on business or pleasure, does not make him a nonresident, within the meaning of the attachment law; he must have a fixed abode elsewhere, with an intention to remain permanently, at least for a time, for business or other purposes.
In Dent v. Jones, 50 Miss. 265, the question of absence from the state is involved. The suit was for four hundred dollars for services of plaintiffs as attorneys. Dent, the defendant, with his entire family, left for Europe in the spring of 1870, and returned to his home in the fall of that year. The question before the court and jury on the trial was whether the time of such absence in Europe should be deducted from the period between the date of the accrual of the claim and the commencement of the suit for its recovery. The court held that in said case the mode of service of process is prescribed by statute (Code of 1857, p. 489, art. 64; Code of 1871, section 701), and that process could have been served upon the [267]*267defendant in the manner indicated by the statute, and that therefore the statute of limitation ran.
In Morgan v. Nunes, 54 Miss. 308, it 'was held that there is a distinction between domicile and residence, and that the domicile of a citizen may be in one state and his residence in another, although they are generally at- the same place; that residence implies an established abode, fixed permanently for a time, for business or other purposes, although there may be an intention in the future, at some time or other, to return to the original domicile. At page 310 of the Mississippi report the court said:
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Ethridge, J.,
delivered the opinion of the court.
The appellant sued out a. writ of attachment against the appellee alleging that appellee was indebted to him in the sum of three hundred twenty-four, dollars and forty-four cents and that he, the said Chamblee, has removed himself out of this state, and that he, the said Chamblee, absconds or conceals himself so he cannot be served with summons. Appellant also made affidavit that the place of residence of Chamblee was unknown to affiant, and that upon diligent inquiry he has not been able to ascertain the same. Thereupon writ of attachment was issued and certain writs of garnishment also issued. The sheriff’s return on the writ of attachment reads as follows:
[264]*264“I have this day executed the within writ by going on said property therein described and declared to Mrs. C. L. Wallace, occupant thereon, that the property described in said writ in favor of C. W. Triplett, Jr. And further executed by this writ by summoning N. F. Wallace, substituted trustee, personally by delivering him a true copy of this writ. This February 7, 1921. And further executed the within attachment by levying on E'ast half of South East quarter and East half of west half of South East quarter, less all that part north of Pioneer road, about thirty acres. This March 26, .192.1.”
N. F. Wallace, the trustee above mentioned, was one of the garnishees,' and answered the writ of garnishment on the 24th day of November, 1921,- admitting having three hundred sixty-six dollars and ninety-three cents held by him as trustee for the said L. C. Chamblee, but that he was not otherwise indebted, and neither knew nor had reason to believe that any other person was indebted to him or had property or1 effects under their control belonging to the said Chamblee.
On the 11th of April, 1921, a summons was issued to L. C. Chamblee, returnable on the second Monday of April, 1921, and was executed personally by delivering to L. C. Chamblee a true copy of the writ.
A plea in abatement was filed by the defendant on the 1.4th of November, 1921, on which the grounds of attachment were denied, and the case went to trial under the attachment issue. Affidavits for the plaintiff by a number of witnesses are to the effect that they had made inquiry for Chamblee in the community, and could not find out where he was; that he disappeared from Carthage, Miss., during the November term of the circuit court of 19201, leaving his wife and children at his home in the town of Carthage; that the wife and other relatives of Chamblee stated to these persons that they did not kpow where Chamblee was; also that an advertise[265]*265ment was inserted in the Commercial Appeal, a newspaper published in Memphis, Tenn., having a wide circulation in southern states, mating inquiry as to the whereabouts of said Chamblee, and purporting to be signed by his wife, having a photograph of Chamblee accompanying the advertisement. It further appeared that Chamblee returned to Carthage, where he had a suit pending in the circuit court, about the 11th of April, and stated he had been herding cattle in Arizona, New Mexico, and old Mexico. It was further testified by one of the brothers of the defendant that the wife of Chamblee went to her father’s home near Carthage soon after he disappeared, but it does not appear from the record whether she abandoned the premises occupied by Chamblee or how long she stayed at her father’s place.. It is suggested in the record, but not proven, that the house of the defendant was sold under a foreclosure proceeding, but the record does not show when the foreclosure was made, if it was made at all prior to the return of Chamblee to his home. There is no proof in the record that Chamblee acquired a place of residence at any other point, but it does appear that his household effects remained at Carthage until after his return there.
The grounds of attachment as set forth are contained in section 125', Hemingway’s Code (section 133, Code 1906), together with other grounds of attachment.
The ordinary process of bringing a defendant into court in an action of law is a summons which may be served under section 2933, Hemingway’s Code (section 3926, Code 1906), which reads as follows:
“The summons from every court shall be served in one of the following modes:
“First. — Upon the defendant personally, if to be found in the county, by handing him a true copy of the process.
“Second. — If the defendant cannot himself be found in the county, then by leaving a true copy of the process at his usual place of abode, with his wife or some other [266]*266person above the age of sixteen years, being one of Ms family, and -willing to receive such copy.
, ‘ < Third. — If the defendant cannot himself be found, and if no person of his family aged sixteen years can be found at his usual place of abode who is willing to receive such copy, then by posting a true copy on a door of the defendant’s usual place of abode.”
And either one of the methods of service confers jurisdiction upon the court of the person of the defendant, and personal judgment may be rendered against the defendant on either one of the methods of service therein provided.
In Alston v. Newcomer, 42 Miss. 186, it was said that the statute giving the remedy by attachment against a nonresident of the state contemplates actual nonresidence without regard to the domicile of the debtor, and was intended to give the remedy against debtors who could not be served with process while their domicile was in the state; that mere absence from the state of a debtor domiciled here, temporarily on business or pleasure, does not make him a nonresident, within the meaning of the attachment law; he must have a fixed abode elsewhere, with an intention to remain permanently, at least for a time, for business or other purposes.
In Dent v. Jones, 50 Miss. 265, the question of absence from the state is involved. The suit was for four hundred dollars for services of plaintiffs as attorneys. Dent, the defendant, with his entire family, left for Europe in the spring of 1870, and returned to his home in the fall of that year. The question before the court and jury on the trial was whether the time of such absence in Europe should be deducted from the period between the date of the accrual of the claim and the commencement of the suit for its recovery. The court held that in said case the mode of service of process is prescribed by statute (Code of 1857, p. 489, art. 64; Code of 1871, section 701), and that process could have been served upon the [267]*267defendant in the manner indicated by the statute, and that therefore the statute of limitation ran.
In Morgan v. Nunes, 54 Miss. 308, it 'was held that there is a distinction between domicile and residence, and that the domicile of a citizen may be in one state and his residence in another, although they are generally at- the same place; that residence implies an established abode, fixed permanently for a time, for business or other purposes, although there may be an intention in the future, at some time or other, to return to the original domicile. At page 310 of the Mississippi report the court said:
“Whether Morgan, the plaintiff in error, was, at the time of suing out the attachment, a ‘nonresident’ of this state within the purview of the attachment law, was the question chiefly litigated in the circuit court and discussed by counsel on this writ of error. The statute does not attempt to define the circumstances that will entitle the creditor to attach on that ground. It has been said that every person has, in law, a domicile or home, and that the original domicile can only be lost by the acquisition of another. Crawford v. Wilson, 4 Barb. (N. Y.) 504; Brewer v. Linnaeus, 36 Me. 428. It is acquired by act. and intention. The intention gives character and effect to the act; as where a new abode is taken up, with intention to abandon the old one. The civil law defines domicile to be the place where the domestic hearth has been established, from which the resident does not depart, except for a temporary purpose and animo revertendl. But in the contemplation of the attachment law there is, or may be, a marked distinction between domicile and residence. ...
“A prominent idea involved is whether the absence of the party is of such character and so prolonged that he cannot be served with ordinary process. Mere absence will not suffice; the debtor must have acquired a fixed residence, though it may not have been intended to be permanent; the' animus revertendi need not be aban[268]*268cloned. McKiernan v. Massingill, 6 S. & M. 375; Alston v. Newcomer, 42 Miss. 186, 192.”
In Bowers v. Ross, 55 Miss. 213, it was held in an attachment suit that, where an attachment is sued out on the ground of nonresidence, the defendant is permitted to show, in abatement of the attachment, that, although he has a fixed abode in another state for an indefinite period, he still has his legal domicile in this state, with the intention of returning, and that he has left an establishment here inhabited by his family upon whom the ordinary process of law can be served so as to bind him. At page 234 of the Mississippi report Judge Chalmers makes the following announcement:
“Ordinarily it'would be so, because, ordinarily, non-residence, of itself warrants attachment. But there is one kind of nonresidence in which the nonliability to other process is an important factor in determining the liability to attachment. It is the kind of nonresidence illustrated in Alston v. Newcomer & Kausler, 42 Miss. 186, where a citizen of the state, who retains his legal domicile and citizenship' here, has taken up an actual, fixed abode in another state for an indefinite period, though with the intention of ultimately returning when the business or pleasure which took him abroad shall have terminated. Though in such a case he is personally nonresident — that is to say, he does not himself reside here — yet, if he has left an establishment here inhabited by'his family, upon whom the ordinary process of law can be served so as to bind him, he will not be liable to attachment. ’ ’
See, also, Brown v. Crane, 69 Miss. 678, 13 So. 855.
It was incumbent upon the plaintiff in attachment in the case before us to prove that process could not have been served upon the defendant in the method provided by statute, Section 2933, Hemingway’s ' Code (section 3926, Code 1906), above set out. There is a complete failure to establish any fixed residence by the defendant outside of the state. The process could have been served, [269]*269as far as the proof in the record shows, by delivering a copy of the summons to the wife at the usual place of abode, or by posting a copy of the summons on the door at such place. The proof does not make out a case of absconding for the purpose of defeating* service of process, nor does it show a concealment within the state for such purpose. The proof introduced and relied upon to establish abandonment of his residence here is too vague and uncertain to support the attachment. It clearly appears from the evidence that the defendant had a home in the town of Carthage, where his family lived, and the proof fails to show that the defendant had abandoned this residence and acquired a new one. The record does not show an attempt to serve ordinary process and a failure of the proper officer to find the defendant. The learned court below gave a peremptory instruction for the defendant, which on this record must be affirmed.
Affirmed.